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Öğe The assesment of relationship between the angulation of impacted mandibular third molar teeth and the thickness of lingual bone: A prospective clinical study(Medicina Oral S L, 2019) Menziletoglu, Dilek; Tassoker, Melek; Kubilay-Isik, Bozkurt; Esen, AlparslanBackground: Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between the angulation of mandibular third molars and the thickness of the lingual bone, which can affect the risk of lingual nerve damage during lower third molars surgical extraction. Material and Methods: This study consisted of 104 patients (42 males and 62 females). aged between 18-42 years (24.67 +/- 6.11 years). Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images were taken for preoperative assessment. The teeth were divided into four groups according to their positions: mesioangular, distoangular, vertical and horizontal. Lingual bone thickness around impacted teeth were measured at three points: cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the mandibular second molar, mid-root of the impacted third molar, and apex of the impacted third molar root. Two predisposing factors of lingual nerve damage were recorded: lingual bone perforated by the impacted tooth and lingual bone thinner than 1 mm. Additionally, buccolingual angulations of the teeth in each group were measured. Impacted mandibular third molars were removed in usual way. One week after surgery, the patients were evaluated regarding lingual nerve paresthesia. Results: None of the 104 patients experienced paresthesia. including the ones who had teeth with close proximity with lingual nerve. The mean thickness of bone was 1.21 +/- 0.63 mm at CEJ of the second molar; 1.25 +/- 1.02 mm at the mid-root; and 1.06 +/- 1.31 mm at the apex. Horizontally impacted teeth had thinner lingual bone at mid-root level (p=0.016). Buccolingual angulated teeth were more often associated with perforated lingual bone (p=0.002). Buccolingual and mesial/distal angulation had negative correlation with lingual bone thickness (p<0.05). Conclusions: As the buccolingual and mesiodistal angulations increase, lingual bone thickness decreases. Horizontally impacted teeth seemed to compromise the integrity of the lingual bone more than impacted teeth in other positions. During the surgery, thin or perforated lingual bone may result in displacement of the impacted tooth lingually.Öğe A comparative study of cone-beam computed tomography and digital panoramic radiography for detecting pulp stones(Korean Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, 2018) Tassoker, Melek; Magat, Guldane; Sener, SevgiPurpose: The aim of this study was to compare cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital panoramic radiography (DPR) for the detection of pulp stones. Materials and Methods: DPR and CBCT images of 202 patients were randomly selected from the database of our department. All teeth were evaluated in sagittal, axial, and coronal sections in CBCT images. The systemic condition of patients, the presence of pulp stones, the location of the tooth, the group of teeth, and the presence and depth of caries and restorations were recorded. The presence of pulp stones in molar teeth was compared between DPR and CBCT images. Results: Pulp stones were identified in 105 (52.0%) of the 202 subjects and in 434 (7.7%) of the 5,656 teeth examined. The prevalence of pulp stones was similar between the sexes and across various tooth locations and groups of teeth (P>.05). A positive correlation was observed between age and the number of pulp stones (rho=0.277, P<.01). Pulp stones were found significantly more often in restored or carious teeth (P<.001). CBCT and DPR showed a significant difference in the detection of pulp stones (P<.001), which were seen more often on DPR than on CBCT. Conclusion: DPR, as a 2D imaging system, has inherent limitations leading to the misinterpretation of pulp stones. Restored and carious teeth should be carefully examined for the presence of pulp stones. CBCT imaging is recommended for a definitive assessment in cases where there is a suspicion of a pulp stone on DPR.Öğe Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography in the evaluation of maxillary sinus pathology related to maxillary posterior teeth: Do apical lesions increase the risk of maxillary sinus pathology?(Korean Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, 2019) Terlemez, Arslan; Tassoker, Melek; Kizilcakaya, Makbule; Gulec, MelikePurpose: The aims of this study were first, to compare panoramic radiography with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for evaluating topographic relationships, such as the classification of maxillary posterior teeth and their distance to the maxillary sinus floor; and second, to determine the relationship between maxillary sinus pathology and the presence of apical lesions. Materials and Methods: In total, 285 paired CBCT and panoramic radiography records of patients (570 maxillary sinuses) were retrospectively analyzed. Both imaging modalities were used to determine the topographic relationship of the maxillary posterior teeth to the sinus floor. Mucosal thickening > 2 mm was considered a pathological state. Data were analyzed using the chi-square, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: The closest vertical distance measurements made between posterior maxillary teeth roots and the maxillary sinus on panoramic radiography and CBCT scans showed statistically significant differences from each other (P<0.05). Compared to panoramic radiography, CBCT showed higher mean values for the distance between the maxillary sinus floor and maxillary posterior teeth roots. The CBCT images showed that at least 1 apical lesion adjacent to the right maxillary sinus increased the risk of maxillary sinus pathology by 2.37 times (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.58-3.55, P<0.05). Conclusion: Panoramic radiography might lead to unreliable diagnoses when evaluating the distance between the sinus floor and posterior roots of the maxillary teeth. Periapical lesions anatomically associated with maxillary sinuses were a risk factor for sinus mucosal thickening.Öğe Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography with bitewing radiography for detection of periodontal bone loss and assessment of effects of different voxel resolutions: an in vitro study(Springer, 2019) Cetmili, Hayriye; Tassoker, Melek; Sener, SevgiObjectiveThe aim of the study was to compare intraoral radiographs and CBCT images for detection of horizontal periodontal bone loss, and to investigate the diagnostic effect of different voxel resolutions in CBCT imaging.MethodsA total of 240 sites with horizontal bone loss were measured on the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal surfaces of 60 posterior teeth in four maxillary and six mandibular bones obtained from cadavers (dry skulls). Direct measurements on the dry skulls were accepted as the gold standard values. Measurements on CBCT images at two different voxel resolutions (0.250 and 0.160 mm(3)) and intraoral bitewing radiographs were compared with one another and with the gold standard values.ResultsThe measurements on the CBCT images at two voxel resolutions and bitewing radiographs did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from the direct measurements on the dry skulls. No significant difference was found between the bitewing radiographs and CBCT images for measurements in the mesial and distal regions (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the measurements on the buccal and lingual surfaces at the two different voxel resolutions (p>0.05).ConclusionsCBCT scans are recommended for evaluation of buccal and lingual bone loss to avoid intraoral radiographs that exceed routine examination of interproximal alveolar bone loss. Furthermore, instead of basing the voxel size on the required CBCT scans, it is recommended to select the smallest possible field of view to reduce the dose of radiation.Öğe Comparison of five convolutional neural networks for predicting osteoporosis based on mandibular cortical index on panoramic radiographs(British Inst Radiology, 2022) Tassoker, Melek; Ozic, Muhammet Usame; Yuce, FatmaObjectives: The aim of the present study was to compare five convolutional neural networks for predicting osteoporosis based on mandibular cortical index (MCI) on panoramic radiographs. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 744 female patients over 50 years of age were labeled as C1, C2, and C3 depending on the MCI. The data of the present study were reviewed in different categories including (C1, C2, C3), (C1, C2), (C1, C3), and (C1, (C2 +C3)) as two-class and three-class predictions. The data were separated randomly as 20% test data, and the remaining data were used for training and validation with fivefold cross-validation. AlexNET, GoogleNET, ResNET-50, SqueezeNET, and ShuffleNET deep-learning models were trained through the transfer learning method. The results were evaluated by performance criteria including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, AUC, and training duration. The Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) method was applied for visual interpretation of where deep-learning algorithms gather the feature from image regions. Results: The dataset (C1, C2, C3) has an accuracy rate of 81.14% with AlexNET; the dataset (C1, C2) has an accuracy rate of 88.94% with GoogleNET; the dataset (C1, C3) has an accuracy rate of 98.56% with AlexNET; and the dataset (C1,(C2+C3)) has an accuracy rate of 92.79% with GoogleNET. Conclusion: The highest accuracy was obtained in the differentiation of C3 and C1 where osseous structure characteristics change significantly. Since the C2 score represent the intermediate stage (osteopenia), structural characteristics of the bone present behaviors closer to C1 and C3 scores. Therefore, the data set including the C2 score provided relatively lower accuracy results.Öğe Comparison of five convolutional neural networks for predicting osteoporosis based on mandibular cortical index on panoramic radiographs(British Inst Radiology, 2022) Tassoker, Melek; Ozic, Muhammet Usame; Yuce, FatmaObjectives: The aim of the present study was to compare five convolutional neural networks for predicting osteoporosis based on mandibular cortical index (MCI) on panoramic radiographs. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 744 female patients over 50 years of age were labeled as C1, C2, and C3 depending on the MCI. The data of the present study were reviewed in different categories including (C1, C2, C3), (C1, C2), (C1, C3), and (C1, (C2 +C3)) as two-class and three-class predictions. The data were separated randomly as 20% test data, and the remaining data were used for training and validation with fivefold cross-validation. AlexNET, GoogleNET, ResNET-50, SqueezeNET, and ShuffleNET deep-learning models were trained through the transfer learning method. The results were evaluated by performance criteria including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, AUC, and training duration. The Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) method was applied for visual interpretation of where deep-learning algorithms gather the feature from image regions. Results: The dataset (C1, C2, C3) has an accuracy rate of 81.14% with AlexNET; the dataset (C1, C2) has an accuracy rate of 88.94% with GoogleNET; the dataset (C1, C3) has an accuracy rate of 98.56% with AlexNET; and the dataset (C1,(C2+C3)) has an accuracy rate of 92.79% with GoogleNET. Conclusion: The highest accuracy was obtained in the differentiation of C3 and C1 where osseous structure characteristics change significantly. Since the C2 score represent the intermediate stage (osteopenia), structural characteristics of the bone present behaviors closer to C1 and C3 scores. Therefore, the data set including the C2 score provided relatively lower accuracy results.Öğe Detection of pulpal calcifcations on bite-wing radiographs using deep learning (vol 27, pg 2679, 2023)(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Yuce, Fatma; Ozic, Muhammet Usame; Tassoker, Melek[Abstract Not Availabe]Öğe Detection of pulpal calcifications on bite-wing radiographs using deep learning(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Yuce, Fatma; Ozic, Muhammet Usame; Tassoker, MelekObjectives Pulpal calcifications are discrete hard calcified masses of varying sizes in the dental pulp cavity. This study is aimed at measuring the performance of the YOLOv4 deep learning algorithm to automatically determine whether there is calcification in the pulp chambers in bite-wing radiographs. Materials and methods In this study, 2000 bite-wing radiographs were collected from the faculty database. The oral radiologists labeled the pulp chambers on the radiographs as Present and Absent according to whether there was calcification. The data were randomly divided into 80% training, 10% validation, and 10% testing. The weight file for pulpal calcification was obtained by training the YOLOv4 algorithm with the transfer learning method. Using the weights obtained, pulp chambers and calcifications were automatically detected on the test radiographs that the algorithm had never seen. Two oral radiologists evaluated the test results, and performance criteria were calculated. Results The results obtained on the test data were evaluated in two stages: detection of pulp chambers and detection of pulpal calcification. The detection performance of pulp chambers was as follows: recall 86.98%, precision 98.94%, F1-score 91.60%, and accuracy 86.18%. Pulpal calcification Absent and Present detection performance was as follows: recall 86.39%, precision 85.23%, specificity 97.94%, F1-score 85.49%, and accuracy 96.54%. Conclusion The YOLOv4 algorithm trained with bite-wing radiographs detected pulp chambers and calcification with high success rates.Öğe Diversion of the mandibular canal: Is it the best predictor of inferior alveolar nerve damage during mandibular third molar surgery on panoramic radiographs?(Korean Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, 2019) Tassoker, MelekPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted mandibular third molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare the CBCT findings with signs on panoramic radiographs (PRs). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 200 mandibular third molars from 200 patients who showed a close relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted third molars on PRs and were referred for a CBCT examination of the position of the mandibular canal. The sample consisted of 124 females and 76 males, with ages ranging from 18 to 47 years (mean, 25.75 +/- 6.15 years). PRs were evaluated for interruption of the mandibular canal wall, darkening of the roots, diversion of the mandibular canal, and narrowing of the mandibular canal. Correlations between the PR and CBCT findings were statistically analyzed. Results: In total, 146 cases (73%) showed an absence of canal cortication between the mandibular canal and impacted third molar on CBCT images. A statistically significant relationship was found between CBCT and PR findings (P <0.05). The absence of canal cortication on CBCT images was most frequently accompanied by the PR sign of diversion of the mandibular canal (96%) and least frequently by interruption of the mandibular canal wall (65%). Conclusion: CBCT examinations are highly recommended when diversion of the mandibular canal is observed on PR images to reduce the risk of mandibular nerve injury, and this sign appears to be more relevant than other PR signs.Öğe Evaluation of cortical and trabecular bone structure of the mandible in patients using L-Thyroxine(Bmc, 2023) Gulec, Melike; Tassoker, Melek; Erturk, MedihaBackground: Long-term use of L-Thyroxine (LT4), the synthetic thyroxine hormone used for thyroid hormone replacement therapy, is an important risk factor for osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between mandibular cortical index (MCI) and trabecular bone fractal dimension (FD) values on panoramic radiographs of patients using LT4 and control subjects.Methods: A total of 142 female patients, 71 cases and 71 controls, were analyzed in the study. Ages were matched in case and control groups and the mean age was 36.6 +/- 8.2 (18 to 50) years. MCI consisting of C1 (Normal Mandibular Cortex), C2 (Moderately Resorbed Mandibular Cortex) and, C3 (Severely Resorbed Cortex) scores was determined for case and control groups. Fractal analysis was performed using ImageJ on selected regions of interest from the gonial and interdental regions. The box-count method was used to calculate FD values. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis were applied to compare the measurements. Statistical significance of differences was established at P < 0.05 level.Results: FD values did not show statistically significant differences between case and control groups (p > 0.05). The mean FD in the right gonial region was 1.38 +/- 0.07 in the case group and 1.38 +/- 0.08 in the control group (p = 0.715). The mean FD in the right interdental region was 1.37 +/- 0.06 in the cases and 1.36 +/- 0.06 in the control group (p = 0.373). The mean FD in the left gonial region was 1.39 +/- 0.07 in the cases and 1.39 +/- 0.07 in the control group (p = 0.865). The mean FD in the left interdental region is 1.37 +/- 0.06 in the cases and 1.38 +/- 0.05 in the control group (p = 0.369). The most common MCI score was C1, with 62% in the cases and 83.1% in the control group. MCI scores showed a statistically significant difference between cases and controls (p = 0.016, p < 0.05). While the C2 score was higher in the cases, the C1 score was higher in the controls.Conclusions: LT4 use was not associated with the FD of mandibular trabecular bone, but was associated with MCI values of cortical bone. Further studies on larger samples with different imaging modalities and image processing methods are needed.Öğe Evaluation of cortical and trabecular bone structure of the mandible in patients with ankylosing spondylitis(Nature Portfolio, 2023) Gulec, Melike; Erturk, Mediha; Tassoker, Melek; Basdemirci, MuserrefThis study aimed to examine the difference between the fractal dimension (FD) values of the mandibular trabecular bone and the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and mandibular cortical thickness (MCW) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and healthy control group. A total of 184 individuals (92 cases, 92 controls), were examined in our study. PMI, MCI, and MCW values were calculated on panoramic images of all individuals. For FD values, the region of interest (ROI) was selected with the size of 100 x 100 pixels from the right-left gonial and interdental regions and 50 x 50 pixels from the condylar region. Degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region were recorded. PMI, MCI, and MCW values showed statistically significant differences between the groups (p = 0.000, p < 0.001). The radiological signs of mandibular cortical resorption were more severe in the case group than in the control group. PMI and MCW values were found to be lower in the case group than in the control group. It was determined that the number of C3 and C2 values, among the MCI values, was higher in the case group. Only the FD values of the ROI selected from the condyle region were found to be statistically significant and were lower in the case group (p = 0.026, p < 0.05). Degenerative changes in the TMJ region were significantly more frequent in the case groups (p = 0.000, p < 0.001). The fact that the mandibular cortex shows more resorptive features in individuals with AS may require further evaluation in terms of osteoporosis. Because of the low FD values of the condylar regions of these patients and the more frequent degenerative changes, the TMJ region should be followed carefully. Detailed examination of the mandibular cortex and condylar region is beneficial in patients with AS for screening and following osteoporotic changes in these individuals, which is essential for the patient's life quality.Öğe Evaluation of the mandibular trabecular bone in patients with bruxism using fractal analysis(Springer, 2021) Gulec, Melike; Tassoker, Melek; Ozcan, Sevgi; Orhan, KaanObjective The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effect of bruxism on the fractal dimension (FD) of the mandibular trabecular bone through digital panoramic radiographs, and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of fractal analysis as a diagnostic test for bruxism. Methods One hundred and six bruxer and 106 non-bruxer patients were included in the study. Three bilateral regions of interest (ROI) were selected: ROI-1, the mandibular condyle; ROI-2, the mandibular angle; ROI-3, the-area between the apical regions of the mandibular second premolar and the first molar teeth. FD values for the bruxer and non-bruxer groups were compared for each ROI. Results Only the FD measurements for the right mandibular condyle (ROI-1) showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.041) between the bruxer and non-bruxer individuals. FD values measured in the bruxers (1.40 +/- 0.09) were lower than in the non-bruxers (1.42 +/- 0.08). Conclusion Fractal analysis may be a useful method for discerning trabecular differences in the condylar areas of bruxer individuals. In future studies, the unilateral mastication habits, the characteristics of dental wear, and the occlusal bite forces of individuals should be documented.Öğe Evaluation of the relationship between sleep bruxism and pulpal calcifications in young women: A clinico-radiological study(Korean Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, 2018) Tassoker, MelekPurpose: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between sleep bruxism (SB) and pulpal calcifications in young women. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 female participants between 20 and 31 years of age who were referred to our radiology clinic for a dental check-up, including 59 SB and 41 non-SB patients, were sampled for the analysis. SB was diagnosed based on the American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. All teeth were evaluated on digital panoramic radiographs to detect pulpal calcifications, except third molars, teeth with root canal treatment, and teeth with root resorption. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for pulpal calcifications. The Spearman correlation coefficient was applied and the Pearson chi-square test was used for categorical variables. To test intra-examiner reproducibility, Cohen kappa analysis was applied. P values <.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: A total of 2800 teeth were evaluated (1652 teeth from SB patients and 1148 from non-SB patients), and 61% of patients had at least 1 dental pulpal calcification. No statistically significant relationship was found between SB and pulpal calcifications (P > 0.05). In SB patients, the total number of pulpal calcifications was 129, while in non-SB patients, it was 84. Binary logistic analysis showed that SB was not a risk factor for the presence of pulpal calcifications (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.52-2.69, P> .05). Conclusion: No relationship was found between SB and pulpal calcifications.Öğe Fully Automated Detection of Osteoporosis Stage on Panoramic Radiographs Using YOLOv5 Deep Learning Model and Designing a Graphical User Interface(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Ozic, Muhammet Usame; Tassoker, Melek; Yuce, FatmaPurposeOsteoporosis is a systemic disease that causes fracture risk and bone fragility due to decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Deep learning-based image analysis technologies have effectively been used as a decision support system in diagnosing disease. This study proposes a deep learning-based approach that automatically performs osteoporosis localization and stage estimation on panoramic radiographs with different contrasts.MethodsEight hundred forty-six panoramic radiographs were collected from the hospital database and pre-processed. Two radiologists annotated the images according to the Mandibular Cortical Index, considering the cortical region extending from the distal to the antegonial area of the foramen mentale. The data were trained and validated using the YOLOv5 deep learning algorithm in the Linux-based COLAB Pro cloud environment. The Weights and Bias platform was integrated into COLAB, and the training process was monitored instantly. Using the model weights obtained, the test data that the system had not seen before were analyzed. Using the non-maximum suppression technique on the test data, the bounding boxes of the regions that could be osteoporosis were automatically drawn. Finally, a graphical user interface was developed with the PyQT5 library.ResultsTwo radiologists analyzed the data, and the performance criteria were calculated. The performance criteria of the test data were obtained as follows: an average precision of 0.994, a recall of 0.993, an F1-score of 0.993, and an inference time of 14.3 ms (0.0143 s).ConclusionThe proposed method showed that deep learning could successfully perform automatic localization and staging of osteoporosis on panoramic radiographs without region-of-interest cropping and complex pre-processing methods.Öğe Investigating the Effects of Smoking on Trabecular Bone Structure Using Fractal Analysis: A Pilot Case-control Study(Galenos Publ House, 2023) Azman, Duygu; Tassoker, MelekObjective: Fractal analysis (FA) is a method that performs the evaluation of complex and irregular body structures through mathematics. The aim of this study is to use the FA approach to determine how smoking affects mandibular trabecular bone structure on panoramic radiographs. Methods: While 55 smokers constituted the study group, 55 nonsmokers constituted the control group. The study and control groups were paired for age and sex. Two region of interest (ROIs) with a pixel size of 100x100 were determined from the right mandibular angulus and the trabecular bone region between the right second premolar and first molar roots (interdental). Utilizing the box counting technique, FA was conducted on the ROIs identified by the panoramic radiography. SPSS 21.0, developed by IBM Corp in Armonk, NY, USA, was used for the data analysis. At the 0.05 threshold, p-value was regarded as significant. Results: The mean age of 74 male and 36 female individuals included in the study was 23.54 & PLUSMN;3.57 years. Fractal dimension (FD) values of gonial (p=0.528) and interdental regions (p=0.490) did not differ statistically from each other between the study-control groups (p>0.05). When the correlation analysis of pack-year values of smoking exposure and FD measurements was performed, a negative correlation that was not statistically significant was found (p>0.05). Conclusion: As cigarette exposure increases, FD values tend to decrease. No effect of smoking on mandibular trabecular bone FD values was observed.Öğe Investigating the Effects of Smoking on Trabecular Bone Structure Using Fractal Analysis: A Pilot Case-control Study(Galenos Publ House, 2023) Azman, Duygu; Tassoker, MelekObjective: Fractal analysis (FA) is a method that performs the evaluation of complex and irregular body structures through mathematics. The aim of this study is to use the FA approach to determine how smoking affects mandibular trabecular bone structure on panoramic radiographs. Methods: While 55 smokers constituted the study group, 55 nonsmokers constituted the control group. The study and control groups were paired for age and sex. Two region of interest (ROIs) with a pixel size of 100x100 were determined from the right mandibular angulus and the trabecular bone region between the right second premolar and first molar roots (interdental). Utilizing the box counting technique, FA was conducted on the ROIs identified by the panoramic radiography. SPSS 21.0, developed by IBM Corp in Armonk, NY, USA, was used for the data analysis. At the 0.05 threshold, p-value was regarded as significant. Results: The mean age of 74 male and 36 female individuals included in the study was 23.54 & PLUSMN;3.57 years. Fractal dimension (FD) values of gonial (p=0.528) and interdental regions (p=0.490) did not differ statistically from each other between the study-control groups (p>0.05). When the correlation analysis of pack-year values of smoking exposure and FD measurements was performed, a negative correlation that was not statistically significant was found (p>0.05). Conclusion: As cigarette exposure increases, FD values tend to decrease. No effect of smoking on mandibular trabecular bone FD values was observed.Öğe Investigation of the Prevalence of Retromolar Canals: A Cone Beam CT Study(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2017) Tassoker, Melek; Sener, SevgiThe retromolar canal (RMC) is a collateral branch of the mandibular canal. This branch seems to be involved in the innervation of the third molar, retromolar trigon and part of the buccal mucosa and fibres of the buccinator and temporalis muscles. The prevalence of RMC in osseous and CBCT studies was reported between 1.7 %-72 %. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of RMCs in a Turkish population using cone beam CT. 340 CBCT images of hemimandibles of 170 patients, with a mean age of 37 (range, 16-80), that clearly identified the course of the mandibular canal in the posterior mandible were selected retrospectively from the archived records of our Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department. The sagittal, coronal, axial and pseudopanoramic images were used for assessing the RMCs. This variant was found in 19 out of 170 patients (11 %). Of the 340 CBCT examinations in 170 patients, 20 showed the presence of a RMC (5 %). It was present unilaterally in 18 patients (95 %) and bilaterally in one patient (5 %). There was no difference in the presence of RMCs with regard to sex and sides of the mandible (p>0.05). Clinicans should be aware of RMC and this anatomical variance should be taken into consideration while planning surgery around this region. When there is any suspicion of the RMC presence CBCT is the best imaging modality to visualize the three-dimensional structure of this variant.Öğe Investigation of the relationship between Sella Turcica Bridge and Ponticulus Posticus: A Lateral Cephalometric Study(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2017) Tassoker, Melek; Kok, Hatice; Ozcan, SevgiThe ponticulus posticus (PP) is a bridge of bone sometimes found on the atlas vertebra surrounding the vertebral artery and the first cervical nerve root. Sella turcica bridging (STB) is the fusion of anterior and posterior clinoid processes. The objective of this study was to find out the association between STB and PP. For the study, 752 digital lateral cephalograms were retrieved from the archived records of Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey. There was a significant relationship between the presence of STB and PP (p=0.000, p<0.001). This study indicates that there is a significant correlation between the presence of STB and PP.Öğe Is the maxillary sinus volume affected by concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation, and impacted teeth? A CBCT study(Springer, 2020) Tassoker, Melek; Magat, Guldane; Lale, Bekir; Gulec, Melike; Ozcan, Sevgi; Orhan, KaanPurpose Various mechanisms play an important role in the growth of maxillary sinus cavities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations of maxillary sinus volume (MSV) with nasal septal deviation (NSD), concha bullosa (CB) and impacted teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods From 55 patients, a total of 110 maxillary sinus images were obtained and examined. Data including age, gender, impacted third molar, canine teeth, NSD, and CB were examined. MSV was measured using the MIMICS software (Materialise HQ Technologielaan, Leuven, Belgium). All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21) software and p values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results Mean volume of the right maxillary sinus was 13.566 cm(3), while the left was 13.882 cm(3). The rate of patients with right and left impacted third molar teeth was 49.1% and 47.3%, respectively. The rate of right and left impacted canines was 1.8% and 5.5%, respectively. NSD was found in 56.4% of CBCT examinations and right and left CB were observed in 30.9% and 32.7% of the patients' examinations, respectively. Males had a significantly higher mean sinus volume than females for both sides (p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between MSV and age (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found between MSV and impacted teeth, NSD and CB (p > 0.05). Conclusion NSD, CB, impacted teeth, and age were not found to be related to MSV. Gender had an effect on MSV and males had higher mean sinus volume than females.Öğe Is There a Possible Association between Skeletal Face Types and Third Molar Impaction? A Retrospective Radiographic Study(Karger, 2019) Tassoker, Melek; Kok, Hatice; Sener, SevgiObjective: Third molar impaction is seen much more than impaction of any other tooth as they are the last teeth to erupt. Inadequate retromolar space and the direction of eruption may be contributing factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between third molar impaction and different skeletal face types. Subjects and Methods: Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 158 orthodontic patients (aged 19-25 years) were retrieved from the archived records of the Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey. Third molar impaction was classified on the basis of Winter's classification. The skeletal facial type was determined by a measure of the angle created by the lines Ba-Na and Pt-Gn. The mean was 90 +/- 2 and this value was regarded as mesofacial. An angle of >93 degrees was regarded as brachyfacial and an angle of < 87 degrees as dolichofacial. Results: The overall presence of mandibular and maxillary third molar impactions was 65.2 and 38.6%, respectively. Although there was a statistically significant difference between different skeletal facial types and mandibular third molar impaction (p < 0.05), no statistically significant differences were observed between different skeletal facial types and maxillary third molar impaction (p >0.05). Brachyfacials demonstrated a lower prevalence of third molar impaction than dolichofacials. Conclusions: Different skeletal face types were associated with mandibular third molar impaction. Brachyfacials, who have a greater horizontal facial growth pattern than dolichofacials, showed a lower prevalence of impacted mandibular third molars. (c) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
