DICTIONARIES COMBINING ARABIC AND TURKISH IN KHWARAZM-KIPCHAK PERIOD: THE EXAMPLE OF AL-ZAMAKHSHARI'S MUQADDIMAT AL-ADAB
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ilahiyat Bilimleri Arastirma Vakfi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
The history of teaching Turkish to foreigners is based on very old ones. A lot of research, articles and books have been written in this area. With the entry of Turks into Islam, very unique dictionaries have emerged that bring these two languages together. Of course, Islam is the basis of Turkish-Arabic relations. With the acceptance of Muslims by the Turks, many foreign language vocabulary began to be exchanged between these two languages, mainly religious. The foundation of the Turkish literary body is mainly found in the Karakhanids period. With the acceptance of Islam by the Turks, a new culture circle has been formed for the Turks. The dictionaries created in this framework were prepared on the basis of the Arabic dictionary preparation associations. Mahmud al-Kashgari, taking into account the sound structure of the Turkish language, developed the mold and rhyme school which the Turkish Arabic dictionary writer Abu Ibrahim Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-Farabi applied in Divanu'l-Edeb and so he established the first Turkish lexicography. One of these is al-Zamakhshari's Muqaddimat al adab. Khwarazm is a region in the south of Lake Aral where the state called the Khwarezm-Shah is established in the vicinity of the delta where the Ceyhun (Amuderya) river flows into Aral. The Khwarazm region played an important role as a second literary center near Kashgar before the Mongol era. This region has preserved its own structure in the time of the Altinordu, even the Mongolian influxes have not prevented the development of Islamic Turkish literature there. The language spoken in Khwarazm in the early days of Islam was the Khwarazm dialect, which in fact was very different from other Iranian dialects, with being Iranian. Turkicization of the Khwarazm which started in the 11th century continued until the 13th century and the establishment of a new writing language in the Khwarazm and its affiliated regions could be realized after the Turkization of this region. Oghuzs and Kipchaks played a very important role especially in the Turkicization of Khwarazm. The elements of Kipchak, which are close to the Oghuzs and Turkmens close to them and the language of Oghuzs again, have been influential in the formation of Khwarazm Turkic. The influence of the Oghuz language and Hakaniye Turkish in the the Seljuks period was also a factor in the formation of literary Turkic people in Khwarazm. These elements, which play a role in the Turkization of the region, have also formed the region's distinctive dialect. This dialect is Khwarazm Turkish, which is connected with the Karakhanid writing language and formed with a mixture of dialing dials such as Oghuz, Kipchak. This dialect, which developed from Karakhanid Turkish in the 13th century and left its place in Chagatai Turkish in the 15th century, has become an interesting writing language in terms of reflecting dialects of various lengths. The subject of this work, Muqaddimat al-adab, is also rich in Arabic, Persian and Middle Turkic words. Especially important is the fact that the Turkish dialects in Mavera and surrounding areas contain some rare words, which reflects the language of that period. The writer of the verse Jar Allah Abi al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Umar al-Khwarazmi al-Zamakhshari was born in the town of Zamahsher in Khwarazm, located in the territory of Uzbekistan today, 467/1075. Despite not being Arabian, al-Zamakhshari, also known as Arabic grammarian due to his mastery on the ground, is a linguist and a theologian who gives important works in Arabic Language Grammar and Literature, Tafsir, rhetoric, al-ma'ani, al-bayan and even Fiqh (Islamic Law) fields. The Arab and Turkish lexicography is also an account that we owe a lot to him. The author, who prepared Asas al-balaghah which is a very useful Arabic luqat with a system close to the present dictionary understanding, he also wrote Muqaddimat al-adab for the ruler of the State of Khwarezm-Shah who wanted to learn Arabic. This is the only work written in Turkish. The copy of Muqaddimat al-adab written by al-Zamakhshari, which is a practical dictionary in Arabic, has not been found so far. Translated versions of Arabic-Persian-Turkish writing are numerous and are found in various libraries around the world. The dictionary, which consists of Arabic words and short sentences, is almost a treasure in terms of speech. Al-Zamakhshari is probably divided into five parts, which are the works, names, verbs, letters, noun and verb conjugation he wrote several years before his death. The names section constitutes one quarter of the work and the verb section constitutes three quarters. The other sections are a few pages. When the contents of the work are examined, it is possible to find the signs of the life organization of the Central Asian Turks and the state existence of the Turks in general. It is even seen that it is more original than Diwan Lugat at-Turk.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Arabic Language And Rhetoric, Az-Zamakhshari, Mugaddimat Aladab, Khwarazm Turkish, Lexicography
Kaynak
Bilimname
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
36
Sayı
2
