Okul öncesi dönemde çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin ev kazalarına yönelik tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı okul öncesi dönemde çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin ev kazalarına
yönelik tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemek, bunları etkileyebilecek faktörleri incelemek ve
ebeveynlerin bu konudaki farkındalıklarını artırmaya yönelik etkinlikler için zemin
hazırlamaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışmanın evrenini 0-6 yaş arası çocuğu olan
ebeveynler oluşturdu. Katılımcılarla yüz yüze görüşme sağlanıp sözlü onamları alınarak anket
formları dolduruldu. Anket formu; sosyodemografik bilgi formu, ‘0-6 Yaş Çocuklarda Ev
Kazalarına Yönelik Güvenlik Önlemlerini Tanılama Ölçeği’ (EKYGÖTÖ) ve mutfakta
oluşabilecek 20 ev kazasını tanımlamalarını isteyen bir resimden oluşmaktaydı. p<0,05 değeri
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 300 katılımcının %59,0’u (n=177) anne ve ortalama yaşları
30,4±5,5 (min=20 maks=49) yıldı. Ebeveynlerin %53,7’si (n=161) halen çalışmakta, %37,6’sı
(n=113) yüksekokul/üniversite mezunu ve %4,7’sinin (n=14) çocukla ilgilenmesini
zorlaştıran bedensel/zihinsel/psikiyatrik engeli mevcut idi. Ailelerin %61,3’ünün (n=184)
geliri giderine eşitti. Çocukların çalışmanın yapıldığı sıradaki yaş ortalaması 35,7±23,0
(min=0 maks=72) ay, %52,7’si (n=158) kadın cinsiyetteydi. Katılımcıların %58,3’ünün
(n=175) çocuğunun daha önce ev kazası geçirdiği, bu çocukların %28,6’sının (n=50) kazayı
25-36 ay arası yaşta geçirdiği saptandı. Yaşanan en tehlikeli ev kazasının “başını sert/sivri bir
yere çarpma” olduğu (%20,0) ve en tehlikeli ev kazasının oturma odası/salonda (%34,9)
geçtiği belirlendi. Katılımcıların %47,0’si (n=141) çocuk ev kazalarının çoğunu bildiğini,
%76,3’ü (n=229) daha önce bu konuda eğitim/bilgi/uyarı aldığını, %75,1’i (n=172)
başkalarının tecrübelerinden yararlandığını belirtti. Katılımcıların evde en sık kullandıkları
güvenlik önlemi %69,0 (n=207) ile eşyaları duvara sabitlemekti.
Katılımcıların EKYGÖT ölçeğinden aldığı ortalama puan 159,6±20,9 (min=77
maks=200) idi. Annelerin ölçek puanı (166,50±16,14) babalarınkinden (149,68±23,05)
yüksekti (p=0,003). Lise mezunlarının güvenlik ölçeği puanı (151,42±23,22)
yüksekokul/üniversite mezunlarından (162,15±15,62) düşüktü (p=0,001). Çocukla
ilgilenmesini zorlaştıracak bedensel/zihinsel/psikiyatrik engeli olan ebeveynlerin ölçek puanı
(148,14±25,37) engeli olmayan ebeveynlerinkinden (160,16±20,60) düşüktü (p=0,037). Eşi
yüksekokul/üniversite mezunu olan ebeveynlerin aldığı puan (163,16±14,56) eşi lise mezunu
olanların puanından (155,78±23,71) yüksekti (p=0,020). Çocuğunda bakımını
zorlaştırabilecek hastalık olan katılımcıların puanı (166,66±12,47) hastalığı olmayanlardan
(158,05±22,10) yüksekti (p=0,001). Çocuğu çalışmanın yapıldığı sırada 0-12 ay arasında olan
ebeveynlerin puanı (150,88±22,56) 13-24 ay arasında olanlardan (164,85±16,90) ve 37-48 ay
arasında olanlardan (165,88±20,23) düşüktü (p=0,002; p=0,002). Daha önce bu konuda
eğitim/bilgi/uyarı “aldığını” belirten ebeveynlerin puanı (163,93±16,33) “almayanlardan”
(150,17±28,50) ve “hatırlamayanlardan” (139,46±24,78) yüksekti (p=0,000; p=0,000).
Ebeveynlerin mutfakta oluşabilecek ev kazaları görselinde en çok fark ettikleri %95,0
(n=285) ile “bıçağın çocuğun ulaşabileceği yerde olması”; en az fark ettikleri ise %11,7
(n=35) ile “çakmağın kolaylıkla ulaşılabilir yerde olması” idi.
Sonuç: Çalışma bulgularına göre babaların, eğitim düzeyi düşük olanların, geliri az olanların
ve 0-12 ay arasında çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin ev kazalarına yönelik güvenlik tedbirleri
hakkında bilgilerinin yetersiz olduğu görülmektedir. Ev kazaları önlenebilir bir sağlık
sorunudur. Bu kazaları engellemede ve kaza sonrası doğru uygulamaların yapılmasında
önceden verilecek danışmanlık önem arz eder. Nitekim ülkemizde Çocuk ve Ergen Sağlığı
Dairesi Başkanlığı’nca yürütülen Çocuk Güvenliğinin Sağlanması Programı’nın bir amacı da
birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin temelini oluşturan aile hekimlerine bu konuda yol
göstermek, gereken kaynakları oluşturmak ve böylece çocuklar için güvenli ortamların ve
davranış değişikliklerinin sağlanmasıdır. Program kapsamında halen multisektörel bir eylem
planı üzerinde çalışılmaktadır.
Aim: The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes and behaviors of parents with preschool children towards home accidents, to examine the factors that may affect these, and to prepare the ground for activities to increase parents' awareness on this issue. Methods: The population of this descriptive study consisted of parents with children aged 0-6. The participants were interviewed face to face and their verbal consent was obtained, and the survey forms were filled out. Survey form; The sociodemographic information form consisted of the 'Scale for Identification of Safety Measures for Home Accidents in Children aged 0-6' (EKYGÖTÖ) and a picture asking them to describe 20 home accidents that could occur in the kitchen. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 300 participants included in the study, 59.0% (n=177) were mothers with a mean age of 30.4±5.5 years (min=20 max=49). Currently, 53.7% of parents (n=161) are employed, 37.6% (n=113) have completed high school or university, and 4.7% (n=14) reported physical/mental/psychiatric disabilities that make caring for their child difficult. 61.3% of families (n=184) reported their income covering their expenses. The average age of the children at the time of the study was 35.7±23.0 months (min=0 max=72), with 52.7% (n=158) being female. 58.3% of participants (n=175) reported their child had experienced a home accident, with 28.6% of these accidents occurring between the ages of 25-36 months. The most common severe home accident was 'head hitting a hard/sharp object' (20.0%), with the living room being the most hazardous location (34.9%). 47.0% of participants (n=141) claimed to know most child home accidents, 76.3% (n=229) had received prior education/information/warnings on this topic, and 75.1% (n=172) had learned from others' experiences. The most commonly used safety measure at home was 'securing furniture to walls' 69.0% (n=207). The average score of the participants from the EKYGÖT scale was 159.6±20.9 (min = 77, max = 200). The scale score of mothers (166.50±16.14) was higher than that of fathers (149.68±23.05) (p=0.003). The security scale score of high school graduates (151.42±23.22) was lower than that of college/university graduates (162.15±15.62) (p=0.001). The scale score of parents with physical/mental/psychiatric disabilities that would make it difficult for them to care for the child (148.14±25.37) was lower than that of parents without disabilities (160.16±20.60) (p=0.037). The score of parents whose spouses were college/university graduates (163.16±14.56) was higher than the score of those whose spouses were high school graduates (155.78±23.71) (p=0.020). The score (166.66±12.47) of the participants whose child had a disease that could complicate their care was higher than that of those without the disease (158.05±22.10) (p=0.001). The score of parents whose children were between 0-12 months at the time of the study (150.88±22.56) was higher than that of those whose children were between 13-24 months (164.85±16.90) and those whose children were between 37-48 months (165.88±20, 23) was low (p=0.002; p=0.002). The score of parents who stated that they had received training/information/warning on this subject before (163.93±16.33) was higher than those who "did not receive" (150.17±28.50) and those who "did not remember" (139.46±24.78). (p=0.000; p=0.000). What parents notice most in the visual of home accidents that may occur in the kitchen is "the knife being within the child's reach" with a rate of 95.0% (n=285); What they noticed the least was "the lighter being easily accessible" with 11.7% (n=35). Conclusions: According to the study findings, it is seen that fathers, those with low education levels, those with low income and parents with children between the ages of 0-12 months have insufficient knowledge about safety measures for home accidents. Home accidents are a preventable health problem. Consultancy in advance is important in preventing these accidents and making the right practices after the accident. As a matter of fact, one of the aims of the Child Safety Ensuring Program carried out by the Department of Child and Adolescent Health in our country is to guide family physicians, who form the basis of primary health care, on this issue, to create the necessary resources and thus to provide safe environments and behavioral changes for children. A multisectoral action plan is currently being worked on within the scope of the program.
Aim: The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes and behaviors of parents with preschool children towards home accidents, to examine the factors that may affect these, and to prepare the ground for activities to increase parents' awareness on this issue. Methods: The population of this descriptive study consisted of parents with children aged 0-6. The participants were interviewed face to face and their verbal consent was obtained, and the survey forms were filled out. Survey form; The sociodemographic information form consisted of the 'Scale for Identification of Safety Measures for Home Accidents in Children aged 0-6' (EKYGÖTÖ) and a picture asking them to describe 20 home accidents that could occur in the kitchen. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 300 participants included in the study, 59.0% (n=177) were mothers with a mean age of 30.4±5.5 years (min=20 max=49). Currently, 53.7% of parents (n=161) are employed, 37.6% (n=113) have completed high school or university, and 4.7% (n=14) reported physical/mental/psychiatric disabilities that make caring for their child difficult. 61.3% of families (n=184) reported their income covering their expenses. The average age of the children at the time of the study was 35.7±23.0 months (min=0 max=72), with 52.7% (n=158) being female. 58.3% of participants (n=175) reported their child had experienced a home accident, with 28.6% of these accidents occurring between the ages of 25-36 months. The most common severe home accident was 'head hitting a hard/sharp object' (20.0%), with the living room being the most hazardous location (34.9%). 47.0% of participants (n=141) claimed to know most child home accidents, 76.3% (n=229) had received prior education/information/warnings on this topic, and 75.1% (n=172) had learned from others' experiences. The most commonly used safety measure at home was 'securing furniture to walls' 69.0% (n=207). The average score of the participants from the EKYGÖT scale was 159.6±20.9 (min = 77, max = 200). The scale score of mothers (166.50±16.14) was higher than that of fathers (149.68±23.05) (p=0.003). The security scale score of high school graduates (151.42±23.22) was lower than that of college/university graduates (162.15±15.62) (p=0.001). The scale score of parents with physical/mental/psychiatric disabilities that would make it difficult for them to care for the child (148.14±25.37) was lower than that of parents without disabilities (160.16±20.60) (p=0.037). The score of parents whose spouses were college/university graduates (163.16±14.56) was higher than the score of those whose spouses were high school graduates (155.78±23.71) (p=0.020). The score (166.66±12.47) of the participants whose child had a disease that could complicate their care was higher than that of those without the disease (158.05±22.10) (p=0.001). The score of parents whose children were between 0-12 months at the time of the study (150.88±22.56) was higher than that of those whose children were between 13-24 months (164.85±16.90) and those whose children were between 37-48 months (165.88±20, 23) was low (p=0.002; p=0.002). The score of parents who stated that they had received training/information/warning on this subject before (163.93±16.33) was higher than those who "did not receive" (150.17±28.50) and those who "did not remember" (139.46±24.78). (p=0.000; p=0.000). What parents notice most in the visual of home accidents that may occur in the kitchen is "the knife being within the child's reach" with a rate of 95.0% (n=285); What they noticed the least was "the lighter being easily accessible" with 11.7% (n=35). Conclusions: According to the study findings, it is seen that fathers, those with low education levels, those with low income and parents with children between the ages of 0-12 months have insufficient knowledge about safety measures for home accidents. Home accidents are a preventable health problem. Consultancy in advance is important in preventing these accidents and making the right practices after the accident. As a matter of fact, one of the aims of the Child Safety Ensuring Program carried out by the Department of Child and Adolescent Health in our country is to guide family physicians, who form the basis of primary health care, on this issue, to create the necessary resources and thus to provide safe environments and behavioral changes for children. A multisectoral action plan is currently being worked on within the scope of the program.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
ev kazaları, home accidents, çocuk, child, çocukluk çağı, childhood, kaza önleme, koruyucu hekimlik, aile hekimliği, family medicine, accident prevention, preventive medicine
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Küçük, A. U. (2024). Parents with children in the prescholl period attitudes and behaviors towards home accidents evaluation . (Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi) Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
