Influences of sulfonated graphene oxide on gas exchange performance, antioxidant systems and redox states of ascorbate and glutathione in nitrate and/or ammonium stressed-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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dc.contributor.authorOzfidan-Konakci, Ceyda
dc.contributor.authorYildiztugay, Evren
dc.contributor.authorCavusoglu, Halit
dc.contributor.authorArikan, Busra
dc.contributor.authorElbasan, Fevzi
dc.contributor.authorKucukoduk, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorTurkan, Ismail
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-23T14:16:46Z
dc.date.available2024-02-23T14:16:46Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentNEÜen_US
dc.description.abstractGraphene oxide has unique physiochemical properties and a large surface area. After functionalization, its shape, surface, adsorption capacity, and toxicity levels can change. The potential impacts of sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO, modified with the sulfonic group) on metabolic processes and biological pathways are unanswered questions concerning NO3- or NH4+ toxicity. To fill this gap of knowledge, in the present study, SGO (50-250-500 mg L-1) was applied to Triticum aestivum cv. Ekiz with/without 140 mM nitrate (NS stress) and 5 mM ammonium (AS stress). Both stress treatments suppressed the growth, water content, osmotic potential, and photosynthetic capacity, as detected by a decrease in the carbon assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (g(s)), intercellular CO2 concentration (C-i), and transpiration rate (E), and an increase in stomatal limitation. After stress exposure, SGO provided positive responses to these parameters. There were different responses in the antioxidant system under stress: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) under NS stress; SOD, catalase (CAT) and POX under AS and NS + AS stresses. However, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation increased because lack of effective antioxidant activation. In response to NS or AS, SGO successfully regulated SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and the enzyme/non-enzymes related to the AsA-GSH cycle, attenuating the high levels of H2O2, lipoxygenase (LOX) and TBARS-based damage. Along with the antioxidant system, SGO controlled the contents of NO3- or NH4+ by regulation of NPF6.3 and AMT1.2 genes. Interestingly, under NS plus AS, the alleviation action of SGO varied in a concentration-dependent manner: (i) low SGO concentration (50 mg L-1) protected the regeneration of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) and the high activities of GST and GPX; (ii) 250 mg L-1 SGO maintained the GSH redox state and the induced activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST); (iii) the highest SGO concentration (500 mg L-1) did not eliminate H2O2 accumulation, which coincided with the increased levels of TBARS and LOX. The toxicity of the high SGO concentration was further increased in wheat with non-stress or NS plus AS stresses. Our findings specified that the damage stimulated by NS and/or AS stress was removed by SGO applications through the increased antioxidant activity and gas exchange parameters, resulting in the protection of the redox state.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipSelcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordinating Office [20401149]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to acknowledge to Advanced Technology Research and Application Center of Selcuk University for their kind help regarding analysis studies (SEM, HR-TEM, EDS). This work was supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordinating Office (Grant Number 20401149).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1039/d1en00226k
dc.identifier.endpage3364en_US
dc.identifier.issn2051-8153
dc.identifier.issn2051-8161
dc.identifier.issue11en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85120062905en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage3343en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1039/d1en00226k
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/12792
dc.identifier.volume8en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000707149100001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherRoyal Soc Chemistryen_US
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Science-Nanoen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subject[Keyword Not Available]en_US
dc.titleInfluences of sulfonated graphene oxide on gas exchange performance, antioxidant systems and redox states of ascorbate and glutathione in nitrate and/or ammonium stressed-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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