Aile sağlığı merkezine başvuran ailelerde beslenme ve fiziksel aktivite durumları ile obezite arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amaç: Çocukluk çağı obezitesi için risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi; obezite nedeniyle ortaya çıkacak olan birçok hastalığın önlenmesi ve hayatın erken dönemlerinde alınacak tedbirlerin belirlenmesi için çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 6-18 yaş çocuğu olan ailelerin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile obezite durumları arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan araştırmanın evrenini, birinci basamağa başvuran 6-18 yaş çocuğu olan ebeveynler oluşturdu. Konya ili merkez ilçelerinden (Meram, Selçuklu, Karatay) seçilen toplam altı Aile Sağlığı Merkezi (ASM) belirlendi. Örneklem hacmi n=t2.p.q/d2 formülü kullanılarak hesaplandığında en az 325 kişinin çalışmaya dahil edilmesi planlandı. Katılımcılara yüz yüze uygulanan anket formu iki bölümden oluşmaktaydı. İlk bölümde, katılımcının çocuğa yakınlık derecesi sorulduktan sonra hem annenin hem de babanın demografik bilgileri (yaş, boy, kilo, eğitim durumu, kronik hastalık durumu) sorgulandı. İkinci bölümde ise Aile Beslenme ve Fiziksel Aktivite (ABFA) Ölçeği kullanıldı. Araştırma verileri Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versiyon 20.0 istatistik paket programında değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p<0,05 kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Verileri analiz edilen 338 anketin %85,5’i (n=289) anneler, %14,5’i (n=49) ise babalar tarafından cevaplandı. Katılımcıların ASM’ye birlikte başvurdukları çocuklarının yaş ortalaması 10,34±3,5 (min=6; maks=18) idi ve %53,8’i (n=182) erkekti. Çocukların vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) persentilleri değerlendirildiğinde %11,2’si (n=38) fazla kilolu, %10,7’si (n=36) obezdi. Annelerin yaş ortalaması 38,23±5,6 (min=24; maks=58) olup %18,9’u (n=64) obez, %33,1’i ( n=84) fazla kilolu idi. Babaların ise yaş ortalaması 41,13±6,1 (min=26; maks=61) olup, %18,6’sı (n=63) obez, %53,6’sı (n=181) fazla
kiloluydu. Babaların VKİ ortalaması annelerin VKİ ortalamasına göre daha yüksekti (p=0,036). Ebeveynlerin ABFA ölçeği toplam puanı 59,08±7,33 (min=37,maks=79) idi. Dokuz yaş ve altı çocuğu olanların ABFA ölçeği toplam puanı (60,34±7,29) on yaş ve üzeri çocuğu olanların puanından (57,75±7,16) daha yüksekti (p<0,001). Üniversite mezunu annelerin ABFA ölçeği toplam puanı (60,26±8,13) lise ve altı mezunu annelerin toplam puanından (58,27±6,63) daha yüksekti (p=0,014). Üniversite mezunu babaların ABFA ölçeği toplam puanı da (60,56±7,50) lise ve altı mezunu babaların toplam puanından (57,45±6,81) daha yüksekti (p<0,001). Zayıf-normal kilolu annelerin ABFA ölçeği toplam puanı (60,16±7,26) obez annelerin puanına (57,12±7,24) göre daha yüksekti (p=0,014). Geliri giderinden yüksek olan ailelerin fiziksel aktivite (13,57±2,60) ve hareketsiz davranış kısıtlama/ödüllendirme (11,90±1,97) alt boyutları puanları geliri giderinden düşük olanlardan (11,93±3,41;10,98±2,35) daha yüksekti (p=0,004;p=0,031). Geliri giderinden düşük olan ailelerin ise sağlıksız beslenme alışkanlıkları puanı (12,96±1,45), geliri giderinden yüksek olanlardan (12,23±1,74) daha yüksekti (p=0,01). Çocukların VKİ persentil sınıflamasıyla ABFA ölçeğinin toplam puanı ve alt boyutlarının puanları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). Ama ABFA ölçeği toplam puanı ile çocukların VKİ’leri arasında negatif yönde korelasyon bulundu (r=-0,209)(p<0,001). Çocukların VKİ ile anne ve babaların VKİ’leri arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon bulundu (r=0,204;r=0,133)(p<0,001;p=0,014).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada aile beslenme alışkanlıkları ve fiziksel aktivite alışkanlıklarının çocukluk çağı obezitesini etkilediği görüldü. Ebeveynlerin VKİ’nin çocukların VKİ arasında ilişki olduğu bulundu. Ayrıca ebeveynlerin gelir düzeyi ve eğitim seviyesinin çocukluk çağı obezitesini etkilediği görüldü. Ebeveyn davranışları yaşı daha küçük olan çocuklar üzerinde daha etkili olduğu bulundu. Aile çocukların yaşam tarzının şekillenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.
Aim: Determining the risk factors for childhood obesity is very important for the prevention of many diseases that will occur due to obesity and for determining the measures to be taken early in life. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the nutritional habits and physical activity levels of families with children aged 6-18 years and obesity status. Material and Method: The population of the cross-sectional and descriptive study consisted of parents with children aged 6-18 years who applied to the primary care centre. A total of six Family Health Centres (FHC) were selected from the central districts of Konya province (Meram, Selçuklu, Karatay). When the sample size was calculated using the formula n=t2.p.q/d2, it was planned to include at least 325 people in the study. The questionnaire form applied face-to-face to the participants consisted of two parts. In the first part, after asking the degree of closeness of the participant to the child, demographic information (age, height, weight, educational status, chronic disease status) of both mother and father were questioned. In the second part, the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) Scale was used. The data were evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 statistical package programme. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05. Results: Of the 338 questionnaires analysed, 85.5% (n=289) were answered by mothers and 14.5% (n=49) by fathers. The mean age of the children with whom the participants presented to the FHC was 10.34±3.5 years (min=6; max=18) and 53.8% (n=182) were male. When the body mass index (BMI) percentiles of the children were evaluated, 11.2% (n=38) were overweight and 10.7% (n=36) were obese. The mean age of the mothers was 38.23±5.6 years (min=24; max=58), 18.9% (n=64) were obese and 33.1% (n=84) were overweight. The mean age of the fathers was 41.13±6.1 years (min=26; max=61), 18.6% (n=63) were obese and 53.6% (n=181) were overweight. The mean BMI of fathers was higher than the mean BMI of mothers (p=0.036). The total score of the ABFA scale of the parents was 59.08±7.33 (min=37, max=79). The ABFA scale total score of children aged nine years and younger (60.34±7.29) was higher than that of children aged ten years and older (57.75±7.16) (p<0.001). The total score of the ABFA scale of university graduate mothers (60,26±8,13) was higher than the total score of high school and below graduate mothers (58,27±6,63) (p=0,014). The total score of the ABFA scale of fathers who graduated from university (60.56±7.50) was higher than the total score of fathers who graduated from high school and below (57.45±6.81) (p<0.001). The total score of the ABFA scale of underweight-normal weight mothers (60.16±7.26) was higher than that of obese mothers (57.12±7.24) (p=0.014). Physical activity (13,57±2,60) and sedentary behaviour restriction/reward (11,90±1,97) sub-dimensions scores of families with higher income were higher than those with lower income (11,93±3,41;10,98±2,35) (p=0,004;p=0,031). The unhealthy eating habits score (12,96±1,45) was higher in families with lower income than those with higher income (12,23±1,74) (p=0,01). There was no statistically significant difference between the BMI percentile classification of the children and ABFA scale total score and sub-dimension scores (p>0.05). However, a negative correlation was found between the total score of the ABFA scale and the BMI of the children (r=-0.209) (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the BMI of the children and the BMI of the mothers and fathers (r=0,204; r=0,133)(p<0,001;p=0,014). Conclusion: In this study, family eating habits and physical activity habits were found to affect childhood obesity. It was found that BMI of parents was correlated with BMI of children. In addition, parents' income level and education level were found to affect childhood obesity. Parental behaviours were found to be more effective on younger children. Family plays an important role in shaping the lifestyle of children.
Aim: Determining the risk factors for childhood obesity is very important for the prevention of many diseases that will occur due to obesity and for determining the measures to be taken early in life. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the nutritional habits and physical activity levels of families with children aged 6-18 years and obesity status. Material and Method: The population of the cross-sectional and descriptive study consisted of parents with children aged 6-18 years who applied to the primary care centre. A total of six Family Health Centres (FHC) were selected from the central districts of Konya province (Meram, Selçuklu, Karatay). When the sample size was calculated using the formula n=t2.p.q/d2, it was planned to include at least 325 people in the study. The questionnaire form applied face-to-face to the participants consisted of two parts. In the first part, after asking the degree of closeness of the participant to the child, demographic information (age, height, weight, educational status, chronic disease status) of both mother and father were questioned. In the second part, the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) Scale was used. The data were evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 statistical package programme. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05. Results: Of the 338 questionnaires analysed, 85.5% (n=289) were answered by mothers and 14.5% (n=49) by fathers. The mean age of the children with whom the participants presented to the FHC was 10.34±3.5 years (min=6; max=18) and 53.8% (n=182) were male. When the body mass index (BMI) percentiles of the children were evaluated, 11.2% (n=38) were overweight and 10.7% (n=36) were obese. The mean age of the mothers was 38.23±5.6 years (min=24; max=58), 18.9% (n=64) were obese and 33.1% (n=84) were overweight. The mean age of the fathers was 41.13±6.1 years (min=26; max=61), 18.6% (n=63) were obese and 53.6% (n=181) were overweight. The mean BMI of fathers was higher than the mean BMI of mothers (p=0.036). The total score of the ABFA scale of the parents was 59.08±7.33 (min=37, max=79). The ABFA scale total score of children aged nine years and younger (60.34±7.29) was higher than that of children aged ten years and older (57.75±7.16) (p<0.001). The total score of the ABFA scale of university graduate mothers (60,26±8,13) was higher than the total score of high school and below graduate mothers (58,27±6,63) (p=0,014). The total score of the ABFA scale of fathers who graduated from university (60.56±7.50) was higher than the total score of fathers who graduated from high school and below (57.45±6.81) (p<0.001). The total score of the ABFA scale of underweight-normal weight mothers (60.16±7.26) was higher than that of obese mothers (57.12±7.24) (p=0.014). Physical activity (13,57±2,60) and sedentary behaviour restriction/reward (11,90±1,97) sub-dimensions scores of families with higher income were higher than those with lower income (11,93±3,41;10,98±2,35) (p=0,004;p=0,031). The unhealthy eating habits score (12,96±1,45) was higher in families with lower income than those with higher income (12,23±1,74) (p=0,01). There was no statistically significant difference between the BMI percentile classification of the children and ABFA scale total score and sub-dimension scores (p>0.05). However, a negative correlation was found between the total score of the ABFA scale and the BMI of the children (r=-0.209) (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the BMI of the children and the BMI of the mothers and fathers (r=0,204; r=0,133)(p<0,001;p=0,014). Conclusion: In this study, family eating habits and physical activity habits were found to affect childhood obesity. It was found that BMI of parents was correlated with BMI of children. In addition, parents' income level and education level were found to affect childhood obesity. Parental behaviours were found to be more effective on younger children. Family plays an important role in shaping the lifestyle of children.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Obezite, Obesity, Aile, Family, Beslenme Alışkanlığı, Nutrition Habits, Fiziksel Aktivite, Physical Activity
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Göktaş, T. P. (2024). Aile sağlığı merkezine başvuran ailelerde beslenme ve fiziksel aktivite durumları ile obezite arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi) Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
