Three-stage treatment for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from human urine: Hydrolysis, precipitation and vacuum stripping

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dc.contributor.authorTao, Wendong
dc.contributor.authorBayrakdar, Alper
dc.contributor.authorWang, Yanru
dc.contributor.authorAgyeman, Fred
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-23T14:12:47Z
dc.date.available2024-02-23T14:12:47Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.departmentNEÜen_US
dc.description.abstractSource separation of human urine has not been widely adopted because of scaling on urine collecting fixtures and lack of verified technologies for on-site utilization of waterless urine. This study investigated the effects of flushing liquid, temperature and urease amendment on hydrolysis of urea to ammonia, explored ammonia recovery via vacuum stripping in connection with phosphorus recovery via struvite precipitation in different sequences, and performed economic analysis of a proposed nutrient recovery strategy. It was found that acetic acid could be dosed at 0.05-0.07 N to flush urine-diverting toilets and urinals for hygiene and prevention of scaling. However, a high dosage of 0.56 N completely inhibited urea hydrolysis. Source-separated urine could be stored at 25 degrees C with ample urease for complete urea hydrolysis within approximately 20 h. Fully hydrolyzed waterless urine contained 9.0-11.6 g/L ammonia-N, 0.53-0.95 g/L phosphate-P and only 2.3-9.1 mg/L magnesium. When magnesium was supplemented to attain the optimum Mg2+: PO43- molar concentration ratio of 1.0 in hydrolyzed urine, batch operation of a pilot-scale air-lift crystallizer removed 93-95% of phosphate and produced 3.65-4.93 g/L struvite in 1-5 h. Batch operation of a pilot-scale vacuum stripping - acid absorption system for 12 h stripped 72-77% of ammonia and produced 37.6-39.7 g/L (NH4)(2)SO4. Compared with the ammonia -> phosphorus recovery sequence, the struvite precipitation -> vacuum stripping sequence produced more struvite and ammonium sulfate. The strategy of urea hydrolysis -> struvite precipitation vacuum stripping of ammonia is a sustainable alternative to the conventional phosphorus fertilizer production and ammonia synthesis processes.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNew York State Center for Clean Water Technology [DEC01-000366GG-3350000]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the New York State Center for Clean Water Technology (DEC01-000366GG-3350000). Alper Bayrakdar was supported by a postdoctoral scholarship from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109435
dc.identifier.issn0301-4797
dc.identifier.issn1095-8630
dc.identifier.pmid31450199en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85070992253en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109435
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/12184
dc.identifier.volume249en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000492797500073en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAcademic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal Of Environmental Managementen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectAmmonia Recoveryen_US
dc.subjectNutrient Recoveryen_US
dc.subjectStrippingen_US
dc.subjectStruvite Recoveryen_US
dc.subjectVacuum Thermal Strippingen_US
dc.subjectWaterless Urineen_US
dc.titleThree-stage treatment for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from human urine: Hydrolysis, precipitation and vacuum strippingen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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