Glutamate, Humic Acids and Their Combination Modulate the Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Traits, and Enzyme-Inhibition Properties in Lettuce

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dc.contributor.authorDe Gregorio, Marco Armando
dc.contributor.authorZengin, Gokhan
dc.contributor.authorAlp-Turgut, Fatma Nur
dc.contributor.authorElbasan, Fevzi
dc.contributor.authorOzfidan-Konakci, Ceyda
dc.contributor.authorArikan, Busra
dc.contributor.authorYildiztugay, Evren
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-23T14:35:20Z
dc.date.available2024-02-23T14:35:20Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentNEÜen_US
dc.description.abstractLettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae) is a popular vegetable leafy crop playing a relevant role in human nutrition. Nowadays, novel strategies are required to sustainably support plant growth and elicit the biosynthesis of bioactive molecules with functional roles in crops including lettuce. In this work, the polyphenolic profile of lettuce treated with glutamic acid (GA), humic acid (HA), and their combination (GA + HA) was investigated using an untargeted metabolomics phenolic profiling approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. Both aerial and root organ parts were considered, and a broad and diverse phenolic profile could be highlighted. The phenolic profile included flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavones, flavanols, and flavonols), phenolic acids (both hydroxycinnamics and hydroxybenzoics), low molecular weight phenolics (tyrosol equivalents), lignans and stilbenes. Overall, GA and HA treatments significantly modulated the biosynthesis of flavanols, lignans, low molecular weight phenolics, phenolic acids, and stilbene. Thereafter, antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro with 2,2-diphenyln-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. In addition, this study examined the inhibitory properties of enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase. Compared to individual treatments, the combination of GA + HA showed stronger antioxidant abilities in free radical scavenging and reducing power assays in root samples. Moreover, this combination positively influenced the inhibitory effects of root samples on AChE and BChE and the tyrosinase inhibitory effect of leaf samples. Concerning Pearson's correlations, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities were related to phenolic compounds, and lignans in particular correlated with radical scavenging activities. Overall, the tested elicitors could offer promising insights for enhancing the functional properties of lettuce in agricultural treatments.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/plants12091822
dc.identifier.issn2223-7747
dc.identifier.issue9en_US
dc.identifier.pmid37176879en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85159211993en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091822
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/15954
dc.identifier.volume12en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000987512000001en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMdpien_US
dc.relation.ispartofPlants-Baselen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectLettuceen_US
dc.subjectAntioxidanten_US
dc.subjectMetabolomicsen_US
dc.subjectEnzyme Inhibitionen_US
dc.subjectFunctional Applicationsen_US
dc.titleGlutamate, Humic Acids and Their Combination Modulate the Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Traits, and Enzyme-Inhibition Properties in Lettuceen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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