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    Effect of activated chlorhexidine and irritrol with photon-induced-photoacoustic-streaming and EDDY® on the dislocation resistance of biodentine
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Bozkurt, D. A.; Yusufoglu, S. Ince; Keskin, N. B.; Akman, M.
    Background: Irrigant activation techniques, which are more effective in anatomically complex areas, can be used to maximize irrigant efficacy. Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different agitation techniques on the dislocation resistance of Biodentine to the root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: Seventy single-rooted teeth divided into seven experimental groups (n = 10); Group I-Irritrol/Photon-induced-photoacoustic-streaming (PIPS), Group II-Irritrol/EDDY (R), Group III- Irritrol/Syringe-needle-irrigation (SNI), Group IV-Chlorhexidine-gluconate (CHX)/PIPS, Group V-CHX/EDDY (R), Group VI-CHX/SNI, Group VII-Saline. The midroot dentin slice was obtained from each tooth, and Biodentine was condensed with hand pluggers into the root canal lumen. The push-out bond strength values were measured using a universal testing machine. Each sample was categorized into one of the three failure modes: adhesive/cohesive/mixed. Scanning-Electron-Microscopy (SEM) was used to conduct the analyses, and the composition of Biodentine was analyzed using Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy. The One-way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey's test, and the Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The push-out bond strength values of Biodentine showed that Group VII-Saline had a statistically significant difference (P = 0.002), however, the differences between the other groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.922). The percentages of the failure modes of the samples showed that there was a higher rate of mixed failure except for Group VII-Saline. SEM examination showed that Group VII-Saline had no open dentinal tubules, whereas the other groups, particularly the Irritrol groups, had open dentinal tubule areas. Conclusions: Within the scope of the study, using Irritrol or CHX as the final irrigation in the root canal treatment did not result in differences in the dislocation resistance of Biodentine to root canal dentin when PIPS and EDDY (R) were used.
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    Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite and Hypochlorous Acid Solutions on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Waveonegold, K3XF and Hyflex-EDM: A Study of Metallurgical Properties
    (Springer, 2023) Bozkurt, D. A.; Akman, M.; Karadag, H. B.; Ovalioglu, Z.; Keles, O. Kucuk
    The presented work was focused on investigating the effects of sodium-hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hypochlorous-acid (HOCl) solutions on the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOneGold (WOG), K3XF and Hyflex-EDM (HEDM) nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments. A total of 141 Ni-Ti instruments were included in the study, 45 of each file for cyclic fatigue testing and two for metallurgical analysis. The NiTi instruments were rotated in an artificial canal that was immersed in three different solutions [2.5% NaOCl, HOCl or distilled water (DW)] at body temperature until fracture occurred and the time to fracture (TtF) in seconds was recorded. Fractured and unused files were analysed by scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a microhardness tester. The mean data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis, and post hoc Mann-Whitney-U test. The TtF of the HEDM was statistically significantly higher than that of WOG and K3XF for all solutions. It was found that 2.5% NaOCl and HOCl solutions reduced the TtF of the WOG, but had no significant effect on the K3XF and HEDM. By EDS analysis, it was determined that titanium-oxide compounds were formed on the file surfaces at most in 2.5% NaOCl solution. The highest hardness value was K3XF, and the lowest hardness value belonged to the HEDM instrument. The HOCl solution can be used as an alternative irrigation solution as it is less corrosive to the instruments compared to than NaOCl solution.