Otizmli Bireylerin Fiziksel Uygunluk Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı otizmli bireyler ve normal gelişim gösteren bireylerin fiziksel uygunluk düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması yapılarak Otizmli bireylerin Fiziksel uygunluk açısından ihtiyaçlarını belirlemektir. Ayrıca hem otizmli hem normal gelişim gösteren bireylerin erken ve orta ergenlik dönemlerinde fiziksel uygunluk farklarını belirlemektir. Araştırma tarama modellerinden kesitsel tarama modeli ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya Selçuklu Otizmli Bireyler Vakfında en az bir yıldır spor eğitimi alan 10-17 yaş arası 36 otizmli çocuk ve Konya ilinde spor yapmayan 10-17 yaş arası 37 normal gelişim gösteren toplamda 73 birey katılmıştır. Araştırmada NGG ile OSB’li bireyler fiziksel uygunluk açısından karşılaştırılmış olup her iki grubunda erken ergenlik ve orta ergenlik dönemi farkları karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada otizmli ve normal gelişim gösteren bireylerin fiziksel uygunluk değerlerinin belirlenmesi için New York Devlet Üniversitesi tarafından geliştirilen Brockport Fiziksel Uygunluk Testini kullanılmıştır. Her iki gruba da vücut kitle indeksi, skinfold (triceps+calf) yağ ölçümü, kas kuvveti için dominant el kavrama kuvveti, bir mil koş/yürü testi, esneklik yetileri için otur-eriş, gövde kaldırma, omuz germe testleri uygulanmıştır. Tüm istatistiksel analizlerde SPSS 21 paket program kullanılmıştır. Grup özelliklerini belirlemek için tanımlayıcı istatistik kullanılmıştır. Bağımsız gruplarda aritmetik ortalamalar arası farka ait t testi kullanılmıştır. Diğer ölçüm ise Non-Parametrik Mann Witney U testi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca gruplarda yüzdelik farka bakılmıştır anlamlılık seviyesi p 0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen bulgularda Normal gelişim gösteren bireylerde vücut kitle indeksi ortalaması 19,73 kg/m² , Otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan bireylerde ise 23,02 kg/m²’dir. Deri altı yağ ölçüm düzeyi (triceps+calf) ortalaması NGG bireylerde 31,99 mm OSB’li bireylerde ise 37,86 mm’dir. NGG bireylerin pençe kuvveti ölçüm düzeyi (sağ el + sol el) 51,39 kg OSB’li bireylerin ise 26,45 kg’dır. NGG bireylerde otur eriş ortalaması 17,41 cm, OSB’li bireylerde ise 31 cm’dir. NGG bireylerde gövde kaldırma ortalaması 27,24 cm, OSB’li bireylerde ise 20,46 cm’dir. NGG bireylerde uzun atlama ortalaması 132,22 cm, OSB’li bireylerde ise 56,08 cm’dir. NGG bireylerde bir mil koşu süresi ortalaması 11,76 dk, OSB’li bireylerde ise 15,26 dk’dır. Tüm bireylerde sağ omuz germe yapabilir yüzdesi 78,1 iken, sol omuz germe yapabilir yüzdesi 60,3’dür.Tüm bireylerde erken ergenlik dönemindekilerin omuz germe yüzdesi orta ergenlik dönemindekilere göre sağ omuzda 28,2, sol omuzda ise 16,7 daha yüksektir. Çalışma sonucu olarak otizmli bireylerin normal gelişim gösteren bireylerle aralarında fiziksel uygunluk açısından farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Her iki grubunda yaşa bağlı olarak boy uzunluğunda artış olduğunu ve otizmli çocukların boy ortalamalarının hem erken hem orta ergenlik döneminde normal gelişim gösteren yaşıtlarından yaklaşık 2 cm kısa olduğu bulunmuştur. Vücut ağırlığı, Vücut kitle indeksi ve skinfold ölçümlerine bakıldığında OSB’li bireylerin NGG bireylere göre daha kilolu ve daha yağlı olduğu bulunmuştur. İki grubunda sağ el kuvveti sol el kuvvetinden daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Ergenlik dönemleri karşılaştırıldığında sırt kuvveti, el kavrama kuvveti ve uzun atlama değerleri orta ergenlik döneminde, otur-eriş, gövde kaldırma ve bir mil koşu değerleri erken ergenlik döneminde daha yüksektir. Bu sonuçlar ışığında OSB’li bireylerin NGG bireylerden boylarının kısa vücut ağırlıklarının fazla ve VKİ değerlerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada Brockport testi değerleri OSB’li bireylerin tüm değerlerinin NGG bireylerden fiziksel olarak daha geride olduğunu göstermektedir.
Purpose of the present study is to compare the physical fitness levels of individuals with autism and the individuals displaying a normal development in order to determine the needs of individuals with autism in terms of physical fitness. In addition, the present study also aims to determine the differences between the individuals with autism and the individuals displaying a normal development in terms of physical fitness during their early and middle adolescence periods. The study conducted using the cross-sectional screening method. A total number of 73 individuals, comprising 36 children with autism between 10 and 17 years of age who had taken sports education for at least one year in Selçuklu Foundation for Individuals with Autism and 37 children with normal development who were between 10 and 17 years of age, lived in the province of Konya and were not engaged in any physical exercise, participated in the study. In the study, the individuals with normal development and the individuals with autism were compared in terms of their physical fitness, and the differences in the early adolescence and middle adolescence periods of both group were particularly compared. The Brockport Physical Fitness Test developed by the New York State University was used in order to determine the physical fitness values of the individuals with autism and individuals with normal development in the present study. The body mass index, skinfold (triceps + calves) fat measurement, grip strength test for the dominant hand for determining the muscle strength, one-mile run/walk test, the sit and reach test for flexibility competences, and shoulders stretching test were applied to both groups. The SPSS 21 package program was used in all statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics was employed in order to determine the characteristics of the groups. In independent groups, the t test for the difference between the arithmetic means was used. As another measurement, Non-Parametric Mann Whitney U test was used. Additionally, the percentage difference in the groups was examined by taking the significance level as p 0.05. Based on the findings obtained in the study, the mean body mass index was found to be 19.73 kg/m² in the children with normal development, and to be 23.02 kg/m² in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The mean subcutaneous fat measurement (triceps + calves) was found to be 31.99 mm in the children with normal development, and to be 37.86 mm in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The hand grip strength measurement (right hand + left hand) was found to be 51.39 kg in the children with normal development, and to be 26.45 kg in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The mean sit and reach measurement was found to be 17.41 cm in the children with normal development, and to be 31 cm in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The mean body raising measurement was found to be 27.24 cm in the children with normal development, and to be 20.46 cm in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The mean long jump measurement was found to be 132.22 cm in the children with normal development, and to be 56.08 cm in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The average one-mile run time was found to be 11.76 min. in the children with normal development, and to be 15.26 min. in the children with autism spectrum disorder. Among all participants of the study, the percentage of the ability to stretch the shoulder was found to be 78.1 for the right shoulder and 60.3 for the left shoulder. Among all participants of the study, the percentage of the ability to stretch the shoulder is higher in the individuals in the early adolescence period is higher than that in the individuals in the middle adolescence period by 28.2 for right shoulder and by 16.7 for the left shoulder. In early adolescence, the percentage of the ability to stretch the shoulder was found to be 88.9 for the right shoulder and 66.7 for the left shoulder. At the end of the study, it was found out that there were differences between the individuals with autism and the individuals with normal development in terms of physical fitness. An increase in height depending on the increase in the age was found in both groups, and it was also found that the mean height of the children with autism was shorter by about 2 cm compared to the children with normal development of the same age both in early and middle development periods. When the body weight, body mass index and skinfold measurements were examined, the children with autism were found to have more body weight and more body fat compared to the children with normal development. In both groups, the right hand strength was found to be higher compared to the left hand strength. When the two adolescence periods were compared with each other, the back strength, hand grip strength and long jump strength were found to be higher in the middle adolescence period, while the sit and reach, body raising and one-mile run values were found to be higher in the early adolescence period. In the light of the present results, it was determined that the individuals with autism were shorter and had more body weight compared to the individuals with normal development, and their body mass index was also higher. The values obtained using the Brockport tests showed that all values of the individuals with autism were physically behind those of the individuals with normal development.
Purpose of the present study is to compare the physical fitness levels of individuals with autism and the individuals displaying a normal development in order to determine the needs of individuals with autism in terms of physical fitness. In addition, the present study also aims to determine the differences between the individuals with autism and the individuals displaying a normal development in terms of physical fitness during their early and middle adolescence periods. The study conducted using the cross-sectional screening method. A total number of 73 individuals, comprising 36 children with autism between 10 and 17 years of age who had taken sports education for at least one year in Selçuklu Foundation for Individuals with Autism and 37 children with normal development who were between 10 and 17 years of age, lived in the province of Konya and were not engaged in any physical exercise, participated in the study. In the study, the individuals with normal development and the individuals with autism were compared in terms of their physical fitness, and the differences in the early adolescence and middle adolescence periods of both group were particularly compared. The Brockport Physical Fitness Test developed by the New York State University was used in order to determine the physical fitness values of the individuals with autism and individuals with normal development in the present study. The body mass index, skinfold (triceps + calves) fat measurement, grip strength test for the dominant hand for determining the muscle strength, one-mile run/walk test, the sit and reach test for flexibility competences, and shoulders stretching test were applied to both groups. The SPSS 21 package program was used in all statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics was employed in order to determine the characteristics of the groups. In independent groups, the t test for the difference between the arithmetic means was used. As another measurement, Non-Parametric Mann Whitney U test was used. Additionally, the percentage difference in the groups was examined by taking the significance level as p 0.05. Based on the findings obtained in the study, the mean body mass index was found to be 19.73 kg/m² in the children with normal development, and to be 23.02 kg/m² in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The mean subcutaneous fat measurement (triceps + calves) was found to be 31.99 mm in the children with normal development, and to be 37.86 mm in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The hand grip strength measurement (right hand + left hand) was found to be 51.39 kg in the children with normal development, and to be 26.45 kg in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The mean sit and reach measurement was found to be 17.41 cm in the children with normal development, and to be 31 cm in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The mean body raising measurement was found to be 27.24 cm in the children with normal development, and to be 20.46 cm in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The mean long jump measurement was found to be 132.22 cm in the children with normal development, and to be 56.08 cm in the children with autism spectrum disorder. The average one-mile run time was found to be 11.76 min. in the children with normal development, and to be 15.26 min. in the children with autism spectrum disorder. Among all participants of the study, the percentage of the ability to stretch the shoulder was found to be 78.1 for the right shoulder and 60.3 for the left shoulder. Among all participants of the study, the percentage of the ability to stretch the shoulder is higher in the individuals in the early adolescence period is higher than that in the individuals in the middle adolescence period by 28.2 for right shoulder and by 16.7 for the left shoulder. In early adolescence, the percentage of the ability to stretch the shoulder was found to be 88.9 for the right shoulder and 66.7 for the left shoulder. At the end of the study, it was found out that there were differences between the individuals with autism and the individuals with normal development in terms of physical fitness. An increase in height depending on the increase in the age was found in both groups, and it was also found that the mean height of the children with autism was shorter by about 2 cm compared to the children with normal development of the same age both in early and middle development periods. When the body weight, body mass index and skinfold measurements were examined, the children with autism were found to have more body weight and more body fat compared to the children with normal development. In both groups, the right hand strength was found to be higher compared to the left hand strength. When the two adolescence periods were compared with each other, the back strength, hand grip strength and long jump strength were found to be higher in the middle adolescence period, while the sit and reach, body raising and one-mile run values were found to be higher in the early adolescence period. In the light of the present results, it was determined that the individuals with autism were shorter and had more body weight compared to the individuals with normal development, and their body mass index was also higher. The values obtained using the Brockport tests showed that all values of the individuals with autism were physically behind those of the individuals with normal development.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Otizm, Ergenlik, Fiziksel uygunluk, Autism, Puberty, Physical fitness
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Akdoğan, A. S. (2022). Otizmli bireylerin fiziksel uygunluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
