Meşrutiyet'ten Mütareke'ye Konya'ya Sürgün (1876-1918)
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Siyasi olarak çalkantılı bir sürecin sonunda tahta çıkan II. Abdülhamid, saltanatının 1878'e kadar olan ilk döneminde Mebûsan Meclisi'ni kapatır ve ağır bir yenilgi ile neticelenen "93 Harbi"nin yaralarını sarmakla meşgul olur. 1884'e kadar geçen ikinci dönemde meşrutiyet yanlısı muhalifler sürgünlerle uzaklaştırılarak tasfiye edilir. Ardından Sultan, hafiyelik ve sansür marifeti ile muhalif oluşumları kontrol altında tutmaya çalışır. Osmanlı Devleti hudutlarında meydana gelen küçük bir hadisenin bile kısa sürede ulusal ya da uluslararası bir soruna dönüşme ihtimali nedeniyle her türlü hadise Sultan tarafından yakından takip edilir. Sorunlar bölgesel ve ulusal dengeler gözetilerek ödül ve ceza (sürgün vs.) yöntemi ile çözülmeye çalışılır. Bu arada II. Abdülhamid idaresine karşı ortaya çıkan İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti kuvveden fiile geçerek Makedonya Bölgesi'nde başlattığı isyan ile meşrutiyetin yeniden ilan edilmesini sağlar. Kendini meşrutiyetin mutlak banisi olarak gören İttihatçılar bu yeni dönemde beklentileri karşılamaktan uzak kalırlar. Cemiyete muhalif olmanın aynı zamanda meşrutiyete muhalif olmak olarak algılandığı bu dönemde İttihatçı Hükümetler, sürgün gerektiren adli suç işleyenlerin yanı sıra kendi muhaliflerini de sürgünlerle uzaklaştırır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarına gelindiğinde ise muhâsım devlet tebaasına yönelik sürgünlerle Ermeni, Rum ve Arap tehciri yapılmak zorunda kalınır. Gerek II. Abdülhamid döneminde gerekse II. Meşrutiyet yıllarında Konya bahse konu sürgünlerin gönderildiği önemli bir menfa olur. Bilhassa Birinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarında çok sayıda menfiye ev sahipliği yapar. Bu çalışma Meşrutiyetin ilanından Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonunda imzalanan Mondros Mütarekesi'ne kadar geçen sürede Konya'ya yapılan sürgünleri ihtiva etmektedir.
II. Abdulhamid, who attained the sultanate at the end of a politically turbulent period, closes the Parliamentary Assembly in the first period of his reign until 1878 and becomes busy with healing the wounds of the " Russo-Turkish War ", which resulted in a severe defeat. In the second period, until 1884, pro-constitutional opponents were removed by exiles and purged. Then the Sultan tries to keep the opposition groups under control by means of espionage and censorship. Due to the possibility that even a small event that took place in the borders of the Ottoman Empire could turn into a national or international problem in a short time, all kinds of events were closely followed by the Sultan. The problems are tried to be solved by the method of reward and punishment (exile, etc.), taking into account regional and national balances. In the meantime, the Union and Development Society, which emerged against the administration of II. Abdulhamid, went from idea to action and ensured the re-declaration of the constitutionalism with the rebellion it started in the Macedonian Region. The Unionists, who see themselves as the absolute founders of the constitutionalism, remain far from satisfying expectations in this new period. In this period when opposition to the society was perceived as opposing the constitutionalism, the Unionist Governments expelled their opponents along with those who committed criminal offenses requiring exile. In the years of the First World War, with exiles due to the hostile state subjects such as Armenians, Greeks and Arabs had to be deported. Both during the Abdulhamid period and II. Constitutional Monarchy, Konya becomes an important city of exile. Especially during the First World War years, it hosted a large number of exiles. This study includes the exiles sent to Konya from the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy until the Mondros Armistice signed at the end of the First World War.
II. Abdulhamid, who attained the sultanate at the end of a politically turbulent period, closes the Parliamentary Assembly in the first period of his reign until 1878 and becomes busy with healing the wounds of the " Russo-Turkish War ", which resulted in a severe defeat. In the second period, until 1884, pro-constitutional opponents were removed by exiles and purged. Then the Sultan tries to keep the opposition groups under control by means of espionage and censorship. Due to the possibility that even a small event that took place in the borders of the Ottoman Empire could turn into a national or international problem in a short time, all kinds of events were closely followed by the Sultan. The problems are tried to be solved by the method of reward and punishment (exile, etc.), taking into account regional and national balances. In the meantime, the Union and Development Society, which emerged against the administration of II. Abdulhamid, went from idea to action and ensured the re-declaration of the constitutionalism with the rebellion it started in the Macedonian Region. The Unionists, who see themselves as the absolute founders of the constitutionalism, remain far from satisfying expectations in this new period. In this period when opposition to the society was perceived as opposing the constitutionalism, the Unionist Governments expelled their opponents along with those who committed criminal offenses requiring exile. In the years of the First World War, with exiles due to the hostile state subjects such as Armenians, Greeks and Arabs had to be deported. Both during the Abdulhamid period and II. Constitutional Monarchy, Konya becomes an important city of exile. Especially during the First World War years, it hosted a large number of exiles. This study includes the exiles sent to Konya from the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy until the Mondros Armistice signed at the end of the First World War.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sürgün, Konya, II. Abdülhamid, İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti, Muhâsım tebaa sürgünü, Ermeni tehciri, Exile, İttihat ve Terakki Society, Exiles due to the hostile state subject, Armenian deportation
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Gün, Ö. (2021). Meşrutiyet'ten Mütareke'ye Konya'ya sürgün (1876-1918). (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
