Tarihsel kopuş ve süreklilik bağlamında Türkiye'de devlet ve sivil toplumun uluslararası öğrenci politikası
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bireylerin farklı ülkelere doğru eğitim amaçlı olarak gerçekleştirdiği hareketlilik binlerce yıl öncesine dayansa da günümüz küresel toplumunda yükseköğretimin uluslararasılaşması süreci ile birlikte uluslararası öğrencilik olgusu müstakil bir çalışma alanı haline gelmiştir. Çeşitli itme ve çekme faktörlerine bağlı olarak her geçen yıl artış gösteren uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliği, günümüzde ulus ötesi kuruluşların, ulus devletlerin, üniversitelerin ve sivil alanın politika ürettiği bir konudur. Bu politikalar, hem Küresel Kuzey ve Batı ülkelerinin ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel olarak çerçevesini çizdiği ve literatürde hâkim paradigmayı oluşturan algı ve pratikler doğrultusunda hem de ulus devletlerin tarihsel ve bölgesel beklenti, hassasiyet ve uygulamalarına göre şekillenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin dışarıdan gelen uluslararası öğrencilere ilişkin 2010'lu yıllarda şekillenen politikası, literatürdeki hâkim paradigma ve Türkiye'ye has tarihsel, kültürel ve bölgesel paradigmalar doğrultusunda incelenmiştir. Konuyla alakalı politika üreten ve bu politikayı sahaya yansıtan kamu görevlileri, akademisyenler ve sivil alan temsilcileri ile yapılan nitel görüşmelerin tematik olarak incelenmesi sonucu Türkiye'nin mevcut uluslararası öğrenci politikasının, çalışmada detaylı bir şekilde incelenen diğer dünya ülkelerinden çok daha farklı bir konumda olduğu, bu politikaya etki eden temel motivasyonların "öğrencinin kendi ülkesini kalkındırmasına yönelik eğitim ve kalkınma yardımı" üzerinde şekillenen aşkın bir arka plana sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu aşkınlığa etki eden kültürel ve siyasi faktörlerin beslendiği temel nokta, Türkiye'nin uluslararası öğrenci profiline ağırlık veren ülkelerin geçmişte Osmanlı İmparatorluğuna bağlı olan ülkeler oluşu ve bu durumun önemli bir itme-çekme faktörü olarak Türkiye ile gelen öğrenciler arasında kurduğu bağlantıdır. Tarihsel bağlantı ve bölgesellik gerçeğinden hareketle çalışma, Türkiye'nin mevcut uluslararası öğrenci politikasının, geçmiş on yıllar ve yüz yıllarda tecrübe ettiği dışarıdan öğrenci getirme süreç ve motivasyonlardan beslendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Tarihsel bir süreklilik olarak ortaya çıkan bu durum, Türkiye'nin uluslararası öğrenci politikasına, çalışmada ortaya çıkan "aşkın donörlük" kavramı açısından yaklaşılabileceğini göstermektedir.
Although mobility of the individuals towards different countries, which is based on educational purposes, have been dating back thousands of years, by the process of internationalization of higher education in today's global world, the notion of international studentship has become an independent study area. International student mobility, which increases every year depending on various push and pull factors, is a subject on which transnational associations, nation states, universities and civil area make policy. These policies have been shaped in line with both perceptions and practices that are economically, politically and culturally framed by the countries in Global North and West, which also constitutes the mainstream literature, as well as the historical and regional expectations, sensitivities and practices of nation states. In this study, Turkey's policy on in-bound international students, which have been shaped in the 2010's, have been examined in accordance with dominant paradigm in the literature and historical, cultural and regional paradigms unique to Turkey. Based on the thematic examination of the qualitative interviews maintained with public officials, academics and the representatives of civil area, who are policy makers and who reflect these policies on the field, it was discovered that Turkey's current international student policy is in a very different position from the other countries in the world, which were examined in detail, and detected that the main motivations that effect this policy keep a transcendental background shaped on the "educational and development assistance aim at developing students' source countries". The main point where the cultural and political factors affecting this transcendency are fed is that the countries mainly constitute Turkey's international student profile are also the countries that were the part of former Ottoman Empire and the connection that is established among Turkey and inbound students as a push and pull factor. With reference to the facts of historical connection and regionalism, study reveals that Turkey's current international student policy have been fed by the process and motivations of bringing students from outside the country, which Turkey have experienced in previous decades and centuries. This situation that surfaces as a historical continuity shows that Turkey's international student policy can be approached in terms of the concept of "transcendental donorship", which was produced in this study.
Although mobility of the individuals towards different countries, which is based on educational purposes, have been dating back thousands of years, by the process of internationalization of higher education in today's global world, the notion of international studentship has become an independent study area. International student mobility, which increases every year depending on various push and pull factors, is a subject on which transnational associations, nation states, universities and civil area make policy. These policies have been shaped in line with both perceptions and practices that are economically, politically and culturally framed by the countries in Global North and West, which also constitutes the mainstream literature, as well as the historical and regional expectations, sensitivities and practices of nation states. In this study, Turkey's policy on in-bound international students, which have been shaped in the 2010's, have been examined in accordance with dominant paradigm in the literature and historical, cultural and regional paradigms unique to Turkey. Based on the thematic examination of the qualitative interviews maintained with public officials, academics and the representatives of civil area, who are policy makers and who reflect these policies on the field, it was discovered that Turkey's current international student policy is in a very different position from the other countries in the world, which were examined in detail, and detected that the main motivations that effect this policy keep a transcendental background shaped on the "educational and development assistance aim at developing students' source countries". The main point where the cultural and political factors affecting this transcendency are fed is that the countries mainly constitute Turkey's international student profile are also the countries that were the part of former Ottoman Empire and the connection that is established among Turkey and inbound students as a push and pull factor. With reference to the facts of historical connection and regionalism, study reveals that Turkey's current international student policy have been fed by the process and motivations of bringing students from outside the country, which Turkey have experienced in previous decades and centuries. This situation that surfaces as a historical continuity shows that Turkey's international student policy can be approached in terms of the concept of "transcendental donorship", which was produced in this study.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Küreselleşme, Yükseköğretimin Uluslararasılaşması, Uluslararası Öğrenciler, Türkiye, Devlet ve Sivil Alan, Aşkın Donörlük, Globalization, Internationalization of Higher Education, Turkey, State and Civil Area, Transcendental Donorship, International Students
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Alkın, R. C. (2020). Tarihsel kopuş ve süreklilik bağlamında Türkiye'de devlet ve sivil toplumun uluslararası öğrenci politikası. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
