Ex-foliar applied extremolyte ectoine improves water management, photosystem, antioxidant system and redox homeostasis in Zea mays under cadmium toxicity

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dc.contributor.authorOzfidan-Konakci, Ceyda
dc.contributor.authorElbasan, Fevzi
dc.contributor.authorArikan, Busra
dc.contributor.authorAlp, Fatma Nur
dc.contributor.authorYildiztugay, Evren
dc.contributor.authorKeles, Ramazan
dc.contributor.authorKucukoduk, Mustafa
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-23T14:16:11Z
dc.date.available2024-02-23T14:16:11Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentNEÜen_US
dc.description.abstractStress-protective osmolytes stabilize biomolecules and mediate plant defense responses, which help to remove the negative effects of stress in plants. However, the responses of ectoine (ECT, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), as an osmolyte, need to be investigated for a better understanding of the defense pathways on water status, antioxidant system, and photosynthetic machinery against heavy metal stress. The different ECT concentrations (0.25-0.5 mM) were applied to Zea mays L. cv Karadeniz Yildizi with/without cadmium stress (100-200 mu M Cd). Stress caused an inhibition in growth (RGR), water content (RWC), and osmotic potential (Psi(pi)). After stress exposure, ECTs provided effective water management by elevating RGR, RWC and Psi(pi). The maize exposed to stress exhibited notable repression in the photosynthetic system depending on decreasing F-v/F-m, qP and, Phi(PSII) and increasing NPQ. The consumption of excess energy on photosynthetic machinery was controlled by ECTs via reversing these parameters. Cd toxicity resulted in downregulated-transcript levels of psbA, psbD, and psaB, which impaired the stability of PSI and PSII. After both Cd treatments, ECTs markedly induced the expression levels of psaA and psaB, which showed effective protection of photochemical activity. Cd-applied plants exhibited a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR), causing the accumulation of TBARS in lipid peroxidation. Under Cd+ECTs, SOD, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and POX had effective radical scavenging, thereby maintaining low contents of H2O2 and TBARS. ECTs alleviated the low Cd treatment-impaired redox state and participated in the ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) regeneration. Consequently, ECT-mediated tolerance of maize was proved by increased growth, water potential, antioxidant capacity (especially SOD, POX), up-regulation of genes encoding proteins related to PSI, and PSII and AsA-GSH redox systems under Cd toxicity. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of SAAB.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipSelcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordinating Office [15401049]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipFinancial support for this work was provided by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordinating Office (Project number: 15401049) .en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.sajb.2021.12.030
dc.identifier.endpage141en_US
dc.identifier.issn0254-6299
dc.identifier.issn1727-9321
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85122628353en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage130en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.12.030
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/12553
dc.identifier.volume147en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000793157200003en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.ispartofSouth African Journal Of Botanyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectAntioxidant Enzymesen_US
dc.subjectCadmium Stressen_US
dc.subjectEctoineen_US
dc.subjectPhotosynthetic Machineryen_US
dc.subjectZea Maysen_US
dc.titleEx-foliar applied extremolyte ectoine improves water management, photosystem, antioxidant system and redox homeostasis in Zea mays under cadmium toxicityen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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