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Öğe ANATOMICAL AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION IN THE GENUS MOLTKIA LEHM IN TURKEY(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2012) Dogu, Suleyman; Dinc, Muhittin; Pinar, Nur MuvevverThe genus Moltkia Lehm., is represented by Moltkia coerulea (Willd.) Lehm., and Moltkia aurea Boiss in Turkey. The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of the 2 species, and to compare these features with each other. For the anatomical studies, transverse sections of stem and leaves, and the surface sections of leaves were studied. For the micromorphological studies, the pollens were examined using light and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the nutlets were examined using stereo-microscope and SEM. After the studies, it was pointed out that they are very distinct from each other in terms of the anatomical and micromorphological features. According to the results obtained from anatomical studies, there are lots of differences between the two species considering the structure of the cortex, vascular cambium and endodermis of the stems. The vasculer bundle and upper and lower surface of the leaves are also noticeably different in 2 species. The 2 taxa are also readily distinguishable in terms of the pollen characteristics such as pollen shape, the outline in equatorial and polar view, polarity, aperture type and distribution and tectum ornamentation. In addition, while the nutlet shape is similar in the taxa, its surface is verrucate in M. coerulea, but tuberculate in M. aurea.Öğe ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCARI VURALII Y. BAGCI & DOGU (HYACINTHACEAE)(State Natural History Museum Nas Ukraine, 2013) Dogu, Suleyman; Dinc, MuhittinMuscari vuralii Y. Bagci & Dogu has been recently published rare endemic species growing in South Anatolia. In the present study, anatomical features of this species were determined. The studies were carried out on tranverse sections of scapes and leaves, and surface sections of the leaves. According to the results, the leaves are equifacial and amphistomatic with anomocytic stomata. There is 1-layered palisade parenchyma under each epidermis, and richly developed 8-10-layered spongy parenchyma between the two palisades. Some spongy parenchyma cells include raphide crystals. Vascular bundles are located in equal intervals in spongy parenchyma. In the scape, the cortex is multilayered and the vascular bundles are located in two rows.Öğe ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKISH ENDEMIC STACHYS RUPESTRIS MONTBRET ET AUCHER EX BENT HAM (LAMIACEAE)(State Natural History Museum Nas Ukraine, 2015) Kaya, Basturk; Dinc, Muhittin; Dogu, SuleymanStachys rupestris Montbret et Aucher ex Bentham, is an endemic species that show deploying at Middle Taurus and Amanos mountains in Turkey. In this study, the stem and leaf anatomy of the individuals that were collected from Mersin-Aslankoy were investigated. The obtained data from the anatomical studies shows that S. rupestris represents the anatomical characteristics of Lamiaceae family. The stem in primer structure is quadrangular, with a vascular bundle at each corner and it has collenchyma layer in rich. The leaf and stem epidermises are covered by long and short glandular trichomes. Leaves are amphistomatic and dorsiventral; and the mesophyll are formed of 3-4 layered palisade parenchyma at the upper part and 3-4 layered spongy parenchyma - at the lower part.Öğe ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKISH STENO-ENDEMIC ORIGANUM LEPTOCLADUM BOISS. (LAMIACEAE)(State Natural History Museum Nas Ukraine, 2013) Dinc, Muhittin; Dogu, SuleymanOriganum leptocladum Boiss. is an endemic East Mediterranean element, naturally growing only in Ermenek district of Karaman province in Turkey. The aim of this study is to determine anatomical features of the species. The study materials were collected from Karaman-Ermenek in 2009 and then preserved in 70 % alcohol. O. leptocladum generally exhibits the anatomical feaures of the family Lamiaceae. Hovewer, herbaceaus stem is weakly-rectangle shaped or tends to be circular, the collenchymatic tissue at the corner of the stem and scleranchymatic pericycle around the vascular tissue are weakly-developed. The most striking anatomical feature is that leaf lamina is dorsiventral in the region near to midvein, but equifacial out of the midvein. According to the results, while the stomata are of mesomorphic type on the leaf surfaces, O. leptocladum has xeromorphic characters such as palisade richness in mesophyll, the occurrence of rich scleranchymatic tissue in midvein and cuticle thickness on leaf surface.Öğe Anatomy, morphology, palynology and nutlet micromorphology of the rediscovered Turkish steno-endemic Stachys longiflora Boiss. and Bal. (Lamiaceae)(State Natural History Museum Nas Ukraine, 2021) Dogu, SuleymanStachys longiflora Boiss. & Bal, previously known only from the type gathering is a steno-endemic species from Turkey. The species was firstly collected by Balansa from Mersin-Guzeldere in 1855 and described by Boissier and Balansa in 1859. It was not collected again until 2011, when the author found it in Guzeldere (Mersin). Therefore, S. longiflora is treated under Data Deficient DD category in the Turkish Red Data Book. In this study, some anatomical and micromorphological characters, observations and measurements of S. longiflora are presented for the first time. The diagnostic morphological, anatomical, nutlet micromorphological and palynological characters of this steno-endemic species are discussed. Morphological characteristics of corollas, calyces, leaves, and stems are useful for specific delimitation in Stachys. Anatomical characters such as the shape of sclerenchymatic tissue and presence or absence of sclerenchymatic tissue in stems, mesophyll structures in leaves are of taxonomic significance. Moreover, the presence or absence of nutlets trichomes, shape and sculpturing pattern of nutlets are diagnostic characters. The emended and expanded description, ecology and phenology of this steno-endemic species are also presented along with its revised conservation status.Öğe Arenaria goekyigitii (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Turkey(Magnolia Press, 2020) Dinc, Muhittin; Dogu, SuleymanArenaria goekyigitii (Caryophyllaceae) is described as a new species from Karaman-Ermenek (Turkey). The new species is morphologically similar to A. angustifolia (=Arenaria yunus-emrei) from which mainly differs by the habit (mat-forming, slender vs. mat-forming, rigid in A. angustifolia), leaf shape (oblanceolate vs. linear-spathulate to linear in A. angustifolia), and seed surface (rugose-granulatelae vs. areolate-papillate in A. angustifolia). A detailed description, ecological data, original photos, and conservation status of the new species are given.Öğe Centaurea dumanii comb. & stat. nov. (Asteraceae)(Finnish Zoological Botanical Publishing Board, 2012) Dinc, Muhittin; Dogu, SuleymanCentaurea cassia Boiss. subsp. dumanii M. Dinc, A. Duran & B. Bilgili has been previously described as a new taxon based on the type photograph and description of C. cassia subsp. cassia. A detailed comparison of the plants from wild populations of the two subspecies revealed that subsp. dumanii was sufficiently distinct from subsp. cassia to be recognised as a separate species. We thus recognise it as Centaurea dumanii (M. Dinc, A. Duran & B. Bilgili) M. Dinc & S. Dogu, comb. & stat. nov. It is close to C. cassia from which it differs, in addition to the previously known diagnostic characters, by having an ovate to oblong and cuneate-based involucre, nearly flat appendages, and achenes with a spreading and longer pappus.Öğe Chemical composition of essential oil from aerial parts and fruits of Hyssopus officinalis L., Origanum acutidens, Prangos uechritzii, H-hircinum L. and Hypericum polyphyllum subsp polyphyllum(Agrimedia Gmbh, 2015) Figueredo, Guilles; Ozcan, Mehmet Musa; Chalchat, Jean Claude; Bagci, Yavuz; Chalard, Pierre; Al Juhaimis, Fahad; Dogu, SuleymanThe chemical constituents of essential oil by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Hyssopus officinalis L., Origanum acutidens and Prangos uechtrizii wild growing in Turkey were extracted by hydrodistillation, and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The major constituents of H. officinalis oil were pinocarvone (29.17%), trans-pine camphone (27.19 %), beta-pinene (17.63%), cis-pinocamphone (4.68%) and myrcene (2.92%). The major constituents of the essential oil of O. acutidens were carvacrol (76.2%), p-cymene (7.4%) and borneol (3.2%). The major components of H. hircinum were alpha-pinene (6.96%), beta-pinene (28.79%), limonene (3.60%), cc-terpineol (7.20%), spathulenol (5.60%), caryophyllene oxyde (2.99%), humulene-1,2-epoxyde (4.20%), alpha-eudesmol (3.96%) and methyle linolenate (7.27%), while ishwarana (64.36%), aristolochene (1.50%), beta-selinene (2.61%), valencene (2.08%), alpha-selinene (1.32%), spathulenol (2.42%), caryophyllene oxyde (2.89%) and beta-eudesmol (4.30%) were recorded as the main constituents of H. polyphyllum.Öğe Chemical Diversity of Volatiles of Teucrium orientale L. var. orientale, var. puberulens, and var. glabrescens Determined by Simultaneous GC-FID and GC/MS Techniques(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2012) Ozek, Gulmira; Ozek, Temel; Dinc, Muhittin; Dogu, Suleyman; Baser, Kemal H. C.In the present work, three varieties of Teucrium orientale, var. orientale, var. puberulens, and var. glabrescens, were collected and investigated for chemical composition of the oils. Subsequent gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed high abundance of sesquiterpenes in the essential oils analyzed. All the oils contained beta-caryophyllene (22.6, 8.5, and 6.3%, resp.) and hexadecanoic acid (7.9, 12.8, and 13.1%). Germacrene D (24.6 and 33.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.7 and 8.5%) were found to be the main constituents of var. orientale and var. puberulens, respectively. The high percentages of beta-cubebene (26.9%), a-cubebene (9.0%), and a-copaene (7.2%) established the diversity of var. glabrescens. The qualitative difference between the essential oils allowed the differentiation between the varieties in agreement with the morphological observations described in Flora of Turkey for each variety studied. In addition, a cluster analysis of twelve Teucrium taxa based on the essential-oil composition has been carried out. Hovewer, the analysis did not clearly reflect the infrageneric classification of the genus, it largely confirmed the relationships between the infraspecific taxa of Teucrium orientale and T. chamaedrys.Öğe COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF FOUR HYACINTHELLA SCHUR SPECIES GROWING IN TURKEY(Bangladesh Botanical Soc, 2019) Dogu, SuleymanIn the present study, along with scape, leaf surface and mesophyll anatomy of four Hyacinthella species, H. nervosa (Bertol.) Chouard, H. hispida (J.Gay) Chouard, H. siirtensis B. Mathew and H. venusta K. Pers. were studied and the features were compared among the species in this research. After the analysis of data, it was seen that the scape anatomy is close to studied species. However, there are differences when the other species examined as seen in the epiderma has papillose protuberances only in H. nervosa. When the leaf mesophyll is observed, it is seen that H. siirtensis and H. venusta are equifacial, H. hispida is unifacial, H. nervosa is dorsiventral. Raphide crystals are seen in some of the mesophyll cells. While leaves are amphistomatic with anomocytic stomata in all taxa, indumentum and epidermal cell bigness of the surfaces show difference among the species.Öğe Composition and Anticandidial Activity of the Essential Oil of Kundmannia syriaca from Turkey(Springer, 2016) Kaya, Ayla; Demirci, Betul; Dinc, Muhittin; Dogu, Suleyman[Abstract Not Availabe]Öğe Composition of the essential oil of Stachys sericantha, S-gaziantepensis, and S-mardinensis (Lamiaceae) from Turkey(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Kaya, Ayla; Demirci, Betul; Dogu, Suleyman; Dinc, MuhittinThe genus Stachys L. one of the largest genera of Lamiaceae and Stachys species are used by many people for the therapeutic value of their essential oils. In this study, water-distilled essential oil of three species of Stachys was analysed. The analysis was performed by using gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems simultaneously. The major components found were hexadecanoic acid (23.7%), dodecanoic acid (11.3%), and caryophyllene oxide (10.7%) for S. sericantha P.H. Davis (endemic); -pinene (53%), -pinene (8.2%) for S. gaziantepensis M. Dinc and S. Dou (endemic); Menthyl acetate (15.3%), isomenthone (15.0%), pulegone (10%), spathulenol (7.0%), and caryophyllene oxide (6.7%) for S. mardinensis (Post) R. Mill.Öğe Compositions of essential oils of Salvia adenophylla, Salvia pilifera, and Salvia viscosa in Turkey(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Kaya, Ayla; Dinc, Muhittin; Dogu, Suleyman; Demirci, BetulIn the Anatolia folk medicine, Salvia species are used by many people in various villages and towns for the therapeutic value of their essential oils. In this study, water-distilled essential oil of three species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) was analyzed. The analysis was performed using a gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems, simultaneously. The major components were found as -pinene (16.2%) and -pinene (14.4%) for Salvia adenophylla Hedge & Hub-Mor. (endemic); -pinene (24.9%), myrcene (9.0%), and -humulene (7.9%) for Salvia pilifera Montbret et Aucher ex Bentham (endemic); -copaene (13.0%), -caryophyllene (10.8%), -muurolene (9.8%), -cadinene, and caryophyllene oxide (8.0%) for Salvia viscosa Jacq.Öğe Compositions of the essential oils of Ballota nigra subsp uncinata and subsp anatolica from Turkey(Assoc Pharmaceutical Teachers India, 2017) Kaya, Ayla; Kurkcoglu, Mine; Dinc, Muhittin; Dogu, SuleymanBackground: Ballota nigra L. is a member of Lamiaceae family and is represented in the Flora of Turkey by five subspecies. Subsp. uncinata is a mediterranean element while subsp. anatolica is a Irano-Turanian phytogeographic region. Material and Methods: The essential oils from aerial parts of subsp. uncinata and subsp. anatolica were isolated by hydrodistillation. The analysis was performed by using a gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems, simultaneously. Results: Twenty-two compounds were identified from the oil of subsp. uncinata representing 96.9% of the total oil and fourteen compounds were identified from the oil of subsp. anatolica representing 88% of the total oil. The major components were characterized as caryophyllene oxide (21.2%), hexadecanoic acid (19.9%), beta-caryophyllene (18.9%) for subsp. uncinata and hexadecanoic acid (40.9%) and beta-bisabolene (13.4%) for subsp. anatolica, respectively.Öğe Compositions of the Essential Oils of Teucrium cavernarum and Teucrium paederotoides, Two Endemic Species from Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Kaya, Ayla; Demirci, Betul; Dinc, Muhittin; Dogu, Suleyman; Husnu Can Baser, K.The essential oils from aerial parts of Teucrium cavernarum P. H. Davis and Teucrium paederotoides Boiss. & Hausskn. (Lamiaceae) both of which are endemic species in Turkey were isolated by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Plants were collected during the flowering period from Karaman (T. cavernarum) and Gaziantep (T. paederotoides) province of Turkey. Thirty compounds were identified in the oil of T. cavernarum and seventy three compounds were identified in the oil of T. paederotoides. The major components were characterized as beta-caryophyllene (32.9 %), germacrene D (20.7 %), caryophyllene oxide (14.1 %) and bicyclogermacrene (6.3 %) for T. cavernarum and germacrene-D (20.8 %), pulegone (9.5 %), bicyclogermacrene (9.2 %), hexacecanoic acid (7.9 %) and spathulenol (6.5 %) for T. paederotoides, respectively.Öğe Effect of Drying On Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Compounds and Mineral Contents of Hawthorn and Wild Pear Fruits(Springer, 2020) Aladag, Mustafa Onur; Dogu, Suleyman; Uslu, Nurhan; Ozcan, Mehmet Musa; Gezgin, Sait; Dursun, NesimThe study demonstrated that SD-4 (3193.894mg GAE/100g) followed by SD-8 (2262.763mg GAE/100g) and SD-7 (1473.956mg GAE/100g) had the maximum total phenolic contents. SD-1 possessed the highest antioxidant activity, which later decreased from 83.067% in fresh fruit to 52.130% following drying. Across all fruits, drying resulted in significant reductions in both total phenolic content and phenolic compounds. Generally, gallic acid and (+)-catechin were the major phenolics in all fruits. Rutin trihydrate content of SD-4 decreased from 764.980mg/100g (fresh) to 0.620mg/100g when the fruit was dried. P, K, Ca, Mg and S were the macro elements of all fruits. Across all fruits, drying resulted in significant reductions in both total phenolic content and phenolic compounds. It was observed that dried fruits had the highest mineral contents compared to fresh fruits.Öğe The Effect of Heating Temperature on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Compounds of Plum and Mahaleb Fruits(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2019) Ghafoor, Kashif; Ahmed, Isam A. Mohamed; Dogu, Suleyman; Uslu, Nurhan; Fadimu, Gbemisola J.; Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Babiker, Elfadil E.The effect of heating at different temperatures (60, 80, 90,110, and 130 degrees C) on the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds present in plum and mahaleb fruits was investigated. The antioxidant activity values and total phenolic contents of fresh plum (93.82% measured by DPPH method, 787.79 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry weight determined by Folin method) and mahaleb fruits (81.80%, 634.47 mg GAE /100 g dry weight) were higher than plum and mahaleb fruits dried at different temperatures (p < 0.05). Generally, the heating process caused a reduction in both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for plum and mahaleb. While (+)-catechin (92.62 mg/kg), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (132.15 mg/kg), gallic acid (107.01 mg/kg), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (74.59 mg/kg) are the key phenolic compounds in fresh plum, (+)-catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, and syringic and caffeic acids were the major phenolic compounds of mahaleb fruits. The polyphenol content of fruits and the class of phenolics present are significantly affected by heating temperature.Öğe The Effect of Heating Temperature on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Compounds of Plum and Mahaleb Fruits(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2019) Ghafoor, Kashif; Ahmed, Isam A. Mohamed; Dogu, Suleyman; Uslu, Nurhan; Fadimu, Gbemisola J.; Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Babiker, Elfadil E.The effect of heating at different temperatures (60, 80, 90,110, and 130 degrees C) on the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds present in plum and mahaleb fruits was investigated. The antioxidant activity values and total phenolic contents of fresh plum (93.82% measured by DPPH method, 787.79 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry weight determined by Folin method) and mahaleb fruits (81.80%, 634.47 mg GAE /100 g dry weight) were higher than plum and mahaleb fruits dried at different temperatures (p < 0.05). Generally, the heating process caused a reduction in both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for plum and mahaleb. While (+)-catechin (92.62 mg/kg), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (132.15 mg/kg), gallic acid (107.01 mg/kg), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (74.59 mg/kg) are the key phenolic compounds in fresh plum, (+)-catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, and syringic and caffeic acids were the major phenolic compounds of mahaleb fruits. The polyphenol content of fruits and the class of phenolics present are significantly affected by heating temperature.Öğe Effect of species on total phenol, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of different wild onion bulbs(Springer, 2018) Ozcan, Mehmet Musa; Dogu, Suleyman; Uslu, NurhanThis study was focused on investigation of phenolic compounds, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of some wild onions (Crocus chrysanthus (SDA1), Hyacinthella campanislata (SDA2), Muscari armaniacum (SDA3), Ornithogalum armeniacum (SDA4), Gagea granatelli (SDA5), Hyacinthella heldreichii (SDA6), Muscari neglectum (SDA7), Ornithogalum lanceolatum (SDA-8). SDA-3 had the maximum total phenolic content, with the range of 88.19 mg/100 g, followed by SDA-1 (82.50 mg/100 g). SDA-1 (29.32%) exhibited the best antioxidant activity, followed by SDA-3 (27.92%). The major phenolic compound of SDA-3, SDA-4, SDA-5, SDA-6 and SDA-8 was (+)-catechin, with the ranges of 35.23, 30.76, 33.72, 44.42 and 50.85 mg/100 g, respectively. The dominant phenolic acid of SDA-1 (86.15 mg/100 g) and SDA-7 (22.07 mg/100 g) was determined as gallic acid. Additionally, SDA-2 contained the highest content of isorhamnetin (53.87 mg/100 g). Results indicate that the bulbs of studied plants are potential sources of phenolic compounds and their methanolic extracts have antioxidant activity.Öğe Essential oil composition of some Origanum species(Agrimedia Gmbh, 2017) Danton, Ombeline; Ozcan, Mehmet Musa; Figueredo, Gilles; Chalard, Pierre; Dogu, Suleyman; Uslu, Nurhan; Chalchat, Jean ClaudeChemical compositions of O.majorana, O. onites and O. saccatum oils were determined by GC and GC-MS. The yields of the essential oils were 0.276%, 0.395% and 0.261% v/w, respectively. The most abundant compounds of O.majorana, O. onites and O.saccatum oils were a-terpinene, p-cymene, gamma-terpinene and carvacrol. The highest carvacrol (10.920%) and linalool (10.271%) were found in O. onites oil. in addition, while myrcene is found as 10.471% and 4.817% in O. majorana and O. onites oils, respectively. Myrcene was determined as 0.662% in O.saccatum. The key component of Oregano species tested is p-cymene. The contents of p-cymene in O.majorana, O. onites and O. soccatum oils were determined as 33.416%, 17.417% and 73.143%, respectively. Also, gamma-terpinene contents of oil samples ranged from 17.798% (O. saccatum) to 29.932% (O. majorana).