Hârezmşah Devleti’nin Dış Politikası
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hârezmşah Devleti (1097-1231), ilk dönemlerinde Büyük Selçuklu
Devleti’ne tâbi olmakla beraber Atsız’ın (1128-1156) bağımsız bir devlet
kurmak için başlattığı mücadele zamanla olumlu sonuç vermiş, Sultan Sencer’in
1157 yılındaki vefatından sonra İlarslan döneminde (1156-1172) devlet,
bağımsızlığını kazanmıştır.
Bağımsız bir devleti devralan Alâeddin Tekiş (1172-1200) ve
sonrasındaki hükümdarların Abbâsî Halifesi ile iyi ilişkiler kurmak yerine
mücadeleyi tercih etmeleri devletin dış politikasını olumsuz etkilemiş ve Halife,
Hârezmşah Devleti ile baş edemediği için bu coğrafyada yeni bir güç olarak
beliren Moğol Devleti’ni onun üzerine sefere çıkmaya teşvik etmiştir.
Alâeddin Muhammed (1200-1220) ve oğlu Celâleddin (1220-1231)
zamanında da Moğol tehlikesi karşısında Hârezmşah Devleti’nin Türk-İslâm
devletleri ile gerekli dostlukları kuramaması, kurulanları sürdürememesi ve bu
devletler ile düşmana karşı ortak bir harekât şeklinde bir dış politika takip
edememesi, Moğol hükümdarı Cengiz Han’ın, Türk-İslâm beldelerinde derin
izler bırakan istilâ sürecini başlatmasına sebebiyet vermiştir.
Hârezmşahlar’ın başta Halife ve Selçuklular olmak üzere muhtelif
Atabeylikler, Gurlular, Karahıtaylar, Kanglı-Kıpçaklar, İsmailîler, Eyyûbîler
ve Türkiye Selçukluları ile olan mücadeleleri, onların devletlerinin büyüklüğü
ve ihtişamı kadar bunu sürdürmede gerekli olan stratejiyi de ne oranda
gösterdiklerinin delilidir. Devlet gücünü ve ihtişamını, her zaman ve bölgede,
ordu gücüyle değil izlediği strateji ve diplomasi gücüyle ortaya koymaktadır.
Nitekim bu politika iyi ve verimli olduğu zaman devlet istikrarla yükselirken bu
politikanın bozulduğu dönemlerde devlet, dayanabildiği askerî güç kadar
ayakta kalabilmekte aksi takdirde, Hârezmşahlar’da olduğu gibi, devletin
idamesine imkân kalmamaktadır.
Nitekim Hârezmşah Devleti’nin Moğol tehlikesi karşısında ordusunu
toplu bir direnişe sevk etmesi yerine Türkistan beldelerine dağıtması ve başarı
şansı düşük askerî stratejileri takip etmesi, devletin kendi sonunu hazırlamış ve
134 yıl ayakta kalabilen devlet 1231 senesinde tarih sahnesinden silinmiştir.
Although the Khwarazm Shah State (1097-1231) was subject to the Great Seljuk State in its early periods, the struggle initiated by Atsiz (1128-1156) to establish an independent state gave positive results over time, and the state gained its independence during the reign of Ilarslan (1156-1172) after the death of Sultan Sanjar in 1157. The fact that Alaeddin Tekish (1172-1200) who took over an independent state, and his successors preferred to fight instead of establishing good relations with the Abbasid Caliph, negatively affected the foreign policy of the state and the Caliph encouraged the Mongol State, which emerged as a new power in this geography, to go on a campaign against the Khwarazm Shah State since he could not cope with it. In the time of Muhammad II of Khwarazm (1200-1220) and his son Jalaluddin (1220-1231), the fact that the Khwarazm Shah State failed to establish the necessary friendships with the Turkish-Islamic states, to continue established ones, and to pursue a foreign policy in the form of a joint operation with these states against the enemy caused the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan to initiate the invasion process that left deep traces in the Turkish-Islamic lands. The struggles of the Khwarazm Shahs with notably the Caliphs and Seljuks, and various Atabeyliks, Gurlus, Karahitays, Kangly-Kipchaks, Ismailis, Ayyubids and Turkey Seljuks are the proofs of how much they showed the strategy necessary to maintain this as well as the greatness and magnificence of their state. The state reveals its power and magnificence at all times and in the region, not with the power of the army, but with the power of strategy and diplomacy. As a matter of fact, when this policy is good and efficient, the state rises steadily, in the periods when this policy is broken, the state can survive as long as the military power it can withstand, otherwise, as in the Khwarazm Shahs, there is no possibility for the state to be sustained. As a matter of fact, the Khwarazm Shah State distributed its army to Turkestan towns instead of propelling its army for a collective resistance in the face of the Mongolian danger and followed military strategies with a low chance of success led the state to its own end. The state, which survived for 134 years, was passed out of history in 1231.
Although the Khwarazm Shah State (1097-1231) was subject to the Great Seljuk State in its early periods, the struggle initiated by Atsiz (1128-1156) to establish an independent state gave positive results over time, and the state gained its independence during the reign of Ilarslan (1156-1172) after the death of Sultan Sanjar in 1157. The fact that Alaeddin Tekish (1172-1200) who took over an independent state, and his successors preferred to fight instead of establishing good relations with the Abbasid Caliph, negatively affected the foreign policy of the state and the Caliph encouraged the Mongol State, which emerged as a new power in this geography, to go on a campaign against the Khwarazm Shah State since he could not cope with it. In the time of Muhammad II of Khwarazm (1200-1220) and his son Jalaluddin (1220-1231), the fact that the Khwarazm Shah State failed to establish the necessary friendships with the Turkish-Islamic states, to continue established ones, and to pursue a foreign policy in the form of a joint operation with these states against the enemy caused the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan to initiate the invasion process that left deep traces in the Turkish-Islamic lands. The struggles of the Khwarazm Shahs with notably the Caliphs and Seljuks, and various Atabeyliks, Gurlus, Karahitays, Kangly-Kipchaks, Ismailis, Ayyubids and Turkey Seljuks are the proofs of how much they showed the strategy necessary to maintain this as well as the greatness and magnificence of their state. The state reveals its power and magnificence at all times and in the region, not with the power of the army, but with the power of strategy and diplomacy. As a matter of fact, when this policy is good and efficient, the state rises steadily, in the periods when this policy is broken, the state can survive as long as the military power it can withstand, otherwise, as in the Khwarazm Shahs, there is no possibility for the state to be sustained. As a matter of fact, the Khwarazm Shah State distributed its army to Turkestan towns instead of propelling its army for a collective resistance in the face of the Mongolian danger and followed military strategies with a low chance of success led the state to its own end. The state, which survived for 134 years, was passed out of history in 1231.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hârezmşahlar, Dış Politika, Moğollar, Strateji, Diplomasi, Khwarazm Shahs, Foreign Policy, Mongols, Strategy, Diplomacy
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Vurgun, N. (2021). Hârezmşah devleti’nin dış politikası. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Konya