Ticari diplomasi ile ihracat ve uluslararası müteahhitlik hizmetleri ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İlkçağlarda Ortadoğu ülkeleri arasında ticaretin güvenliğini sağlamak
için anlaşmalar yapılmıştır. Eski Yunan şehir devletleri, Romalılar ve
Bizanslılar diplomasi uygulamalarına önemli katkılar yapmışlar, ilk daimi
büyükelçi ataması İtalyan şehir devletleri arasında yapılmış ve daha sonra
diğer Avrupa ülkelerine yayılmıştır. 19. yüzyılda, özellikle Viyana
Kongrelerinde diplomasiye dair bir takım yeni kurallar konmuştur. Yüzyılın
sonunda ise uluslararası sermaye akımı ve ticaretin artmasıyla ilk ticari
diplomat ataması gerçekleştirilmiş, ölçü, demiryolu ve posta taşımacılığı gibi
konularda uluslararası anlaşmalar imzalanmıştır. II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında
IMF, DTO, GATT, DB gibi uluslararası ekonomik kuruluşlar kurulmuştur.
1980 sonrasında küreselleşmenin hızlanmasıyla uluslararası ticaret, sermaye
akımı ve yatırım artışına bağlı olarak diploması faaliyetlerine STK’lar ve iş
dünyası da dâhil olmuştur. Türkiye’de 1925 yılında ilk defa ticaret müşaviri
ataması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ticari diplomasi faaliyetleri tarihsel süreçte
HDTM, DTM ve Ticaret Bakanlığı tarafından yürütülmüştür. 1970’li yıllarda
ilk yurt dışı müteahhitlik faaliyetleri başlamış, 1980 yılından sonra uygulanan
ekonomi politikalarıyla ihracat artmıştır. Türkiye’nin Ortadoğu, AB,
Balkanlar, Afrika ve Avrasya’ya yakınlığı ticaret ve müteahhitlikte önemli bir
avantaj sağlamaktadır. 2000’li yıllardaki özellikle 2008 yılındaki küresel kriz,
2010’lu yıllardaki petrol ve doğal gaz fiyatlarındaki düşüş ve Arap baharı gibi
nedenlerle her iki sektörü de daraltmıştır. Latin Amerika, Sahra Altı Afrika ve
Asya-Pasifik ülkeleri yeni pazarlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda atanan
ticaret müşavirleri bu bölgelerde iki sektör içinde ciddi olumlu katkılar
yapmıştır.Çalışmada ticaret müşaviri ataması sonrası her iki sektördeki olumlu
ilişki analiz edilmektedir. Literatür taraması yapılmış, ayrıca Ticaret Bakanlığı
ve TÜİK’ ten elde edilen veriler bölgesel ve ülke gruplarına göre analize tabi
tutulmuş, sonuçları grafiksel olarak gösterilmiştir.
In ancient times, Middle East countries concluded agreements among themselves in order to ensure security of trade flows. The ancient Greek citystates, Romans and Byzantines made siginificant contributions to the development of diplomacy practice. The first permanent diplomats were appointed among the Italian city states, subsequently this practice adopted by other European countries. In the 19th century, especially in Vienna Congresses, a number of new rules were introduced for diplomacy. At the end of the century, with the increase of international capital flow and trade, the first commercial diplomats were appointed to other countries, and international agreements, regarding international units of measurement, railway and postal transport had been signed. After the World War II, international economic organizations such as IMF, WTO, GATT and WB were established. In connection with increase in international trade, capital flows and investments, thanks to the acceleration of globalization after 1980s, NGOs and the business community started to get involved in diplomacy activities. In Turkey, for the first time appointment of commercial counsellors took place in 1925. Commercial diplomacy activities have been carried out by HDTM, DTM and Ministry of Commerce, chronologically. The first overseas contracting activities started in the 1970s and as a result of economic policies implemented after 1980, exports recorded considerable increases. Turkey’s proximity to the Middle East, EU, Balkans, Africa and Eurasian countries provides a very important advantage for both exports and contracting sectors. The global crisis in the 2000s, especially in 2008, drops in oil and natural gas prices in the 2010s, and the Arab spring caused contraction for both of the sectors. Latin America, sub- Saharan Africa and Asia-Pacific countries were identified as new target markets. In this context, commercial counselors posted in these regions made significant contributions for both of the sectors.In this study, the positive relationship between the appointment of commercial counsellors and increase in both of the two sectors is analyzed. In the study, after the literature review, data obtained from the Ministry of Commerce and TUİK are analyzed by regional and country groups, and the results are presented graphically.
In ancient times, Middle East countries concluded agreements among themselves in order to ensure security of trade flows. The ancient Greek citystates, Romans and Byzantines made siginificant contributions to the development of diplomacy practice. The first permanent diplomats were appointed among the Italian city states, subsequently this practice adopted by other European countries. In the 19th century, especially in Vienna Congresses, a number of new rules were introduced for diplomacy. At the end of the century, with the increase of international capital flow and trade, the first commercial diplomats were appointed to other countries, and international agreements, regarding international units of measurement, railway and postal transport had been signed. After the World War II, international economic organizations such as IMF, WTO, GATT and WB were established. In connection with increase in international trade, capital flows and investments, thanks to the acceleration of globalization after 1980s, NGOs and the business community started to get involved in diplomacy activities. In Turkey, for the first time appointment of commercial counsellors took place in 1925. Commercial diplomacy activities have been carried out by HDTM, DTM and Ministry of Commerce, chronologically. The first overseas contracting activities started in the 1970s and as a result of economic policies implemented after 1980, exports recorded considerable increases. Turkey’s proximity to the Middle East, EU, Balkans, Africa and Eurasian countries provides a very important advantage for both exports and contracting sectors. The global crisis in the 2000s, especially in 2008, drops in oil and natural gas prices in the 2010s, and the Arab spring caused contraction for both of the sectors. Latin America, sub- Saharan Africa and Asia-Pacific countries were identified as new target markets. In this context, commercial counselors posted in these regions made significant contributions for both of the sectors.In this study, the positive relationship between the appointment of commercial counsellors and increase in both of the two sectors is analyzed. In the study, after the literature review, data obtained from the Ministry of Commerce and TUİK are analyzed by regional and country groups, and the results are presented graphically.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
ticari diplomasi, diplomasi tarihi, ekonomi diplomasisi, Ortadoğu, Balkanlar, Sahra Altı Afrika, Latin Amerika, Orta Asya, Ortadoğu, Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Teşkilatı, Ekonomik İşbirliği Teşkilatı, İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı, Latin Amerika Açılımı, Afrika Açılımı, müteahhitlik sektörü, Commercial diplomacy, history of diplomacy, economic diplomacy, middle east, balkans, sub-saharan Africa, Latin America, Central Asia, the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Economic Coorperation Organization, Organization of Islamic Coorperation, Turkey’s opening up to Africa policy, Turkey’s opening up to Latin Amerca policy, contracting sector
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Can, M. (2020). Ticari diplomasi ile ihracat ve uluslararası müteahhitlik hizmetleri ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
