Corneal confocal microscopy identifies corneal nerve fibre loss and increased dendritic cells in patients with long COVID

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dc.contributor.authorBitirgen, Gulfidan
dc.contributor.authorKorkmaz, Celalettin
dc.contributor.authorZamani, Adil
dc.contributor.authorOzkagnici, Ahmet
dc.contributor.authorZengin, Nazmi
dc.contributor.authorPonirakis, Georgios
dc.contributor.authorMalik, Rayaz A.
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-23T14:26:12Z
dc.date.available2024-02-23T14:26:12Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentNEÜen_US
dc.description.abstractBackground/Aims Long COVID is characterised by a range of potentially debilitating symptoms which develop in at least 10% of people who have recovered from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study has quantified corneal sub-basal nerve plexus morphology and dendritic cell (DC) density in patients with and without long COVID. Methods Forty subjects who had recovered from COVID-19 and 30 control participants were included in this cross-sectional comparative study undertaken at a university hospital. All patients underwent assessment with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) long COVID, Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) and Fibromyalgia questionnaires, and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) to quantify corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL), and total, mature and immature DC density. Results The mean time after the diagnosis of COVID-19 was 3.7 +/- 1.5 months. Patients with neurological symptoms 4 weeks after acute COVID-19 had a lower CNFD (p=0.032), CNBD (p=0.020), and CNFL (p=0.012), and increased DC density (p=0.046) compared with controls, while patients without neurological symptoms had comparable corneal nerve parameters, but increased DC density (p=0.003). There were significant correlations between the total score on the NICE long COVID questionnaire at 4 and 12 weeks with CNFD (rho=-0.436; p=0.005, rho=-0.387; p=0.038, respectively) and CNFL (rho=-0.404; p=0.010, rho=-0.412; p=0.026, respectively). Conclusion Corneal confocal microscopy identifies corneal small nerve fibre loss and increased DCs in patients with long COVID, especially those with neurological symptoms. CCM could be used to objectively identify patients with long COVID.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319450
dc.identifier.endpage1641en_US
dc.identifier.issn0007-1161
dc.identifier.issn1468-2079
dc.identifier.issue12en_US
dc.identifier.pmid34312122en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85111413027en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage1635en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319450
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/14107
dc.identifier.volume106en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000726811100001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherBmj Publishing Groupen_US
dc.relation.ispartofBritish Journal Of Ophthalmologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectCorneaen_US
dc.subjectCovid-19en_US
dc.subjectImagingen_US
dc.titleCorneal confocal microscopy identifies corneal nerve fibre loss and increased dendritic cells in patients with long COVIDen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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