Observation and comparison of gas formation during holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy of cystine, uric acid, and calcium oxalate stones: a chromatographic and electron microscopic analysis

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dc.contributor.authorKilinc, Muzaffer Tansel
dc.contributor.authorOzkent, Mehmet Serkan
dc.contributor.authorGoger, Yunus Emre
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-23T13:43:34Z
dc.date.available2024-02-23T13:43:34Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentNEÜen_US
dc.description.abstractThe primary aim of the present in vitro study is to analyze the chemical content of the bubbles occurring during the fragmentation of cystine stones with both the high-power and low-power holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) lasers. The secondary aim is to discuss their clinical importance. Three types of human renal calculi calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), cystine, and uric acid were fragmented with both low-power and high-power Ho:YAG lasers in separate experimental setups at room temperature, during which time it was observed whether gas was produced. After laser lithotripsy, a cloudy white gas was obtained, after the fragmentation of cystine stones only. A qualitative gas content analysis was performed with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) device. The fragments in the aqueous cystine calculi setup were dried and taken to the laboratory to be examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis. No gas production was observed after fragmentation in the COM and uric acid stones. Free cystine, sulfur, thiophene, and hydrogen sulfide gas were produced by both low-power and high-power Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy of the cystine stones. In the SEM-EDX mapping analysis, a free cystine molecule containing 42.8% sulfur (S), 21% oxygen (O), 14.9% carbon (C), and 21% nitrogen (N) atoms was detected in the cystine stone experimental setup. The evidence obtained, which shows that hydrogen sulfide emerges in the gaseous environment during Ho:YAG laser fragmentation of cystine stones, indicates that caution is required to prevent the risk of in vivo production and toxicity.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00240-023-01517-4
dc.identifier.issn2194-7228
dc.identifier.issn2194-7236
dc.identifier.issue1en_US
dc.identifier.pmid38189987en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85181439255en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-023-01517-4
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/10858
dc.identifier.volume52en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001137948200004en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.relation.ispartofUrolithiasisen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectChemical Decompositionen_US
dc.subjectChromatographic Analysisen_US
dc.subjectCystine Stoneen_US
dc.subjectHolmium:Yag Laseren_US
dc.subjectPhotothermal Ablative Mechanismen_US
dc.subjectToxicityen_US
dc.titleObservation and comparison of gas formation during holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy of cystine, uric acid, and calcium oxalate stones: a chromatographic and electron microscopic analysisen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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