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Öğe Alternative calculation of measurement uncertainty with global approach in food microbiology(Springer, 2012) Torlak, EmrahCalculation of measurement uncertainty is a requirement for all laboratories accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 including those carrying out microbiological analyses. Today, calculation of measurement uncertainty in microbiological analyses using precision data according to global approach principles is widely recognized by the microbiologists due to difficulties in quantification of individual uncertainty sources. In food microbiology, precision data obtained from different samples usually show over-dispersion, and the use of over-dispersed data may result in large variance. The current ISO standard on measurement uncertainty in food microbiology proposes the use of log-transformed precision data to overcome this problem. This paper proposes an alternative procedure to calculate the measurement uncertainty in food microbiology using non-logarithmic precision data. The calculations used in this procedure based on relative range of duplicate analyses can be applied to intra-laboratory reproducibility data obtained from microbiological analyses of which duplicate results show relatively low variation.Öğe Antibacterial and Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation by Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming in Primary Molar Root Canals: A Preliminary Study(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2018) Korkut, Emre; Torlak, Emrah; Gezgin, Onur; Ozer, Hazal; Sener, YagmurObjective: The objective of this study was to compare antibacterial and smear layer removal efficacy of the erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation by photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG), and diode lasers and conventional irrigation agent in primary molar root canals. Background: The selection, application, and activation of the irrigant are important factors affecting the success of the endodontic treatment. Materials and methods: Distal root canals of human primary mandibular molar teeth used for antimicrobial efficacy evaluation were first inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (n=25). Smear layer removal efficacy was evaluated on the noninoculated specimens (n=20). The root canals in the first treatment groups were irrigated with a conventional technique using 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). In the laser groups, the root canals were irradiated with either Nd:YAG (1064nm) or diode lasers (940nm) followed by NaOCl irrigation agent. In the fourth groups, the NaOCl irrigation agent was activated with an Er:YAG laser (2940nm) by PIPS tip using nonablative settings. Antibacterial efficacy was determined by viable counts of E. faecalis after treatments. The treated root canals were examined by scanning electron microscopy to determine the smear layer removal efficacy of treatments. Results: Statistically significant (p<0.05) reductions in the number of E. faecalis were achieved in Nd:YAG and diode laser groups and Er:YAG laser by PIPS-activated irrigation groups compared to the NaOCl group. Er:YAG laser by PIPS-activated irrigation resulted in more cleaning of the root canal walls and a higher quantity of open tubules. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Er:YAG laser by PIPS-activated irrigation can be considered as an effective irrigant agitation technique in pediatric endodontics.Öğe Antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan-propolis coated polypropylene films against foodborne pathogens(Elsevier, 2013) Torlak, Emrah; Sert, DurmusAntibacterial properties of chitosan are well documented in the literature. However its antibacterial effectiveness in the film form is controversial due to the methodological differences in test methods used. In this study, antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan-coated polypropylene films alone and incorporating ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) were evaluated against six foodborne pathogens (Bacillus cereus, Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus) using the ISO 22196 method designed for the antibacterial treated plastic products. The results demonstrated that chitosan coated film exhibited the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Incorporation of EPP to coating at 10% (propolis resin/chitosan) enhanced antibacterial activity against all pathogens tested. Results of this study revealed that chitosan has antibacterial activity in the film form and that propolis is a promising antimicrobial for the food packaging applications. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Antibacterial nano cerium oxide/chitosan/cellulose acetate composite films as potential wound dressing(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Kalaycioglu, Zeynep; Kahya, Nilay; Adimcilar, Veselina; Kaygusuz, Hakan; Torlak, Emrah; Akin-Evingur, Gulsen; Erim, F. BediaNovel chitosan and cellulose acetate polymer composites with nanosized cerium oxide were prepared as potential wound dressing materials. Chitosan and cellulose acetate are natural polymer derivatives with biocompatible properties. Both polymers can be dissolved in formic acid. The polymer composite was formed by solvent-casting method. The formed films were not soluble in water. In order to improve antibacterial, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composite material, films were loaded with nanosized cerium oxide. Films were characterized with thermogravimetric, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, mechanical, ultraviolet-visible light transmittance, water solubility, pH, moisture content, water vapor transmission rate, swelling, and antibacterial tests. The physical properties and antibacterial characteristics of the films are promising for further research as a potential wound covering material.Öğe Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles by using aqueous leaf extract of Thymus serpyllum(2019) Erci, Fatih; Torlak, EmrahRecently, metal nanoparticles have attracted the attention of researchers due to their unique properties whencompared with bulk materials and have become used in many fields of application. In this study, green synthesis ofAg nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated by using the aqueous extract of T. serpyllum leaves. In addition,antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the synthesized AgNPs were evaluated in this study. Further, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), fouirer transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for characterization of the green synthesized AgNPs. The UV-Vis spectrum of the synthesizedAgNPs had a maximum peak at 467 nm. Also, TEM analysis indicated spherical particles with an average size of 25.2 nm. The synthesized AgNPs have higher stability (zeta potential: -29.5 mV). The antimicrobial activity of thegreen synthesized AgNPs was investigated on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Bacilluscereus (B. cereus), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica serovarTyphimurium (S. Typhimurium) using agar well diffusion assay. According to the results of the study, Gram-positivebacteria showed larger inhibition zones compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the AgNPs were explored forthe inhibition of S. aureus biofilms. AgNPs at 100 ?g/mL concentration showed a high inhibition value of about 73%for S. aureus biofilm formation. So, it is concluded that the synthesized AgNPs might be potentially used in manyapplications due to their antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties.Öğe Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of dental resin composite containing bioactive glass(Wichtig Publishing, 2016) Korkut, Emre; Torlak, Emrah; Altunsoy, MustafaBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and mechanical properties of dental resin composites containing different amounts of microparticulate bioactive glass (BAG). Methods: Experimental resin composites were prepared by mixing resin matrix (70% BisGMA and 30% TEG-DMA) and inorganic filler with various fractions of BAG to achieve final BAG concentrations of 5, 10 and 30 wt%. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed in aqueous suspension against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans and in biofilm against S. mutans. The effect of incorporation of BAG on the mechanical properties of resin composite was evaluated by measuring the surface roughness, compressive strength and flexural strength. Results: Under the dynamic contact condition, viable counts of E. coli, S. aureus and S. mutans in suspensions were reduced up to 78%, 57% and 50%, respectively, after 90 minutes of exposure to disc-shaped composite specimens, depending on the BAG contents. In 2-day-old S. mutans biofilm, incorporation of BAG into composite at ratios of 10% and 30% resulted in 0.8 and 1.4 log reductions in the viable cell counts compared with the BAG-free composite, respectively. The surface roughness values of composite specimens did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) at any concentration of BAG. However, compressive and flexural strengths of composite were decreased significantly with addition of 30% BAG (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrated the successful utilization of BAG as a promising biomaterial in resin composites to provide antimicrobial function.Öğe Antimicrobial and physical properties of chitosan films incorporated with turmeric extract(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Kalaycioglu, Zeynep; Torlak, Emrah; Akin-Evingur, Gulsen; Ozen, Ilhan; Erim, F. BediaIn this study, the effects of turmeric extract incorporation on the antibacterialand physical properties of the chitosan films were evaluated. Turmeric containing chitosan-based film was produced with casting procedure and cross-linked with sodium sulfate. Mechanical, optical, thermal properties, and water vapor permeability of the films were studied. The addition of turmeric to chitosan film significantly increased the tensile strength of the film and improved the ultraviolet-visible light barrier of the film. Infrared spectroscopy analysis suggested an interaction between the phenolic compounds of the extract and amin group of chitosan. Antimicrobial activity of the chitosan films was studied against Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus by plate count agar technique and a better antimicrobial activity was observed with turmeric incorporation. Turmeric incorporated chitosan films with enhanced antimicrobial activity and film stiffness can be suggested as a promising application for food packaging. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Antimicrobial cerium ion-chitosan crosslinked alginate biopolymer films: A novel and potential wound dressing(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Kaygusuz, Hakan; Torlak, Emrah; Akm-Evingur, Gulsen; Ozen, Ilhan; von Klitzing, Regine; Erim, F. BediaWound dressings require good antiseptic properties, mechanical strength and, more trustably, natural material ingredients. Antimicrobial properties of cerium ions and chitosan are known and alginate based wound dressings are commercially available. In this study, the advantages of these materials were combined and alginate films were crosslinked with cerium(III) solution and chitosan added cerium(III) solution. Films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), light transmittance, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling expefiments, water vapor transmittance tests, and mechanical stretching tests. The antibacterial and physical properties of the films were compared with those of conventional calcium alginate films. Both cerium ion crosslinked and cerium ion-chitosan crosslinked alginate films gained antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Cerium alginate-chitosan films showed high resistance to being deformed elastically. Results show that cerium alginate-chitosan films can be flexible, ultraviolet protecting, and antibacterial wound dressings. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Antioxidant and antimicrobial chitosan films enriched with aqueous sage and rosemary extracts as food coating materials: Characterization of the films and detection of rosmarinic acid release(Elsevier, 2022) Kahya, Nilay; Kestir, Sacide Melek; Oztuerk, Seray; Yolac, Alara; Torlak, Emrah; Kalaycioglu, Zeynep; Akin-Evingur, GulsenChitosan films containing aqueous extracts of sage and rosemary were prepared as a potential food coating material with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The effect of adding extracts at different concentrations on the mechanical, physical, and optical properties of the films was investigated. The addition of the extracts significantly increased Young's modulus values of the films compared to the chitosan film, and a significant decrease was observed in the swelling percentage and water vapor permeability of the films. Since all the pre-pared films were ionically cross-linked, the increase in water solubility of the films with the addition of the extract was at a low level. The release of rosmarinic acid, which is found in significant amounts in both plants, from the films was monitored by the capillary electrophoresis. The antioxidant properties imparted to the films by the addition of plant extracts were determined by DPPH and FRAP methods. The addition of plant extracts increased the antimicrobial property of chitosan films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Films containing sage and rosemary extracts showed potential for use as food coating materials.Öğe Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a dental clinic in Konya, Turkey(Elsevier Science London, 2017) Torlak, Emrah; Korkut, Emre; Uncu, Ali T.; Sener, YagmurThe ability of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilm is considered to be a major virulence factor influencing its survival and persistence in both the environment and the host. Biofilm formation in S. aureus is most frequently associated with production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesion by ica operon-encoded enzymes. The present work aimed at evaluating the in vitro biofilm production and presence of the icaA and icaD genes in S. aureus isolates from a dental clinic in Konya, Turkey. The surfaces of inanimate objects were sampled over a period of six months. S. aureus isolates were subjected to Congo Red Agar (CRA) and crystal violet (CV) staining assays to evaluate their ability of biofilm production, while the presence of the icaA and icaD genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction. S. aureus contamination was detected in 13.2% of the environmental samples. All the 32 isolates were observed to be positive for both the icaA and icaD genes. Phenotypic evaluations revealed that CV staining assay is a more reliable alternative to CRA assay to determine biofilm formation ability. A high percentage of agreement (91%) was observed between the results from CV staining and ica genes' detection assays. Phenotypic and genotypic evaluations should be combined to detect biofilm formation in S. aureus. Our findings indicate that dental clinic environments should be considered as potential reservoir for biofilm-producing S. aureus and thus cross contamination. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Limited.Öğe Çiğ Sütlerde Antibiyotik Kalıntı Analizlerinde Hızlı Test Metotlarının ve HPLC Tekniğinin Değerlendirilmesi(2012) Torlak, Emrah; Gökmen, Mukadderat; Ümit, Gürbüz; Kiztanır, Bünyamin; Işık, Mehmet KürşatBu çalışmada, farklı prensiplere dayalı üç farklı antibiyotik test kitinin performansları beta-laktam grubu antibiyotiklerden penisilin G, ampisilin, amoksisilin ve kloksasilin ile yapay olarak kontamine edilmiş çiğ süt örneklerinde değerlendirildi. Kontamine edilmemiş çiğ süt örneklerinde immunoreseptör ve enzimatik temelli test kitleri ile yanlış pozitif sonuç alınmadı. Bununla beraber, mikrobiyal inhibisyon temelli test kiti ile bir örnekten yanlış pozitif sonuç elde edildi. Türk Gıda Kodeksi maksimum kalıntı limitlerinde en yüksek hassasiyet oranı immunoreseptör temelli test kiti ile elde edildi. Enzimatik temelli test kitinin maksimum kalıntı limitlerindeki performansının yetersiz olduğu tespit edildi. Çalışmada, örnekteki antibiyotik kalıntılarının C18 katı faz ekstraksiyonu, benzoik anhidrit ve 1,2,4-triazol civa klorid solüsyonu ile türevlendirme ve 325 nm dalga boyunda UV ile tespit prensibine dayanan HPLC metodu kullanıldı. Metot tespit limitleri, ampisilin için 8 ?g/kg, amoksisilin için 8 ?g/kg; penisilin G için 6 ?g/kg ve kloksasilin için 11 ?g/kg olarak belirlendi. Ortalama geri kazanımlar % 67.7 ve % 76.6 arasında tespit edildi. Kromatografik metot ile elde edilen tespit limitleri, ampisilin, amoksisilin ve penisilin G için Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği maksimum kalıntı limitlerinin üzerinde saptandıÖğe Comparative physical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of films prepared by dissolving chitosan in bioactive vinegar varieties(Elsevier, 2023) Adimcilar, Veselina; Kalaycioglu, Zeynep; Akin-Evingur, Gulsen; Torlak, Emrah; Erim, F. BediaSolvent casting following the dissolution of chitosan in aqueous acetic acid is the most widely used method for preparing chitosan films. In this study, an economical and practical way is proposed to improve the physico-chemical properties of chitosan films by using vinegar varieties both as solvents and as bioactive additives to improve the properties of the films. Chitosan films were prepared by dissolving chitosan in pomegranate, grape, apple, and hawthorn vinegar. Vinegar contains bioactive phenolics and different organic acids together with acetic acid, depending on the main raw material from which it is obtained. The films' mechanical, optical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were compared with each other and with the chitosan film prepared by dissolving chitosan in acetic acid. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of chitosan films prepared with vinegar increased. The use of vinegar as a solvent increased the UV light barrier properties of the films. Improved antimicrobial, antioxidant, optical, and elastic properties of films prepared by dissolving chi-tosan in vinegar varieties are promising in applications of these films as potential and economic food packaging materials.Öğe A Cost-Efficient and Simple Plant Oil DNA Extraction Protocol Optimized for DNA-Based Assessment of Product Authenticity(Springer, 2018) Uncu, Ayse Ozgur; Torlak, Emrah; Uncu, Ali TevfikDNA-based assays offer precision in ascertaining the species/cultivar origin of agro-food products. Yet, obtaining DNA of sufficient quality and quantity is the main challenge while performing DNA-based food authentication analyses. The aim of the present work was to standardize a cost-efficient, easy-to-apply, yet effective plant oil DNA isolation protocol that allows reliable downstream PCR-based analyses. Because capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation of species/cultivar discriminating genomic fragments is a widely adopted approach in food genomics, a CE system was utilized in order to assess the performance of the proposed cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-based protocol. A plastid intergenic spacer and a nuclear olive gene were used as targets in order to evaluate the amplificability of DNA extracted with the CTAB-based protocol. The plastid barcode not only allowed assessing the reproducibility of PCR amplifications from the extracted oil DNA samples (olive, hazelnut, corn, rapeseed, cottonseed, and soybean oils) but also proved successful in discriminating all tested oil crop species based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Moreover, the barcode assay proved successful in correctly identifying the tested olive oil: cottonseed oil blends as admixtures of the two oil species. Thus, it was also feasible to demonstrate the potential of the barcode sequence as a discriminatory analyte to detect adulteration in plant oils. In addition, application of a CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) assay designed to genotype a nuclear SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) marker resulted in the successful identification of the two single-cultivar olive oils included in the study. As a result of the present work, it was feasible to standardize a reliable and cost-efficient DNA extraction protocol that works well with both unrefined (olive and hazelnut) and refined (corn, rapeseed, cottonseed, and soybean) oils.Öğe Disinfection of polyvinyl siloxane impression material by gaseous ozone(Mosby-Elsevier, 2018) Celebi, Hakki; Buyukerkmen, Emine Begum; Torlak, EmrahStatement of problem. Impression materials must be disinfected to avoid cross-contamination before they are sent to the dental laboratory. However, whether aqueous state disinfectants affect material wettability is unclear. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacy of gaseous ozone and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in disinfecting light-body consistency hydrophilized polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression specimens inoculated with a cocktail of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. The effect of both disinfectants on the wettability of the material was also evaluated on uninoculated specimens. Material and methods. Disk-shaped specimens (N=140) were subjected to the either gaseous ozone or NaOCl for up to 30 minutes at room temperature. In the ozone group, the specimens were ozonated under a continuous stream of gaseous ozone at a concentration of 12.8 mg/L, while the specimens in the NaOCl group were immersed into 0.5% NaOCl solution. Reductions in the size of the bacterial population at the end of the exposure times were determined by the plate count technique. The contact angle measurements on the impression surface were used to determine the wettability of the specimens. Results. were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test (P=.05). Results. The material exposed to both disinfectants for 30 minutes demonstrated a reduction in the number of bacteria of up to more than 3 log. The contact angle of water on the material increased significantly (P<.001) after only 5 minutes of contact with the NaOCl solution. However, the treatment with gaseous ozone for 30 minutes resulted in a reduced contact angle (P<.001). Conclusions. Gaseous ozone treatment was identified as a promising method of disinfecting polymerized PVS impression materials because of its positive effect on the wettability of the material.Öğe Effect of Tween 80 on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Production by Lactobacillus Strains in Reconstituted Skim Milk Powder(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2016) Torlak, Emrah; Yalcin, Suzan; Erci, FatihIn this study, three conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-producing strains of Lactobacillus were cultured up to 36 in reconstituted skim milk powder (10%) supplemented with 2000 mu g/ml of free linoleic acid (LA) and various concentrations of Tween 80. During the incubation, total CLA levels in the culture supernatants were determined by UV-spectrophotometry. The CLA levels significantly (P<0.05) increased with the addition of 5 and 20 mg/ml Tween 80. However, increasing Tween 80 concentration from 20 to 40 mg/ml did not appear to enhance CLA levels. Similar increase patterns were observed in the growth rate and CLA production of Lactobacillus strains during the incubation.Öğe Effect of Tween 80 on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Productionby Lactobacillus Strains in Reconstituted Skim Milk Powder(2016) Torlak, Emrah; Yalçın, Suzan; Erci, FatihBu çalışmada üç adet konjuge linoleik asit (KLA) üreten Lactobacillus suşu 2000 µg/ml linoleik asit (LA) ve çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda Tween 80 ilave edilmiş rekonstitüe yağsız süt tozu (%10) içinde 36 saate kadar kültüre edilmiştir. İnkübasyon boyunca kültür süpernatantlarında toplam KLA düzeyleri UV-spektrofotometre ile tespit edilmiştir. KLA düzeyleri 5 ve 20 mg/ml Tween 80 ilavesi ile önemli (P0.05) seviyede artmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Tween 80 konsantrasyonunun 20 mg/ml'den 40 mg/ml'ye arttırılması KLA düzeyinde bir artışa neden olmamıştır. İnkübasyon esnasında Lactobacillus suşlarının gelişme hızı ve KLA üretimlerinde benzer artış oranları gözlenmiştir.Öğe Effect of ultrasonic treatment on reduction of Esherichia coli ATCC 25922 and egg quality parameters in experimentally contaminated hens' shell eggs(Wiley, 2013) Sert, Durmus; Aygun, Ali; Torlak, Emrah; Mercan, EminBackround In this study, hen eggs which were experimentally contaminated with Esherichia coli ATCC 25922 were used. Contaminated eggs were washed statically (S5 to S30; 0 kHz) and by ultrasonic waves (U5 to U30; 35 kHz) for given applications of time (5, 15 and 30 min), then the eggs were stored at 22 degrees C for 14 days. Results Depending on the time of ultrasonic application, a significant increase in egg shell strength (P < 0.01) was recorded. The highest value of the Haugh unit (67.93, 1 day) was observed on the eggs which were washed by ultrasonic waves. Yolk width values of ultrasonic washed eggs diminished. E. coli was completely removed by 30 min of ultrasonic application. During storage E. coli growth was not detected on the eggs which were washed by ultrasonic waves except the eggs in U5 group (2.04 log CFU eggshell(-1)) on the first day of storage. Conclusion Depending on the time of ultrasonic application a significant increase in egg quality parameters (shell strength, albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk height) were observed. The application of ultrasound led to a significant reduction in E. coli numbers on egg shells. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical IndustryÖğe Effect of Yucca schidigera Spraying in Different Litter Materials on Some Litter Traits and Breast Burn of Broilers at the Fifth Week of Production(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2013) Onbasilar, Esin Ebru; Erdem, Evren; Unal, Necmettin; Kocakaya, Afsin; Torlak, EmrahThis study was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of Yucca schidigera spraying in different litter materials on some litter traits (moisture, pH, ammonia, total colony count, number of Enterobacteriaceae and number of yeast and mold) and breast burn of broilers at the 5th week of production. A total of four hundred thirty two 1-d-old male broiler chicks (ROSS-308) were used. In this study 12 chicks were put in each pen having 170x94x90 cm (depth x length x height). Half of the litter was wood shavings, the other was rice hull. Yucca schidigera extract was pulverized weekly at the level of 0, 4% and 8% to each pen from the second week of the study. Litter materials and Yucca schidigera spraying at different level did not affect the examined litter traits and breast burns of broilers (P>0.05) at the 5th week of production.Öğe Efficacy of Gaseous Ozone Against Paenibacillus Larvae Spores on Hive Materials(2018) Torlak, Emrah; Işık, Mehmet KürşatAmerican Foulbrood (AFB) is a highly contagious bacterial honey bee disease caused by Paenibacillus larvae. The elimination of P. larvae spores from contaminated hives is a key factor to achieve the long-term success in AFB control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gaseous ozone in inactivating the P. larvae spores on wooden and plastic hive materials. Untreated pinewood and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were chosen as representatives for the hive materials. Pinewood and PVC sticks inoculated with a spore cocktail of three P. larvae strains were treated up to 120 min with two different constant concentrations of gaseous ozone (9.8 and 17.1 mg/L) at room temperature. Ozonation at 17.1 mg/L for 120 min yielded over the 4 log reduction in the counts of spores on PVC sticks. Whereas, reduction of 2.3 log was obtained on pinewood sticks under the same experimental conditions. Reductions achieved in the levels of P. larvae spores on PVC sticks after 90 and 120 min of ozonation were significantly (p0.05) higher than those on pinewood sticks. Our results suggest that gaseous ozone treatment is a promising candidate for the sterilization of plastic hives contaminated with P. larvae spores.Öğe Efficacy of gaseous ozone against Salmonella and microbial population on dried oregano(Elsevier, 2013) Torlak, Emrah; Sert, Durmus; Ulca, PelinInterest in potential food applications of ozone has expanded in recent years in response to consumer demands for green technologies. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of gaseous ozone for the microbial reduction and elimination of Salmonella on dried oregano. Ozone treatment was performed up to 120 min under continuous stream of two different constant ozone concentrations (2.8 and 5.3 mg/L). Significant (P < 0.05) reductions of 2.7 and 1.8 log were observed in aerobic plate counts and yeast and. mold counts after ozonation at 2.8 mg/L for 120 min, respectively. Ozonation performed at 5.3 mg/L for 90 min yielded a reduction of over 3.2 log in the aerobic plate counts. Initial population of a cocktail of Salmonella serotypes (S. Typhimurium, S. Newport and S. Montevideo) on inoculated oregano determined as 5.8 log CFU/g decreased significantly by 2.8 and 3.7 log after ozonation at 2.8 and 5.3 mg/L for 120 mm, respectively. Sensory evaluation results suggested that over the 2 log reduction in the microbial population can be obtained on dried oregano by gaseous ozone treatments with an acceptable taste, flavor and appearance. The results demonstrated that the gaseous ozone treatment is an effective alternative microbial reduction technique for dried oregano. (C) 2013 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.
