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Öğe Artificial intelligence-based approaches to evaluate and optimize phytoremediation potential of in vitro regenerated aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L.(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Aasim, Muhammad; Ali, Seyid Amjad; Aydin, Senar; Bakhsh, Allah; Sogukpinar, Canan; Karatas, Mehmet; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodWater bodies or aquatic ecosystem are susceptible to heavy metal accumulation and can adversely affect the environment and human health especially in underdeveloped nations. Phytoremediation techniques of water bodies using aquatic plants or macrophytes are well established and are recognized as eco-friendly world over. Phytoremediation of heavy metals and other pollutants in aquatic environments can be achieved by using Ceratophyllum demersum L. - a well-known floating macrophyte. In vitro regenerated plants of C. demersum (7.5 g/L) were exposed to 24, 72, and 120 h to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L of cadmium (CdSO4 & BULL;8H(2)O) in water. Results revealed significantly different relationship in terms of Cd in water, Cd uptake by plants, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and Cd removal (%) from water. The study showed that Cd uptake by plants and BCF values increased significantly with exposure time. The highest BCF value (3776.50) was recorded for plant samples exposed to 2 mg/L Cd for 72 h. Application of all Cd concentrations and various exposure duration yielded Cd removal (%) between the ranges of 93.8 and 98.7%. These results were predicted through artificial intelligence-based models, namely, random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The tested models predicted the results accurately, and the attained results were further validated via three different performance metrics. The optimal regression coefficient (R-2) for the models was recorded as 0.7970 (Cd water, mg/L), 0.9661 (Cd plants, mg/kg), 0.9797 bioconcentration factor (BCF), and 0.9996 (Cd removal, %), respectively. These achieved results suggest that in vitro regenerated C. demersum can be efficaciously used for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated aquatic environments. Likewise, the proposed modeling of phytoremediation studies can further be employed more comprehensively in future studies aimed at data prediction and optimization.Öğe Cadmium and lead bioaccumulation potentials of an aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L.: A laboratory study(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2018) Dogan, Muhammet; Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, MuhammadCadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollutions caused by industrial activities are one of the most serious threats to aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study is to investigate the Cd and Pb bioaccumulations and diverse physiological and biochemical properties of Ceratophyllum demersum L. exposed to different concentrations of Cd (0.5-2.0 mg/L) and Pb (25-100 mg/L) in aqueous media for 1, 3 and 5 days. Cd and Pb accumulations increased with increase in the exposure times and concentrations, and the highest accumulation values of Cd and Pb were recorded at 2 mg/L (2668.33 mg/kg dw) and 100 mg/L (22,504.10 mg/kg dw), respectively, after 5 days. However, higher bioconcentration factors (BCF) were calculated as 645.43 at 25 mg/L Pb and as 1357.92 at 1 mg/L Cd after 5 days. The results showed that photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) and protein contents of the plants exposed to Cd and Pb toxicities decreased with increasing metal concentration and exposure time, whereas their malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased. Additionally, the single and synergistic effects of duration and metal concentration on the fresh and dry weights of the plant were determined. The results of this study reveal that C. demersum, propagated by tissue culture technique, can be used effectively in the phytoremediation of aquatic environments contaminated by Cd and Pb. This study will also make a positive contribution to the progression of new phytotechnologies on the purpose of the remediation of wastewater by plants in future.Öğe DETERMINATION OF IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS FROM IN VITRO PROPAGATED Ceratophyllum demersum L.(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Karatas, Mehmet; Dogan, Muhammet; Emsen, Bugrahan; Aasim, MuhammadThe study presents multiple shoot regeneration of Ceratophyllum demersum L. from shoot tip meristem explants culturing on liquid MS medium 0.05-0.40 mg/L Kinetin (KIN). Thereafter, free radical scavenging activities with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) of aqueous and methanol extracts of C. demersum were also investigated. The highest number of shoots per explants (74.53) and the highest shoot length (4.93 cm) were obtained on MS medium containing 0.20 mg/L Kinetin. Extracts from C. demersum were effective in the following order: water > methanol. DPPH scavenging activities of treatments with maximum concentration (10 mg/ml) of water and methanol extracts were 68.91 and 51.22%, respectively. It was shown that there was high positive correlation between DPPH scavenging activity and concentration for both extracts. At the same time, IC50 values of water and methanol extracts showed aqueous as most effective extract with 3.689 mg/ml.Öğe EFFICACY OF IN VITRO PROPAGATED COONTAIL (CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM L.) ON QUALITY OF DIFFERENT WATER SAMPLES(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, Muhammad; Dogan, MuhammetCoontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) is an important aquatic macrophyte used for phytoremediation of heavy metals. Shoot tip, 1st and 2nd nodal meristem explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.05-0.40 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) + 0.10 mg/L a-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Shoot regeneration frequency ranged 83.33-91.67% and 58.33-83.33% and 50.00-91.67 % respectively for of shoot tip, 1st and 2nd nodal meristem explant. Number of shoots per explant ranged 10.33-29.53, 16.25-26.89 and 12.42-24.66 for shoot tip, 1st and 2nd stem nodes respectively. Maximum number of 29.53 and 26.89 shoots per explant of shoot tip and 1st stem node were obtained from MS medium containing 0.10 mg/L BA+ 0.10 mg/L NAA. Whereas, maximum of (24.66) shoots per explant from 2nd stem node were scored on MS medium with 0.05 mg/L BA+0.10 mg/L NAA. Mean shoot length for shoot tip, 1st and 2nd stem node explants ranged 0.50-1.49 cm, 0.94-1.93 cm and 0.68-1.68 cm respectively. In vitro regenerated plants significantly affected the water quality of water samples. Water conductivity and hardness of dam water increased after 15 and 30 days. While water conductivity and hardness of tap water decreased after 15 and 30 days. Water conductivity of drinking water decreased after 15 and 30 days with no change in hardness. pH of all water samples increased after 15 and 30 days. Only drinking water had high Al, Fe and Cu concentrations and Al concentration decreased from 51.0 mu g/L to below 20 mu g/L, Fe concentration decreased from 372.0 mu g/L standard level of <50.0 mu g/L and Cu concentration in public water was very high (360 mu g/L) and decreased rapidly to below 0.02 mu g/L within 15 days (S2) after culture of in vitro grown plants. The study suggests the possible and efficient use of in vitro grown coontails plants for phytoremediation studies.Öğe Efficacy of Light Emitting diodes (LEDs) Lighting System for In vitro Shoot Regeneration of Medicinal Water hyssop (Bacopa monnieri L. PENNEL)(Ars Docendi, 2018) Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, Muhammad; Dazkirili, MuratEfficacy of different Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on in vitro whole plant regeneration of water hyssop (Bacopa monnieri L. Pennel) was investigated in this study. Shoot tip explants were cultured on MS medium with BA (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mg l(-1)) and incubated under Red: Blue (R:B) LEDs in different combinations (4:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1 R: B and white LEDs) for 10 weeks. Callus induction and shoot regeneration was noted on all explants irrespective of LEDs type or BA concentration. Shoots per explant and shoot length ranged 6.56-10.42 and 0.96-1.71cm respectively. Maximum number of 10.42 shoots with highest shoot length of 1.71 cm was achieved under 1:1 R:B LEDs. Whereas, different BA concentrations generated 4.97-11.98 shoots per explant with shoot length in the range of 0.93-1.35 cm. Maximum shoots per explant (10.35) with more longer shoots (1.31 cm) was achieved on MS medium containing 1.0 mg l(-1) BA. Comparing of BA x LEDs, maximum number of 15.17 shoots per explant was induced under 1.0 mg l(-1) BA x 2:1 R: B LEDs. Whereas, longer shoots (2.68 cm) were scored under 0.5 mg l(-1) BA x 2:1 R: B LEDs. Regenerated shoots were rooted using 1.0 mg l(-1) IBA in four weeks followed by acclimatization in the aquariums provided with tap water. Results revealed that LEDs in combination with BA can be successfully employed for multiple shoot regeneration of water hyssop.Öğe AN EFFICIENT IN VITRO PLANTLET REGENERATION OF Ceratophyllum demersum L., AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL AQUATIC PLANT(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Dogan, Muhammet; Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, MuhammadCeratophyllum demersum L. is an important medicinal plant and has been traditionally used in the treatment of many human illnesses. Also, it is one of the major aquatic plants used for removing heavy metals in water environments. The present study was designed for efficient in vitro propagation of C. dernersum using shoot tip, 1st and 2nd nodal meristem explants. The explants were cultured on liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.05-0.80 mg/L). Comparing the all explants, the 1st nodal explant cultured on MS medium containing 0.40 mg/L TDZ had the most number (138.44) of shoots per explant. In terms of shoot length, shoot tip explant cultured on MS medium containing 0.40 mg/L TDZ was recorded as the most effective explant (1.93 cm). Thereafter, the stem explants (approximate to 2.0 cm long) cut from regenerated shoots were cultured on liquid MS medium containing 0.10-0.80 mg/L GA(3) to investigate the effect of GA3 on shoot elongation. The highest shoot length (16.08 cm) was obtained from MS containing 0.80 mg/L GA(3). Rooting experiments were not done due to naturally rootless of C. demersum. Elongated plants were successfully acclimatized in aquariums (100%).Öğe IN VITRO SHOOT REGENERATION FROM SHOOT TIP AND NODAL SEGMENT EXPLANTS OF POGOSTEMON ERECTUS (DALZELL) KUNTZE, A MULTIPURPOSE ORNAMENTAL AQUATIC PLANT(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Dogan, Muhammet; Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, MuhammadPogostemon erectus (Dalzell) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) is an economically important aquatic plant and is widely used as aquarium vegetation due to an attractive appearance. This present study was designed for efficient in vitro multiple shoot regeneration and plant production of P.erectus through shoot tip and nodal segment explants. The explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25-1.25 mg/L Kinetin (KIN) with or without 0.25 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Maximum number of shoots per explant was obtained from shoot tip (22.61) and nodal segment (24.44) explants cultured on MS enriched with 1.00 mg/L KIN + 0.25 mg/L NAA. The highest shoot length was recorded from shoot tip (5.64 cm) and nodal segment (5.13 cm) explants cultured on MS medium containing 1.00 mg/L KIN or 1.25 mg/L KIN respectively. In vitro rooting of regenerated shoots were achieved on MS medium containing different concentrations of IAA (0.25-1.00 mg/L) during 4 weeks and these rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in aquarium. The improved protocol may help to the mass propagation of P. erectus and other aquatic plants for commercial purposes.Öğe IN VITRO WHOLE PLANT REGENERATION OF THE MEDICIAL AQUATIC PLANT-Limnophilla aromatic(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, MuhammadLinmophila aromatica is an important aquatic or semi-aquatic medicinal herb of South East Asia used for curing different diseases and disorders. Shoot tip explants were surface-sterilized with 16% H2O2 (v/v) and inoculated on MS medium having 0.25-2.0 mg/L BA+0 and 0.25 mg/L NAA. 100% shoot regeneration frequency was scored on all culture mediums. Shoots per explants ranged 19.61-44.22 and 14.28-30.72 on MS medium with 0.25-2.0 mg/L BA or 0.25-2.0 mg/L BA+0.25 mg/L NAA. Increased BA concentration with or without resulted in a decreased number of shoots per explant. Shoot length was scored between 1.02-2.60 cm and 1.74-4.23 cm, respectively, for MS medium with 0.25-2.0 BA or 0.25-2.0 mg/L BA+0.25 mg/L NAA. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted 100% on MS medium with 0.25-1.0 mg/L NAA. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in the aquarium provided wih tap water and oxygen.Öğe Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Networks-Based Approach to Model and Optimize Ethyl Methanesulfonate and Sodium Azide Induced In Vitro Regeneration and Morphogenic Traits of Water Hyssops (Bacopa monnieri L.)(Springer, 2023) Mirza, Kubra; Aasim, Muhammad; Katirci, Ramzan; Karatas, Mehmet; Ali, Seyid AmjadApplication of chemical mutagens is used for artificially induced in vitro mutation to develop new cultivars with elite characteristics. However, the optimization of selecting proper mutagen, its concentration, and exposure time is of utmost importance, especially for plants containing noteworthy secondary metabolites. In this study, the effect of sodium azide (NaN3) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in different concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg l(-1)), and treatment time (30, 60, and 120 min) was investigated on Bacopa monnieri; an important medicinal plant. The maximum shoot counts (57.0) were achieved from the combination of 0.10 mg l(-1) EMS x 60 min. Whereas, maximum shoot length (4.07 cm), node numbers (4.97) and leaf numbers (12,23) were achieved from the combination of 0.20 mg l(-1) EMS x 120 min, respectively. Combination of 0.025 mg l(-1) NaN3 x 120 mg/l yielded maximum shoot counts (52.30), shoot length (3.23 cm), node numbers (6.07) and leaf numbers (12.13). The trained model to predict the outputs were designed and calibrated with machine learning (ML) algorithms. Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Gaussian Process (GP), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF) models, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network algorithms were used to discover the best models and their hyperparameters. The RF model gave exceptional results in the prediction of the outputs. F1 scores of the RF were acquired in the range of 0.98-1.00 for different outputs. The other models' F1 scores varied in the range of 0.65 and 0.85. The present work opens the new era of applying ML and artificial neural network (ANN) models in plant tissue culture with the possibility of application for other economic crops.
