Farklı Büyüklükteki Bakır Oksit Nanopartiküllerinin Cucumis Sativus ve Toprak Enzimleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Son yıllarda, mühendislik ürünü nanomalzemeler hem üretim hacmi hem de uygulama çeşitliliği
açısından artmıştır. Bakır esaslı nanopartiküller, zirai kimyasallar olarak kullanılmaya başlanmış, agro ekosisteme girmiş ve toprak-bitki sistemlerini etkilemişlerdir. Bakır eksikliği bitkilerin hastalık direncini
azaltmakta ve mahsul verimini düşürmektedir. Temel bir element olmasına rağmen, toprak ortamındaki
aşırı bakır miktarı bitki ve toprak organizmaları için toksik hale gelebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, saksı
denemelerinde toprak örneklerine uygulanan farklı büyüklükteki bakır oksit (CuO) nanopartiküllerin (NP)
Cucumis sativus'un gelişimine ve toprak enzimi aktivitesi üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi
amaçlanmıştır.
30, 50 ve 100 nm olarak temin edilen CuO NP’lerin karakterizasyonları XRD ve FESEM ile
gerçekleştirildi. Konya tarım toprağından alınan örneklere CuO NP ve Cu+2 iki farklı konsantrasyonda
uygulandı. Uygulanan örneklerin Cucumis sativus bitkisine etkisi, bitki kök-gövde yaş ve kuru ağırlık
ölçümleri ile analiz edildi. Ayrıca bitkide uygulama sonrası meydana gelen TAS ve TOS değerleri
incelendi. Uygulama sonrası toprak örneklerinde meydana gelen toprak enzimleri ve solunum değişimleri
değerlendirildi. Bunlara ilaveten, bitki yaprak ve gövdesinde biriken bakır miktarı ölçüldü.
CuO NP’lerin karakterizasyonu ile nanopartiküllerin farklı boyutlara sahip olduğu ortaya çıkarıldı.
Nanopartiküller ile Cu+2 karşılaştırıldığında, nanopartiküllerin daha az bitki büyüme inhibisyonuna yol
açtığı belirlendi. Çalışma sonucunda, özellikle düşük boyuta sahip nanopartiküllerin daha yüksek oranda
bitki yaş ve kuru ağırlığında düşüşe neden olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca, tüm örneklerde TAS ve TOS
değerlerinin kontrol gurubuna göre arttığı belirlendi. En yüksek TAS ve TOS değerleri 400 mg kg-1
uygulamada 30 nm boyuta sahip CuO NP’lerde görüldü. Dehidrogenaz ve alkalen fosfataz enzimi
aktivitelerinde ise bakır oksit nanopartiküllerin boyut bağımlı etkilerinin her iki enzim için farklı sonuçlar
ortaya çıkardığı bulundu. Bu çalışmada, Cu+2 uygulamasının CuO NP'lere göre toprak solunumunu oldukça
düşürdüğü sonucu elde edildi. Ayrıca, bitkinin yaprak ve kök kısımlarında Cu+2’nin CuO NP’lere oranla
daha fazla biriktiği ve 30 nm boyuta sahip CuO NP’lerin diğer nano uygulamalarına oranla daha fazla
bulunduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç olarak, CuO NP’lerin boyut bağımlı etkisinin toprak özelliklerinde ve bitki gelişiminde
farklı davrandığı ortaya çıkarıldı. Bu çalışma, bakır oksit nanopartiküllerin tarım alanında kullanımlarında
daha belirleyici ve kapsamlı stratejilerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.
In recent years, the production of engineered nanomaterials has increased both in terms of production volume and variety of applications. Copper-based nanoparticles were first used as agrochemicals, entering the agroecosystems, and affecting soil-plant systems. Copper deficiency reduces the disease resistance of plants and decreases crop yield. Although an essential element, excess copper in the soil environment can become toxic to exposed plants and soil organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different sizes of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) applied to soil samples in pot experiments on the growth and soil enzyme activity of Cucumis sativus. Characterizations of the CuO NPs delivered at 30, 50, and 100 nm were performed by XRD and FESEM. CuO NP and Cu+2 was applied at two different concentrations to the samples taken from Konya agricultural soil. The effect of the applied samples on the Cucumis sativus plant was analyzed by plant root and stem fresh and dry weight measurements. In addition, TAS and TOS values were examined according to the applications in the plant Soil enzymes and respiration changes in soil samples after application were evaluated. The amount of copper deposited in plant leaves and stems was also measured. Characterization of CuO NPs showed that nanoparticles have different sizes. Comparing nanoparticles and Cu+2 , it was found that nanoparticles were less inhibitory to plant growth. As a result of the study, it was found that particularly small nanoparticles caused a greater decrease in plant fresh and dry weight. It was also noted that TAS and TOS increased for all samples compared to the control group. The highest TAS and TOS values were observed with 30 nm CuO NPs at 400 mg kg-1 application. It was found that the size-dependent effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on the enzyme activities of dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase showed different results for both enzymes. In this study, it was concluded that the application of Cu+2 significantly reduced soil respiration compared to CuO NPs. Additionally, it was found that Cu+2 accumulated more than CuO NPs in the leaf and root parts of the plant, and CuO NPs with a size of 30 nm were found more frequently than in other nano applications. In summary, the size-dependent effect of CuO NPs on soil properties and plant growth behaved differently. This study will contribute to the development of more definitive and comprehensive strategies for using copper oxide nanoparticles in agriculture.
In recent years, the production of engineered nanomaterials has increased both in terms of production volume and variety of applications. Copper-based nanoparticles were first used as agrochemicals, entering the agroecosystems, and affecting soil-plant systems. Copper deficiency reduces the disease resistance of plants and decreases crop yield. Although an essential element, excess copper in the soil environment can become toxic to exposed plants and soil organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different sizes of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) applied to soil samples in pot experiments on the growth and soil enzyme activity of Cucumis sativus. Characterizations of the CuO NPs delivered at 30, 50, and 100 nm were performed by XRD and FESEM. CuO NP and Cu+2 was applied at two different concentrations to the samples taken from Konya agricultural soil. The effect of the applied samples on the Cucumis sativus plant was analyzed by plant root and stem fresh and dry weight measurements. In addition, TAS and TOS values were examined according to the applications in the plant Soil enzymes and respiration changes in soil samples after application were evaluated. The amount of copper deposited in plant leaves and stems was also measured. Characterization of CuO NPs showed that nanoparticles have different sizes. Comparing nanoparticles and Cu+2 , it was found that nanoparticles were less inhibitory to plant growth. As a result of the study, it was found that particularly small nanoparticles caused a greater decrease in plant fresh and dry weight. It was also noted that TAS and TOS increased for all samples compared to the control group. The highest TAS and TOS values were observed with 30 nm CuO NPs at 400 mg kg-1 application. It was found that the size-dependent effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on the enzyme activities of dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase showed different results for both enzymes. In this study, it was concluded that the application of Cu+2 significantly reduced soil respiration compared to CuO NPs. Additionally, it was found that Cu+2 accumulated more than CuO NPs in the leaf and root parts of the plant, and CuO NPs with a size of 30 nm were found more frequently than in other nano applications. In summary, the size-dependent effect of CuO NPs on soil properties and plant growth behaved differently. This study will contribute to the development of more definitive and comprehensive strategies for using copper oxide nanoparticles in agriculture.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Alkalen fosfataz, Bakır oksit nanopartiküller, Cucumis sativus, Dehidrogenaz, TAS, TOS, Alkaline phosphatase, Copper oxide nanoparticles, Dehydrogenase
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Işıldak, Y. (2022). Farklı büyüklükteki bakır oksit nanopartiküllerinin Cucumis sativus ve toprak enzimleri üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoteknoloji Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
