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Öğe Accumulation of Micropollutants in Aqueous Media and Sediment, A Risk Assessment for Konya Main Drainage Channel, Turkey(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2019) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Beduk, Fatma; Ulvi, Arzu; Bahadir, MufitHuman activities increase types and numbers of synthetic pollutants and their byproducts in the course of time. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs), so called micropollutants, present in very low concentrations in aquatic ecosystem, but likely accumulate in animal and human tissues and cells because of fat solubility. These persistent micropollutants have toxic effects in very low concentrations and resistant to biodegradation. SOCs can be adsorbed to sediments in surface water sources, so sediments have an important role in the accumulation of water contaminants. In the course of time, sediments become source of new contamination for aqueous media. In this study, it is aimed to determine concentration of two groups of SOCs; organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) in wastewater, surface sediment and excavated sediment samples taken from Konya Main Drainage Channel (MDC) which takes the effluents of Konya Wastewater Treatment Plant and transports the treated wastewater to Salt Lake.Öğe Antibiotics in hospital effluents: occurrence, contribution to urban wastewater, removal in a wastewater treatment plant, and environmental risk assessment(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Ulvi, Arzu; Kilic, HavvaThe study presented the occurrence of antibiotics in 16 different hospital effluents, the removal of antibiotics in urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and the potential ecotoxicological risks of the effluent discharge on the aquatic ecosystem. The total concentration of antibiotics in hospital effluents was ranged from 21.2 +/- 0.13 to 4886 +/- 3.80ng/L in summer and from 497 +/- 3.66 to 322,735 +/- 4.58ng/L in winter. Azithromycin, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin were detected the highest concentrations among the investigated antibiotics. The total antibiotic load to the influent of the WWTP from hospitals was 3.46g/day in summer and 303.2g/day in winter. The total antibiotic contribution of hospitals to the influent of the WWTP was determined as 13% in summer and 28% in winter. The remaining 87% in summer and 72% in winter stems from the households. The total antibiotic removal by conventional physical and biological treatment processes was determined as 79% in summer, whereas it decreased to 36% in winter. When the environmental risk assessment was performed, azithromycin and clarithromycin in the effluent from the treatment plant in winter posed a high risk (RQ>10) for the aquatic organisms (algae and fish) in the receiving environment. According to these results, the removal efficiency of antibiotics at the WWTP is inadequate and plant should be improved to remove antibiotics by advanced treatment processes.Öğe Determination of antibiotics by SPE-LC-MS/MS in wastewater and risk assessment(Techno-Press, 2018) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet E.; Ulvi, Arzu; Kilic, HavvaIn this study, conditions of solid phase extraction (SPE) for determination of some antibiotics such as trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azythromycin, doxycycline, sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, chlortetracycline, sulfamethoxazole in wastewaters were optimized. After the optimum volume and pH of the sample were determined, the effect of the concentration of the compounds and matrix were investigated. The highest recovery rates for antibiotic compounds were determined between 82% and 105% in 200 mL sample volume and pH 2.5. Then, antibiotic compounds were investigated in influent and effluent samples taken from Konya Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant. The concentration of the antibiotics was detected range of 0.11-101 ng/L in influent waters andÖğe Determination of antibiotics by SPE-LC-MS/MS in wastewater and risk assessment(Techno-Press, 2018) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet E.; Ulvi, Arzu; Kilic, HavvaIn this study, conditions of solid phase extraction (SPE) for determination of some antibiotics such as trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azythromycin, doxycycline, sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, chlortetracycline, sulfamethoxazole in wastewaters were optimized. After the optimum volume and pH of the sample were determined, the effect of the concentration of the compounds and matrix were investigated. The highest recovery rates for antibiotic compounds were determined between 82% and 105% in 200 mL sample volume and pH 2.5. Then, antibiotic compounds were investigated in influent and effluent samples taken from Konya Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant. The concentration of the antibiotics was detected range of 0.11-101 ng/L in influent waters andÖğe Efficient Removal of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Sewage Treatment Plant Effluents Using Magnetite Nanoparticles Synthesized Red Mud(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2023) Aydin, Senar; Ulvi, Arzu; Beduek, Fatma; Aydin, Mehmet EminDue to the COVID-19 epidemic, the consumption of pharmaceuticals, especially paracetamol, has sharply increased on a global scale. The increasing concentration of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs (AAIDs) in the aquatic medium is a global problem for human and aquatic life. Therefore, simple and effective treatment options for removing AAIDs from wastewater after the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. The removal of AAIDs (acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, codeine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, and phenylbutazone) from sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents by the prepared magnetite nanoparticles synthesized from red mud (mNPs-RM) is presented for the first time in this study. The removal efficiencies of AAIDs onto mNPs-RM were determined to be between 90% (diclofenac) and 100% (naproxen, codeine, and indomethacin). Acetaminophen (paracetamol) was used as a model compound in kinetic and isotherm model studies. The adsorption of acetaminophen was matched well with the pseudo second order kinetic model. Film diffusion governed its rate mechanism. The Freundlich isotherm model preferably fitted the adsorption data with an adsorption capacity of 370 mg/g at 120 min contact time at pH 7.0 at 25 degrees C. Furthermore, the regenerated mNPs-RM were used four times without affecting the adsorption capacity and the magnetic separability. mNPs-RM can be used as a simple, inexpensive and effective adsorbent for removing AAIDs from STP effluents. Also, low cost adsorbent obtained from industrial waste could be employed to replace the high cost activated carbons for the adsorption of other micro pollutants in STP effluents.Öğe Fate of selected pharmaceuticals in hospital and municipal wastewater effluent: occurrence, removal, and environmental risk assessment(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Ulvi, Arzu; Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet EminThe concentrations and distribution of beta-blockers, lipid regulators, and psychiatric and cancer drugs in the influent and effluent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the effluent of 16 hospitals that discharge into the wastewater treatment plant mentioned in this study at two sampling dates in summer and winter were examined. The pharmaceutical contribution of hospitals to municipal wastewater was determined. The removal of target pharmaceuticals was evaluated in a WWTP consisting of conventional biological treatment using activated sludge. Additionally, the potential environmental risk for the aquatic receiving environments (salt lake) was assessed. Beta-blockers and psychiatric drugs were detected in high concentrations in the wastewater samples. Atenolol (919 ng/L) from beta-blockers and carbamazepine (7008 ng/L) from psychiatric pharmaceuticals were detected at the highest concentrations in hospital wastewater. The total pharmaceutical concentration determined at the WWTP influent and effluent was between 335 and 737 ng/L in summer and between 174 and 226 ng/L in winter. The concentrations detected in hospital effluents are higher than the concentrations detected in WWTP. The total pharmaceutical contributions from hospitals to the WWTP in summer and winter were determined to be 2% and 4%, respectively. Total pharmaceutical removal in the WWTP ranged from 23 to 54%. According to the risk ratios, atenolol could pose a high risk (risk quotient > 10) for fish in summer and winter. There are different reasons for the increase in pharmaceutical consumption in recent years. One of these reasons is the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been going on for 2 years. In particular, hospitals were operated at full capacity during the pandemic, and the occurrence and concentration of pharmaceuticals used for the therapy of COVID-19 patients has increased in hospital effluent. Pandemic conditions have increased the tendency of people to use psychiatric drugs. It is thought that beta-blocker consumption has increased due to cardiovascular diseases caused by COVID-19. Therefore, the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals for aquatic organisms in hospital effluent should be monitored and evaluated.Öğe Monitoring and ecological risk of illegal drugs before and after sewage treatment in an area(Springer, 2022) Aydin, Senar; Ulvi, Arzu; Aydin, Mehmet EminIn this study, the occurrence of illicit drugs and their metabolites in the sewerage systems and in the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Konya, Turkey, was presented. The drug removal efficiencies of the central WWTP were investigated. Potential ecotoxicological risks for algae, fish, and Daphnia magna in the receiving environments were also evaluated. The highest estimated mean illicit drug use was obtained for cannabis (marijuana) at 280 +/- 12 mg/day/1000 inhabitants and 430 +/- 20 g/day/1000 inhabitants (15-64 years). Amphetamine was found to be the second most consumed drug of abuse. While cannabis and ecstasy consumption values were higher during the weekend, cocaine use dominated on weekdays. The removal efficiencies for THC-COOH and THC-OH were 100% in the WWTP. The average removal of cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, MDA, and methadone varied between 46 +/- 7 and 87 +/- 3%. The maximum concentration level of MDMA found can pose some low risk for Daphnia magna. The rest of the compounds detected in effluents did not show any toxic effects on fish, Daphnia magna, or algae. However, when the cumulative estimated risk quotient values were evaluated, there might be a low risk for Daphnia magna and algae in the receiving environment.Öğe Monitoring the release of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in the receiving environment(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Ulvi, ArzuThe occurrence of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals (AIAPs) in the effluents of 16 hospitals, influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), the contribution and mass load of each hospital to WWTP influent, and the removal efficiencies in WWTP were investigated. Environmental risk was also evaluated by toxicity tests using organisms from three different trophic levels. Acetaminophen had the highest concentration in summer and winter samples, followed by ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and naproxen. The total daily load of AIAPs detected in influent of WWTP was 1677 mg/day/1000 inhabitants in summer and 5074 mg/day/1000 inhabitants in winter. The contribution of 16 hospitals to the total AIAP load in influent of WWTP was 11.30% in summer and 7.09% in winter. The highest mass loads were calculated as 203 mg/bed.day in general hospital in summer and 300 mg/bed.day in pediatric hospital in winter. The removal efficiencies of AIAPs in WWTP ranged between 13% and 100% in summer and 0.88% and 99% in winter. WWTP is not sufficient to remove all the AIAPs. Diclofenac (in summer), mefenamic acid, indomethacin, and phenylbutazone exhibited poor removal below 50%. The effluents of the WWTP exhibited a low risk for fish and Daphnia magna and an insignificant risk for algae.Öğe The Occurrence of Haloacetic Acids and Dalapon in Bottled Waters and an Assessment of Their Health Risk(Mdpi, 2023) Ulvi, ArzuWhile disinfection ensures the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, the disinfectant substances used react with some organic and inorganic substances in water, causing the formation of disinfection by-products. Some disinfection by-products have been classified as carcinogenic by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Haloacetic acids are one of the disinfection byproduct groups that have been detected in drinking water and are carcinogenic. It is commonly believed that bottled water, which is being increasingly consumed worldwide, does not contain environmental pollutants. For this reason, research on bottled water is limited. In this study, the amount of 9 haloacetic acids and dalapon were investigated in 28 different branded bottled water samples collected from a market. As a result of the study, the total haloacetic acid concentrations were found to be from 2.13 to 7.56 mu g/L, and the dalapon concentration was < detection limit-12.47 mu g/L. At least three different haloacetic acids were detected in each sample analyzed. It was determined that the threshold values given by the EPA and the World Health Organization (WHO) were not exceeded. It has been observed that bottled waters, which are generally considered to be of higher quality than mains water, contain haloacetic acids and dalapon at low concentrations. A health risk assessment was performed for dalapon and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). A low non-carcinogenic risk and tolerable carcinogenic risk were determined. Care should be taken to counter the negative health effects of HAAs and dalapon.Öğe Organohalogenated pollutants in raw and UHT cow's milk from Turkey: a risk assessment of dietary intake(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Beduk, Fatma; Ulvi, ArzuIn this study, health risk of human exposure to organohalogenated pollutants (OHPs) through milk consumption was determined. Conventionally produced, unprocessed cow's milk samples taken from Konya District, in Turkey, and 15 different brand ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processed cow's milk samples taken from supermarkets of Turkey were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, -, -, -, and -HCHs, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDT, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, aldrin + dieldrin, methoxychlor), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, PCB 28, 52, 101, 153, 138, and 180), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, PBDE 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154 congeners). Estimated daily intake (EDI) values calculated for both adults and children consuming raw or UHT milk were determined to exceed maximum residue limits (MRLs) set for -HCH, Sigma Heptachlor, and endrin. EDI values also exceeded admissible daily intake (ADI) values given for Sigma HCH, Sigma Heptachlor, Sigma Endrin aldrin + dieldrin, and Sigma PCBs. p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE ratio was 1 or higher for 66% of the milk samples, which is an indication of sustaining illegal use of DDT. A health risk is determined for dietary intake of OHPs via consumption of milk.Öğe Persistent Organic Pollutants in Sewage Sludge: Occurrence, Temporal Concentration Variation and Risk Assessment for Sewage Sludge Amended Soils(Korean Society Of Civil Engineers-Ksce, 2023) Beduk, Fatma; Aydin, Senar; Ulvi, Arzu; Aydin, Mehmet EminIn this study, the occurrences, temporal concentration variations and ecotoxicological risks were determined for 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); 7 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 18 selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the anaerobically digested sewage sludge samples obtained from a conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Konya, Turkey. Flowrate of the evaluated WWTP was 200,000 m(3)/day, with the production of 140 tons/day treated sewage sludge. Total 18 PAHs were in the range of 1,203 - 17,599 & mu;g/kg of dry matter (dm); total PCBs were in the range of 51.26 - 561.37 & mu;g/kg dm, and total OCPs were in the range of 4.90 - 13.11 & mu;g/kg dm. The highest concentrations were determined for fluoranthene among PAHs, with 2445 & mu;g/kg dm, PCB118 congener with 514 & mu;g/kg dm, and & delta;-HCH among OCPs with 2.44 & mu;g/kg dm. Considering the average daily production amounts of treated sludge, the highest mass loads were 1,785 g/day for total PAHs; 79 g/day for total PCBs; and 1 - 2 g/day for total OCPs, while the annual mass load was estimated to be approximately 7.3 kg. An ecotoxicological risk assessment was performed by estimation of risk quotients (RQs). High risk for soil ecosystem was identified due to PAHs and PCBs ingredient of sludge, while lower risk was determined for OCPs compounds. The highest RQ values were determined for pyrene (RQ: 1337) among PAHs, PCB118 congener (RQ: 7608), and & gamma;-HCH (RQ: 5.23) among OCPs. Findings of this study show that sewage sludge can be an important source in the spread of persistent pollutants to the environment, and may pose a risk for soil ecosystem.Öğe Pharmaceutical residues in digested sewage sludge: Occurrence, seasonal variation and risk assessment for soil(Elsevier, 2022) Aydin, Senar; Ulvi, Arzu; Beduk, Fatma; Aydin, Mehmet EminThe occurrences, temporal variations and ecotoxicological risks of 38 selected pharmaceuticals from 7 therapeutic classes (i.e. antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, beta-blockers, lipid regulators, anticancer agents, and psychiatric drugs) have been observed in the anaerobically treated sludge of the urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Konya, Turkey. Sampling was carried out to assess the seasonal variations in one year. The total daily wastewater flow rate of the WWTP was approximately 200,000 m(3)/day, and 140 tons/day of treated sludge were produced. The total concentrations of all pharmaceutical compounds ranged from 280 to 4898 mu g/kg of dry matter (dm). The dominant therapeutic class was analgesics and anti-inflammatories (49%), which was followed by antibiotics (31%). Clarithromycin and azithromycin were the most abundant compounds, with concentrations of 1496 mu g/kg dm. The total daily pharmaceutical load in the treated sludge was as high as 1.002 kg/day in the winter season, while the annual pharmaceutical mass load that was discharged into the environment was estimated to be approximately 71.6 kg. The use of treated sludge as fertilizer in agricultural lands causes continuous contamination of the terrestrial environment by pharmaceuticals. Five antibiotics (i.e., azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline), one analgesic (acetylsalicylic acid) and one beta-blocker (atenolol) in the digested sludge pose acute and short chronic high risks to environment. The highest short chronic risk in the digested sludge amended soils was determined for azithromycin (RQ: 54.9). To reduce the potential environmental impact of pharmaceuticals, digested sludge should be monitored in terms of the pharmaceutical contents before being applied to soil.Öğe Removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution by using magnetic Fe3O4/red mud-nanoparticles(Elsevier Science Bv, 2019) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Beduk, Fatma; Ulvi, ArzuIn this study, the availability of magnetically separable Fe3O4-red mud nanoparticles (Fe3O4-RM-NPs) for the removal of antibiotics from wastewater was investigated. Disadvantages of red mud and Fe3O4 because of difficult separation from aqueous media, agglomeration, and iron leaching were overcome by combining these two materials. After examinating adsorption capability of magnetic Fe3O4-RM-NPs for all studied antibiotic compounds, the experiments were performed by using Ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) as a model compound. Batch experiments were performed to determine the effect of red mud content of synthesized Fe3O4-RM-NPs, pH, reaction time and temperature on the proposed method. The surface morphology, magnetic properties, crystalline structure, thermal stability and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area of the synthesized Fe3O4-RM-NPs were determined. The saturation magnetization of Fe 3 0 4 -RM-NPs was determined to be 12.2 emu/g, which is efficient to separate adsorbent from water by using a conventional magnet. For the efficient removal of CIPRO from aqueous media optimum conditions were determined to be 1.5 g red mud for Fe3O4-RNI-NPs synthesize, pH 6.0, reaction time 60 min, 3 g/L Fe3O4-RM-NPs dosage at 25 degrees C. Adsorption was fitted well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data were found to be better represented by Freundlich isotherm. n value was 4.32, and K-F value was 110.15 mg/g for Freundlich isotherm. No important matrix effect was determined for removal of CIPRO from wastewater sample. Film diffusion mechanism controlled adsorption. Magnetically separable Fe3O4-RM-NPs are proposed to be used as efficient adsorbent to remove antibiotics from wastewater sources. Since red mud is a process waste, proposed nanomaterial is a good alternative to commercial adsorbents. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Simple and effective removal of psychiatric pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plant effluents by magnetite red mud nanoparticles(Elsevier, 2021) Aydin, Senar; Beduk, Fatma; Ulvi, Arzu; Aydin, Mehmet EminPsychological disorders due to the COVID-19 pandemic have increased the consumption of psychiatric pharmaceuticals on a global scale in last year. These compounds reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) through sewerage system and are not sufficiently removed by using conventional treatment process. Psychiatric drugs released with WWTP effluent may cause possible risks to the receiving aquatic environment. Also, two antidepressants have been included in the watch list in 2020. Therefore, simple and relatively cost effective removal of psychiatric drugs from wastewaters becomes important. Magnetite red mud nanoparticles (RM-NPs) synthesized was applied for the removal of psychiatric drugs (fluoxetine, paroxetine, carbamazepine, diazepam, and lorazepam) in WWTP effluent first time in this study. The adsorption of carbamazepine as a model compound was fitted well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Freundlich isotherm model better represented the sorption data than the Langmuir model. High adsorption capacity (90.5 mg/g) was reached at 30 min contact time at pH 6.5-7.0 at 25 degrees C. The adsorption rate was described by the pseudo second order model and its rate control mechanism was controlled by film diffusion. The magnetite RM-NPs were efficiently used for the removal of carbamazepine from real WWTP effluents. The adsorption capacity and the magnetic separability of the regenerated magnetite RM-NPs were unaffected five cycles. Due to its simple application, low cost and high adsorption capacity, magnetite RM-NPs can be recommended as a better adsorbent comparing to commercial adsorbents to remove psychiatric drugs from WWTP effluents. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
