Temettuat defterlerine göre 19. yüzyılda Sonisa kazası
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
15. ve 16. yüzyılda Osmanlı imparatorluğunda Tahrir defterleri ekonomik iktisadi ve sosyal konularda temel bilgi kaynaklarını oluşturur. Tahrir defteri tutma geleneği Osmanlıdan önce birçok millet ve devlette görülmüş, sistem ve düzeni 14. yy başlarında kuran Osmanlı Devleti de bu geleneği devam ettirmiştir. Bu defterlerde Osmanlı toprakları kaza, köy ve nahiye şeklinde incelenmiş, ekonomik sosyal başlıklar altında sıralanmıştır. Çalışmamız olan Temettuat defterleri ise Osmanlı devletinde yenileşme hareketleri sonucunda ortaya çıkmış, devlet içerisinde artık kısırlaşan vergi sistemine çözüm aramakla birlikte üretimi ve ekonomiyi detaylıca düzenleme amacı taşımıştır. 19. yüzyılda Tanzimat ile uygulanmaya başlanan bu yeni kayıt biçiminde kaza merkezlerinin nüfusu uğraşları ekonominin üretimin nitelikleri, aile ve soy bilgileri detaylıca yer almıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda seçtiğimiz yer Sonisa kazasıdır. Sonisa mevki olarak bugün Amasya-Tokat-Samsun üçgeninde bulunmakla beraber asıl konumu Tokat Erbaa ve Amasya Taşova sınırlarındadır. Bugünkü adı Uluköy dür. Çalışmamızın sonunda kısmi bir haritası da bulunmaktadır. Kaynak alınan belgeler ve bunların numaraları çalışmamızda belirtilmiştir. Sonisa bölge olarak Kuzey Anadolu’ya yakın KAF üzerinde Yeşilırmak nehrinin kollarının oluşturduğu ve beslediği iki temel ovası vardır: Taşova ve Suluova Türkiye’nin 21 coğrafi alt bölgesinden Orta Karadeniz bölgesi içerisinde yer almasına rağmen Canik Dağlarının batısına düşer ki bu bölüm Karadeniz bölgesinin en alçak bölümüdür. İklim ve yer şekilleri olarak Karadeniz bölgesinin özellikleri görülmekle beraber karasallık etkilidir. Kaza geneli Müslüman yerleşkesi olsa da gayrimüslimlerin ikamet ettiği ya da iskân ettirildiği köyler de vardır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamız genelde Temettuat defterlerine göre Sonisa kazası, özelde nüfus ve ekonomisi üzerine olacaktır.
In the Ottoman Empire during the 15th and 16th centuries, the Tahrir registers, which is the empire’s source of revenue through periodic registers, constituted fundamental sources of information on economic, fiscal, and social matters. The tradition of maintaining Tahrir registers had been observed in many nations and states prior to the Ottoman Empire, but the Ottoman state systematically adopted this tradition in the early 14th century. Within these registers, Ottoman territories were scrutinized in terms of districts, villages, and sub-districts, and information was collected under economic and social headings. The "Temettuat" registers, which we address in our study, emerged as a result of reform movements within the Ottoman state. These registers contain detailed information aimed at coping with the dysfunctional tax system and better organizing production and the economy of the district. With the Tanzimat period beginning in the 19th century, a new registration format was introduced. In this registration format populations, occupations, production qualities of the economy, and detailed family and lineage information of the centers are recorded in detail. In this context, the location we have chosen for our study is the district of Sonisa. Although Sonisa is located within the triangle of Amasya-Tokat-Samsun today, its actual location is within the boundaries of Erbaa in Tokat and Taşova in Amasya. It is now known as Uluköy. At the end of our study, there is also a partial map of the district available. The used sources and their numbers are indicated in our study. Sonisa is located on the North Anatolian Fault, close to northern Anatolia. It has two basic plains formed and fed by the branches of the Yeşilırmak River. These are Taşova and Suluova. Although it is located in the central Black Sea region, one of the 21 geographical sub-regions of Turkiye, it remains in the west of the Canik Mountains. This west part is the lowest part of the Black Sea region. The characteristics of the Black Sea region in terms of climate and landforms are seen in this area. At the same time, the continentality is also effective in this area. Although the majority of the township is a Muslim settlement, there are also villages where non Muslims populate or are settled. According to the Temettuat Registers, this study is about the township of Sonisa in general, and specifically its population and economy.
In the Ottoman Empire during the 15th and 16th centuries, the Tahrir registers, which is the empire’s source of revenue through periodic registers, constituted fundamental sources of information on economic, fiscal, and social matters. The tradition of maintaining Tahrir registers had been observed in many nations and states prior to the Ottoman Empire, but the Ottoman state systematically adopted this tradition in the early 14th century. Within these registers, Ottoman territories were scrutinized in terms of districts, villages, and sub-districts, and information was collected under economic and social headings. The "Temettuat" registers, which we address in our study, emerged as a result of reform movements within the Ottoman state. These registers contain detailed information aimed at coping with the dysfunctional tax system and better organizing production and the economy of the district. With the Tanzimat period beginning in the 19th century, a new registration format was introduced. In this registration format populations, occupations, production qualities of the economy, and detailed family and lineage information of the centers are recorded in detail. In this context, the location we have chosen for our study is the district of Sonisa. Although Sonisa is located within the triangle of Amasya-Tokat-Samsun today, its actual location is within the boundaries of Erbaa in Tokat and Taşova in Amasya. It is now known as Uluköy. At the end of our study, there is also a partial map of the district available. The used sources and their numbers are indicated in our study. Sonisa is located on the North Anatolian Fault, close to northern Anatolia. It has two basic plains formed and fed by the branches of the Yeşilırmak River. These are Taşova and Suluova. Although it is located in the central Black Sea region, one of the 21 geographical sub-regions of Turkiye, it remains in the west of the Canik Mountains. This west part is the lowest part of the Black Sea region. The characteristics of the Black Sea region in terms of climate and landforms are seen in this area. At the same time, the continentality is also effective in this area. Although the majority of the township is a Muslim settlement, there are also villages where non Muslims populate or are settled. According to the Temettuat Registers, this study is about the township of Sonisa in general, and specifically its population and economy.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sonisa, Erbaa, Taşova, Temettuat, Tahrir, Nüfus, Ekonomi, Population, Economy
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Zümbül, M. E. (2024). Temettuat defterlerine göre 19. yüzyılda Sonisa kazası. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
