Bolu ve Düzce Halk Kültüründe Türbeler ve Ziyaret Yerleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İnsanoğlu tarih sahnesinde kendini gösterdiğinden beri kutsal olan her şeye ilgi duymuş, onunla
çeşitli ilişkiler kurmuştur. İnsanoğlunun kutsalla kurduğu bu ilişki, içinde korku ve saygı unsurlarını
barındırmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan bu korku ve saygı unsurunun sonucunda içinde kutsal güç olduğunu
düşündüğü varlık ve nesneleri memnun etmek için çeşitli ritüeller icra edilmiştir. Bu ritüelleri
uygulayanlardan biri de hiç kuşkusuz Türklerdir. Türklerin kadim inançlarında kültler birer kutsallık
sembolüdür. Türkler eski dinlerinde hayatlarının her anına kutsallığa konu olan her kültü
yansıtmışlardır. Zamanla farklı dinleri kabul etmelerine rağmen eski dinlerinden gelen ve kutsallığın
sembolü olan kült varlıkları ve nesneleri terk etmemişler, onları yeni dinleriyle sentezleyerek yaşatmaya
devam etmişlerdir.
Müslüman olan Türk milleti İslamiyet’in kabulünden sonra da İslam öncesinde kutsal olduğuna
inandığı uygulamaları İslami inanca uygun hâle getirerek yaşamaya devam etmiştir. Bunun en güzel
örneklerinden biri, ata mezarlarını ziyaret geleneğidir. Ata mezarını ziyaret etme anlayışı İslamiyet’le
birlikte türbe ve yatır ziyaretlerine dönüşmüştür. İslam dininin katı kurallarına ve yasaklarına rağmen
atalar kültünün İslami bir şekli olan veli kültü ve bunun neticesinde ortaya çıkan türbe ve yatır inancı,
halk arasında oldukça fazla rağbet gören, etrafında çeşitli anlatılar, inançlar ve uygulamalar barındıran
kutsal mekânlar hâline dönüşmüştür.
Günümüzde en önemli inanç merkezleri arasında gösterilen türbe ve yatırların Bolu ve Düzce
illerindeki dağılımı, ziyaret sırasında gerçekleştirilen ritüellerin tespiti, ziyaret amaçları, ziyaret
zamanları ve menkıbelerin derlenmesi bu çalışmanın ana hatlarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, doğal
gözlem, anket ve mülâkat neticesinde elde edilen verilerle, türbe ve yatırların ortaya çıkışları, mimari
durumları, velilerin tarihî ve menkıbevi şahsiyetleri, ziyaretin ferdi ve toplumsal nedenleri, türbe ve
yatırlar ilgili yasaklar, türbe ve yatırların adlandırılması, ziyaret zamanları, ritüeller, adak ve adak
çeşitleri, keramet motifleri, ziyaretçi profiliyle ilgili değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Çalışmada, Bolu ve Düzce’nin şehir merkezleri ile birlikte toplam 16 ilçesinde tespit edilen 67
kutsal ziyaret yeri etrafında oluşan inanç ve uygulamaların İslam diniyle, eski Türk inanç sistemleriyle ve
büyüsel pratiklerle olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca kutsal ziyaret yerlerinin işlevleri ziyaret sebeplerine
bağlı olarak incelenmiştir. Bolu ve Düzce’deki tüm kutsal ziyaret yerlerinin ilk defa bu çalışmada ele
alınması, sözlü kültür içerisinde unutulma riski bulunan anlatıların tespiti ve motifleri bakımından
değerlendirilmesi, kutsal ziyaret yerlerinde yatan metfunların adlandırılması ve yeni bir tasnifin
oluşturulması ve kutsal ziyaret yerlerinin işlevlerinin kuramsal çerçevede ele alınması, çalışmamızın
özgün taraflarını oluşturmaktadır.
Ever since mankind manifested on the stage of history, they have been interested in everything sacred and have formed various relationships with it. This relationship that human beings establish with the sacred contains elements of fear and respect. As a result of this element of fear and reverence, it performed various rituals to please beings and objects she considered to be sacred forces. Turks are undoubtedly one of those who practice these rituals. In the ancient beliefs of the Turks, cults are symbols of holiness. Turks reflected every cult subject to sacredness in every moment of their lives in their old religions. Although they accepted different religions over time, they did not abandon the cult beings and objects that came from their old religions and were symbols of holiness, and continued to keep alive by synthesizing them with their new religions. After the adoption of Islam, the Muslim Turkish nation maintained its presence among the people by making the practices related to cults, which they believed to be sacred, in accordance with the Islamic belief. The best example that proves this situation; It is a tradition of visiting ancestral tombs. The understanding of visiting the ancestral grave has turned into tomb and shrine visits with Islam. As a result of the cult of veli, which is an Islamic form of the ancestral cult, despite the strict rules and prohibitions of the religion of Islam ,the belief of tombs and shrine that emerged has turned into sacred places that are very popular among the people and contain various narratives, beliefs and practices around them. The distribution of shrines and tomb in the provinces of Bolu and Duzce, which are considered among the most important belief centers of today, determining the rituals performed during the visit, the purpose of the visit, visiting hours and collecting legends are the main topics. In this study, with the data obtained as a result of natural observations, studies and interviews, the emergence and architectural status of tombs and shrine, historical and epic personalities of veli, individual and social reasons for the visit, tomb and shrine prohibitions, giving graves and shrine names, visiting times, rituals, votive and votive types, miraculous motifs and visitor profiles were evaluated. In the study, the relationship between the beliefs and practices formed around 67 sacred visiting sites in 16 districts of Bolu and Duzce with the religion of Islam, ancient Turkish belief systems and magical practices was examined. In addition, the functions of the holy places of visit were examined depending on the reasons for the visit. In this study, all the sacred places of visit in Bolu and Duzce are handled for the first time, the identification of the narratives that have the risk of being forgotten in the oral culture and their evaluation in terms of their motifs, naming the metfuns lying in the sacred visiting places and creating a new classification and theoretical handling of the functions of sacred place constitute the sides of the originality of our study.
Ever since mankind manifested on the stage of history, they have been interested in everything sacred and have formed various relationships with it. This relationship that human beings establish with the sacred contains elements of fear and respect. As a result of this element of fear and reverence, it performed various rituals to please beings and objects she considered to be sacred forces. Turks are undoubtedly one of those who practice these rituals. In the ancient beliefs of the Turks, cults are symbols of holiness. Turks reflected every cult subject to sacredness in every moment of their lives in their old religions. Although they accepted different religions over time, they did not abandon the cult beings and objects that came from their old religions and were symbols of holiness, and continued to keep alive by synthesizing them with their new religions. After the adoption of Islam, the Muslim Turkish nation maintained its presence among the people by making the practices related to cults, which they believed to be sacred, in accordance with the Islamic belief. The best example that proves this situation; It is a tradition of visiting ancestral tombs. The understanding of visiting the ancestral grave has turned into tomb and shrine visits with Islam. As a result of the cult of veli, which is an Islamic form of the ancestral cult, despite the strict rules and prohibitions of the religion of Islam ,the belief of tombs and shrine that emerged has turned into sacred places that are very popular among the people and contain various narratives, beliefs and practices around them. The distribution of shrines and tomb in the provinces of Bolu and Duzce, which are considered among the most important belief centers of today, determining the rituals performed during the visit, the purpose of the visit, visiting hours and collecting legends are the main topics. In this study, with the data obtained as a result of natural observations, studies and interviews, the emergence and architectural status of tombs and shrine, historical and epic personalities of veli, individual and social reasons for the visit, tomb and shrine prohibitions, giving graves and shrine names, visiting times, rituals, votive and votive types, miraculous motifs and visitor profiles were evaluated. In the study, the relationship between the beliefs and practices formed around 67 sacred visiting sites in 16 districts of Bolu and Duzce with the religion of Islam, ancient Turkish belief systems and magical practices was examined. In addition, the functions of the holy places of visit were examined depending on the reasons for the visit. In this study, all the sacred places of visit in Bolu and Duzce are handled for the first time, the identification of the narratives that have the risk of being forgotten in the oral culture and their evaluation in terms of their motifs, naming the metfuns lying in the sacred visiting places and creating a new classification and theoretical handling of the functions of sacred place constitute the sides of the originality of our study.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bolu, Düzce, Türbe, Yatır, Veli Kültü, Atalar Kültü, Tomb, Shrine, The Cult of Veli, The Cult of Ancestors
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Kaplan, H. (2021). Bolu ve Düzce halk kültüründe türbeler ve ziyaret yerleri. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı, Konya
