Effect of milling time, MWCNT content, and annealing temperature on microstructure and hardness of Fe/MWCNT nanocomposites synthesized by high-energy ball milling

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dc.contributor.authorPolat, Gokhan
dc.contributor.authorCanbolat, I. Emre
dc.contributor.authorUzunoglu, Aytekin
dc.contributor.authorKotan, Hasan
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-23T14:02:07Z
dc.date.available2024-02-23T14:02:07Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentNEÜen_US
dc.description.abstractNanocrystalline pure Fe and Fe/MWCNT nanocomposites powders with 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 10 wt% MWCNT contents were synthesized by high-energy ball milling (HEBM). The as-milled powders were coldcompacted and annealed at 400 degrees C and 600 degrees C for 1 h in Ar atmosphere. The effect of ball milling on pristine MWCNT and Fe/MWCNT composite powders was also investigated as a function of milling time up to 20 h. The physical properties of MWCNT were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) before and after HEBM. The structural damage of MWCNT as a function of milling time and MWCNT content was studied using Raman spectroscopy. The structural characterization of MWCNT and Fe/MWCNT composites was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a function of milling time, MWCNT content, and annealing temperature. The chemical properties of the synthesized composite powders were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The microhardness test was performed to assess the effect of milling time, annealing temperature, and MWCNT content on the mechanical properties. The results indicated that after the ball milling process, the structure of MWCNT was destroyed, and the formation of the amorphous carbon phase was observed, which was confirmed by XRD and TEM analyses. In addition, decreased defect and carbon intensity ratios (ID/IG) were calculated from the Raman results with longer ball milling processes, which is attributed to the destruction of carbon bonds. The XPS results confirmed the presence of FeAC bonds as a result of the formation of carbide phases. A fine dispersion of precipitated carbides determined by TEM is found to promote the grain size stability below 100 nm in the nanocrystalline Fe matrix. The results from the micro-hardness tests showed that Orowan particle strengthening resulting from the carbide formation, as well as grain size hardening, is an important contributor to strengthening in Fe/MWCNT composites. (C) 2021 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNecmettin Erbakan University -Scientific Research Projects (BAP) [191219004]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe research reported in this paper was supported by Necmettin Erbakan University -Scientific Research Projects (BAP) under the grand number of 191219004.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.apt.2021.06.024
dc.identifier.endpage3116en_US
dc.identifier.issn0921-8831
dc.identifier.issn1568-5527
dc.identifier.issue8en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85109440145en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage3107en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2021.06.024
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/11598
dc.identifier.volume32en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000681313100002en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.ispartofAdvanced Powder Technologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectIron-Based Nanocompositesen_US
dc.subjectMwcnten_US
dc.subjectHigh Energy Ball Millingen_US
dc.subjectGrain Size Stabilityen_US
dc.titleEffect of milling time, MWCNT content, and annealing temperature on microstructure and hardness of Fe/MWCNT nanocomposites synthesized by high-energy ball millingen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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