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    Advancement in protocol for in vitro seed germination, regeneration, bulblet maturation, and acclimatization of Fritillaria persica
    (2016) Çakmak, Derya; Karaoğlu, Cuma; Aasım, Muhammad; Sancak, Cengiz; Özcan, Sebahatin
    t: The present study addressed the successful in vitro seed germination, bulblet regeneration, increased bulblet size, hardening, and acclimatization of Persian lily (Fritillaria persica). Seed germination rate was recorded as 86.7% and 96.7% after 2 and 3 months of cold treatment at 4 °C, respectively. Bulblet explants taken from a germination experiment were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5–2.0 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). Maximum bulblet regeneration frequency and bulblets per explants were achieved on a medium containing 2.0 mg/L TDZ. Leaf disc and leaf scale explants isolated from germinated seedlings were also cultured on MS medium containing 2–6 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with a constant concentration of 0.2 mg/L kinetin. Both explants yielded the highest bulblet regeneration on MS medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L kinetin. A combination of 1.5 g/L agar and 1.6 g/L GELRITE resulted in a maximum bulblet diameter with a higher number of roots. The addition of 10 g/L NaCl to the culture medium resulted in the best root and leaf formation and secondary bulblet regeneration. Exposure of regenerated bulblets to 10 g/L NaCl at 4 °C for 2 months on a medium with 20 g/L sucrose was also found to be beneficial for acclimatization.
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    EFFICIENT IN VITRO BULBLET REGENERATION FROM IMMATURE ZYGOTIC EMBRYOS OF FRITILLARIA IMPERIALIS AND F. PERSICA
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Cakmak, Derya; Sancak, Cengiz; Karaoglu, Cuma; Aasim, Muhammad; Parmaksiz, Iskender; Ozcan, Sebahattin
    In this study in vitro bulblet regeneration potential of immature zygotic embryo explants of Fritillaria imperialis L. and F. persica L. were investigated. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) media supplemented with 0.25-1.0 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.25-0.5 mg/l alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 1.0-4.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5-2.0 mg/l kinetin (kin). Multiple bulblet regeneration from all culture media was recorded after 14 months of culture. The highest bulblet regeneration frequency was recorded on media containing TDZ and NAA combinations from F. imperialis. Maximum bulblets per explants from F. imperialis and F. persica were attained on media containing BAP and NAA, kinetin and NAA or TDZ-NAA respectively. Bulblets subjected to hardening showed longer roots of 8.19 cm in a medium containing agar and activated charcoal (AC) cultured at 23 degrees C and higher number of roots per bulblet in a medium solidified with gelrite. Rooted bulblets were directly transferred to pots and cultured under greenhouse conditions where plants developed new foliage and roots, and acclimatized successfully.