Turkish Insulin Injection Technique Study: Population Characteristics of Turkish Patients with Diabetes Who Inject Insulin and Details of Their Injection Practices as Assessed by Survey Questionnaire

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dc.contributor.authorDagdelen, Selcuk
dc.contributor.authorDeyneli, Oguzhan
dc.contributor.authorOlgun, Nermin
dc.contributor.authorSiva, Zeynep Osar
dc.contributor.authorSargin, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorHatun, Sukru
dc.contributor.authorKulaksizoglu, Mustafa
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-23T14:00:02Z
dc.date.available2024-02-23T14:00:02Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.departmentNEÜen_US
dc.description.abstractOver 7 million people in Turkey have diabetes. Of the 1 million who inject insulin little is known of their habits and injection techniques. We conducted an Injection Technique Questionnaire (ITQ) survey throughout Turkey that involved 1376 patients from 56 centers. Turkish values were compared with those from 41 other countries participating in the ITQ, known here as Rest of World (ROW). The majority (50.4%) of Turkish insulin users give four injections/ day as opposed to ROW, where only 30.9% do. The abdomen is the most common injection site used by Turkish patients, but they also inject insulin in multiple body sites more often than do patients in ROW. Body mass index values in Turkey were 0.75 units higher than those in ROW as was the mean total daily dose (average daily dose [ADD]) of insulin (54.0 IU in Turkey vs. 47.4 IU in ROW). Mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Turkey was 9.1%, which is higher than in ROW and possibly related to the higher BMI and ADD. Turkish patients use insulin analogs (short and long-acting) more frequently than do patients in ROW. The shortest pen needles (4 mm) are used by about one-third of patients in Turkey, but the longer ones (8 mm) are equally common. Needles are reused in Turkey at a rate of 3.4 injections/single needle. However, needle reuse, whether with pens or syringes, is lower in Turkey than ROW, as is the number of times a reused needle is used. More than 75% of used sharps in Turkey go into the rubbish, with nearly 6% having no protection of the tip. The continued use of 8-mm needles raises the risk of intramuscular injections in Turkish patients. Despite full reimbursement, needle reuse still remains an important issue. More focus needs to be given to dwell times under the skin, reconstitution of cloudy insulant, correct use of skin folds and safe disposal of sharps. BD Diabetes Care.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipBD Diabetes Careen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipBD Diabetes Care sponsored this study by reimbursing hospitals for time spent. BD Diabetes Care also funded the article processing charges for this article. No healthcare professional or patient received payment for participating in the study, and no payments were given to any author for publication of this article. All authors had full access to all of the data in this study and take complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s13300-018-0464-7
dc.identifier.endpage1645en_US
dc.identifier.issn1869-6953
dc.identifier.issn1869-6961
dc.identifier.issue4en_US
dc.identifier.pmid29961245en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85050750709en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage1629en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-018-0464-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/11433
dc.identifier.volume9en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000440115700018en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Heidelbergen_US
dc.relation.ispartofDiabetes Therapyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectInfusionsen_US
dc.subjectInjectionsen_US
dc.subjectInsulinen_US
dc.subjectLipodystrophyen_US
dc.subjectLipohypertrophyen_US
dc.subjectNeedlesen_US
dc.subjectNeedlesticken_US
dc.subjectSubcutaneousen_US
dc.titleTurkish Insulin Injection Technique Study: Population Characteristics of Turkish Patients with Diabetes Who Inject Insulin and Details of Their Injection Practices as Assessed by Survey Questionnaireen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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