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  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    An Evaluation of the Effects of Two Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocols on Depression/Anxiety Related Behavior in Male Rats
    (2019) Özen Koca, Raviye; Solak Görmüş, Zülfikare Işık; Kutlu, Selim; Şahin, Zafer; Özkürkçüler, Alpaslan; Koç, Aynur; Solak, Hatice; Çakan, Pınar
    Objective: The effect of acute and chronic stress models on depression and/or anxiety-like behavior in rodents has been widely studied,but with contradictory results. This may be due to differences in the sex and age of the animals studied or inherent differences in the stress models used. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of two immobilization stress protocols on depression/anxiety-like behaviors in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: Adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n10) comprising: control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for a period of ten days), and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for a period of ten days). Stress-related behavior was evaluated by means of the open field and forced swim tests. In addition, change in body weight, fasting blood glucose, and serum corticosterone were measured. Results: In the open field test, the percentage of time spent in the central area and mean velocity were significantly lower in the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups as compared to the control group (p0.05 and p0.01, respectively). Movement ratios were lower in both immobilization stress groups than in the control group (p0.001 and p0.01, respectively). In theforced swim test, the duration of swimming, climbing and immobility behavior in both immobilization stress protocols did not differ from the control group. Serum corticosterone levels were higher in the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups than in the control group (p0.05), but no overt differences were determined in the percentage change in body weight or the fasting blood glucose level between the stress protocol groups and the control group (p0.05). Conclusion: We may conclude that immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 protocols do not cause depression-like behavior in adult male rats. However, anxiety-like behaviors predominated in both stress protocol groups.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    In Vivo Effects of Naringenin and Lead on Rat Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme
    (2017) Kuzu, Müslüm; Özkaya, Ahmet; Şahin, Zafer; Dağ, Üzeyir; Çomaklı, Veysel; Demirdağ, Ramazan
    Amaç: Karbonik anhidraz (CA) enzimi CO2'nin su ile tersinir reaksiyonunu katalizler ve sistemik asit baz dengesi, solunum gibi metabolik açıdan oldukça önemli olaylarda görev alır. Bu çalışmada canlıların farklı yollarla maruz kaldığı bir ağır metal olan kurşun ile bir flavanon olan naringeninin enzim üzerine in vivo etkisi araştırıldı.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu amaçla, dört farklı sıçan grubu oluşturuldu ve bunlardan biri kontrol grubu olarak belirlendi. Diğer üç gruba ise kurşun, naringenin ve kurşunnaringenin maddeleri verildi ve eritrositlerdeki CA enzim aktivitesindeki değişimler incelendi. Bulgular: Araştırma bulguları kontrol grubundaki enzim aktivitesinin diğer gruplardan daha fazla olduğunu gösterdi. Kurşun grubu en düşük inhibisyon etkisini gösterirken, narigenin grubu en yüksek inhibisyon etkisini gösterdi.Sonuç: Bu nedenle naringeninin CA enzimi için kuvvetli bir inhibitör olduğu söylenebilir.