Yetişkinlerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığı ve başarılı yaşlanma üzerine etkisi
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amaç: Yaş almak ve yaşlanmak kaçınılmaz bir olaydır ve hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde yaşlı
nüfus giderek artmaktadır. Toplumların yaşlanmasıyla beraber, kronik hastalıklar, bakım ve sağlık
giderleri de artış göstermektedir. Yaşlı nüfus arttıkça yaşlanmanın da sağlıklı ve başarılı bir şekilde
olması giderek önemli hale gelmektedir. Başarılı ve sağlıklı yaşlanmayı etkileyen birçok faktör
vardır. Bunlardan birisi de son dönemde gündemde olan sağlık okuryazarlığıdır. Sunulan
çalışmada yaşlılıktan bir önceki dönemde bulunan yetişkinlerin (45-65 yaş) sağlık okuryazarlığı
düzeyinin, sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığı ve başarılı yaşlanma üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi
amaçlandı.
Gereç ve yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikteki bu çalışmaya yüzde on hata payı ilave
edilerek en az 415 yetişkinin çalışmaya dahil edilmesi planlandı. Oluşturulan anket formu 45-65
yaş arasındaki yetişkinlere Google Forms ile online ve araştırmacı tarafından yüz yüze görüşme
yöntemi ile uygulandı. Oluşturulan anket formunda; sosyodemografik bilgiler, bireylerin sağlık,
aktivite, beslenme, sosyal yaşam, manevi inanç, yaşam memnuniyetine ilişkin sorular, Sağlık
Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği – Kısa Form, Başarılı Yaşlanma Ölçeği ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Farkındalığı
Ölçeği yer almaktaydı. Veriler SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows) 20.0
programı kullanılarak analiz edildi. p<0,05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 400 katılımcının %52,5 (n:210)’i kadın, %81 (n:324)’i evli, %45,4
(n:182)’ü üniversite/yüksekokul ve üzeri eğitim düzeyine sahipti. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması
52,33 ± 5,87 (min:45, maks:65) yıl idi. Katılımcıların %24,7 (n:99)’si fiziksel aktivite açısından
aktif, %22,7 (n:91)’si yeterli ve dengeli beslenmeye her zaman dikkat ediyordu. Katılımcıların
%30,5 (n:122)’i ilgi alanı ile ilgili seminer, konferans vb. eğitime katılmıştı, %36,8 (n:147)’inin
hobisi vardı.
Katılımcıların eğitim durumları ve SOÖ-KF’den alınan puanlar kıyaslandığında;
üniversite/yüksekokul mezunu grubun aldığı puan (33,66 ± 8,07), ilköğretim mezunu grubun
aldığı (29,93 ± 8,79), ortaöğretim mezunu grubun aldığı (26,72 ± 6,75) ve lise mezunu grubun
aldığı puandan (29,93 ± 8,16) anlamlı olarak yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0,004, p<0,001, p=0,002).
Çalışan katılımcıların BYÖ alt boyutlardan ve ölçeğin tamamından aldığı puanlar, çalışmayan
katılımcıların BYÖ alt boyutlardan ve ölçeğin tamamından aldığı puanlardan anlamlı olarak
yüksekti (p<0,05). Üniversite/yüksekokul mezunu grubun, SYFÖ değişim alt boyutundan aldığı
puan (21,01 ± 3,46), ilköğretim mezunu grubun aldığı puandan (19,58 ± 4,39) ve ortaöğretim
mezunu grubun aldığı puandan (18,75 ± 4,42) anlamlı olarak yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0,033,
p=0,004).
SOÖ-KF’den alınan toplam puanlar ile katılımcıların algılanan sağlık durumları, kronik hastalık
durumları, kullanılan ilaç durumları, tanı almış psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkları arasında anlamlı fark
bulunmaktaydı (p<0,05). Kronik hastalığı olmayanların BYÖ sağlıklı yaşam biçimi alt
boyutundan aldığı puan (8,87 ± 1,79) ve BYÖ toplamından aldığı puan (53,43 ± 10,92), kronik
hastalığı olanların sağlıklı yaşam biçimi alt boyutundan aldığı puana (8,41 ± 1,74) ve BYÖ
toplamından aldığı puana (51,09 ± 10,79) göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0,012,
p=0,035). Yeterli ve dengeli beslenme durumuna her zaman dikkat eden grubun SYFÖ
sosyalleşme, sorumluluk, beslenme alt gruplarından ve ölçeğin toplamından aldığı puanlar, yeterli
ve dengeli beslenmeye kısmen dikkat eden ve hiç dikkat etmeyen grubun aldığı puanlardan anlamlı
olarak yüksekti (p<0,05).
BYÖ ve alt boyutlarının tamamından alınan puanlar ile katılımcıların ilgi alanıyla ilgili eğitim,
seminer vb. alma durumları, hobi durumları, yaşam kalitesi ve yaşam memnuniyeti durumları
arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (p<0,05). Arkadaşları ile her zaman görüşen grubun
SYFÖ sosyalleşme, sorumluluk alt boyutlarından ve SYFÖ toplamından aldığı puanlar, arkadaşları
ile ara sıra görüşen grubun aldığı puanlardan daha yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0,007, p=0,046, p=0,011).
“SOÖ-KF” ile “BYÖ” karşılaştırıldığında aralarında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı
korelasyon tespit edildi (r=0,425, p<0,001). “SOÖ-KF” ile “SYFÖ” arasında da pozitif yönde orta
düzeyde anlamlı korelasyon tespit edildi (r=0,464, p<0,001).
Sonuç: Yapılan çalışmada cinsiyet farkının, birlikte yaşanılan kişilerin ve çocuk sahibi olma
durumunun sağlık okuryazarlığını, başarılı yaşlanmayı ve sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığını
etkilemediği görüldü. Eğitim düzeyi ile sağlık okuryazarlık puanı arasında pozitif bir ilişki vardı.
Eğitim düzeyinin artması hem bağımsız olarak hem de sağlık okuryazarlığını artırarak bireylerin
sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığını ve başarılı yaşlanma düzeylerini artırmıştı. Kendi sağlık durumlarını
çok iyi ve iyi olarak algılayan katılımcıların sağlık okuryazarlık ve başarılı yaşlanma düzeyleri,
sağlık durumlarını orta ve kötü olarak algılayan katılımcılara göre daha yüksekti. Fiziksel aktivite
yapan ve beslenmesine dikkat eden bireylerin, sağlık okuryazarlığı, sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığı ve
başarılı yaşlanma puanları arasında pozitif bir ilişki vardı. Sosyal olarak aktif olan, hobisi olan,
yaşam kalitesini iyi olarak değerlendiren ve yaşamdan memnun olan bireylerin başarılı yaşlanma
düzeyleri daha yüksekti.
Başarılı ve sağlıklı yaşlanmayı etkileyen birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Bu konuyla alakalı
toplumdaki her kesime görev düşmektedir. Hekimler de bu konuda önemli bir konumdadır.
Özellikle aile hekimleri bireylerin hastalık ve tedavi sürecinin yanında, hasta olmadan önce yapılan
sağlık taramalarını, sosyal ve kültürel yaşamını, fiziksel aktivite ve beslenme durumunu, kötü
alışkanlıklarını, ruhsal durumunu, ailevi özelliklerini de takip edebilir. Başarılı ve sağlıklı
yaşlanmak için de gerekli olan bu faktörlerle alakalı olarak, bireyi yönlendirebilir ve bireylere
danışmanlık yapabilir
Aim: Getting older and aging is an inevitable event and the elderly population is increasing both in the world and in our country. As societies age, chronic diseases, care and health costs are on the rise. As the elderly population increases, it is becoming increasingly important that aging is healthy and successful. Many factors influence successful and healthy aging. One of these is health literacy, which has recently been on the agenda. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of health literacy level of adults (45-65 years) in the period before old age on healthy life awareness and successful aging. Materials and Methods: It was planned to include at least 415 adults in this descriptive and crosssectional study with a ten percent margin of error. The questionnaire form was administered to adults between the ages of 45-65 using Google Forms online and face-to-face interview method by the researcher. The questionnaire form included sociodemographic information, questions on health, activity, nutrition, social life, spiritual beliefs, life satisfaction, Health Literacy Scale - Short Form, Successful Aging Scale and Healthy Living Awareness Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows) 20.0 program, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 400 participants, 52.5% (n:210) were female, 81% (n:324) were married, and 45.4% (n:182) had university/high school education or higher. The mean age of the participants was 52.33 ± 5.87 (min:45, max:65) years. Among the participants, 24.7% (n:99) were active in terms of physical activity and 22.7% (n:91) always paid attention to adequate and balanced nutrition. 30.5% (n:122) of the participants had attended seminars, conferences, etc. related to their field of interest, and 36.8% (n:147) had hobbies. When the educational status of the participants and the scores obtained from the HLS-SF were compared, the score obtained by the university/college graduate group (33.66 ± 8.07) was significantly higher than the scores obtained by the primary school graduate group (29.93 ± 8.79), the secondary school graduate group (26.72 ± 6.75) and the high school graduate group (29.93 ± 8.16) (p=0.004, p<0.001, p=0.002, respectively). The scores of the employed participants on the sub-dimensions and the whole scale were significantly higher than the scores of the non-employed participants on the sub-dimensions and the whole scale (p<0.05). The university/college graduate group's score (21.01 ± 3.46) on the change sub-dimension of the SAS was significantly higher than the primary school graduate group's score (19.58 ± 4.39) and the secondary school graduate group's score (18.75 ± 4.42) (p=0.033, p=0.004, respectively). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the total scores obtained from the HLS-SF and the participants' perceived health status, chronic disease status, medication status, and diagnosed psychiatric disorders. The score obtained from the healthy lifestyle sub-dimension (8.87 ± 1.79) and the total score (53.43 ± 10.92) of the SAS in those without chronic disease was significantly higher than the score obtained from the healthy lifestyle sub-dimension (8.41 ± 1.74) and the total score (51.09 ± 10.79) of the SAS in those with chronic disease (p=0.012, p=0.035, respectively). The scores obtained by the group who always paid attention to adequate and balanced nutrition were significantly higher than the scores obtained by the group who paid some attention to adequate and balanced nutrition and the group who never paid attention to adequate and balanced nutrition (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the scores obtained from all of the sub-dimensions of the SAS and its subscales and the participants' status of receiving training, seminars, etc. related to their field of interest, hobby status, quality of life and life satisfaction status. The scores of the group who always met with their friends were higher than the scores of the group who met with their friends occasionally (p=0.007, p=0.046, p=0.011, respectively). There was a positive and moderately significant correlation between the "HLS-SF" and the "SAS" (r=0.425, p<0.001). There was also a moderately significant positive correlation between "HLSSF" and "HLAS" (r=0.464, p<0.001). Conclusion: In the study, it was observed that gender difference, cohabitants and having children did not affect health literacy, successful aging and awareness of healthy living. There was a positive relationship between education level and health literacy score. Increasing education level increased individuals' awareness of healthy living and successful aging both independently and by increasing health literacy. Participants who perceived their health status as very good and good had higher levels of health literacy and successful aging than participants who perceived their health status as fair and poor. There was a positive relationship between health literacy, healthy living awareness and successful aging scores of individuals who engaged in physical activity and paid attention to their nutrition. Individuals who were socially active, had hobbies, rated their quality of life as good and were satisfied with life had higher levels of successful aging. There are many factors that affect successful and healthy ageing. Every part of society has a role in this issue. Physicians are also in an important position in this regard. In particular, family physicians can follow individuals' health screenings, social and cultural life, physical activity and nutritional status, bad habits, mental state, and family characteristics before they become ill, in addition to the disease and treatment process. In relation to these factors, which are also necessary for successful and healthy aging, they can guide and counsel individuals.
Aim: Getting older and aging is an inevitable event and the elderly population is increasing both in the world and in our country. As societies age, chronic diseases, care and health costs are on the rise. As the elderly population increases, it is becoming increasingly important that aging is healthy and successful. Many factors influence successful and healthy aging. One of these is health literacy, which has recently been on the agenda. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of health literacy level of adults (45-65 years) in the period before old age on healthy life awareness and successful aging. Materials and Methods: It was planned to include at least 415 adults in this descriptive and crosssectional study with a ten percent margin of error. The questionnaire form was administered to adults between the ages of 45-65 using Google Forms online and face-to-face interview method by the researcher. The questionnaire form included sociodemographic information, questions on health, activity, nutrition, social life, spiritual beliefs, life satisfaction, Health Literacy Scale - Short Form, Successful Aging Scale and Healthy Living Awareness Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows) 20.0 program, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 400 participants, 52.5% (n:210) were female, 81% (n:324) were married, and 45.4% (n:182) had university/high school education or higher. The mean age of the participants was 52.33 ± 5.87 (min:45, max:65) years. Among the participants, 24.7% (n:99) were active in terms of physical activity and 22.7% (n:91) always paid attention to adequate and balanced nutrition. 30.5% (n:122) of the participants had attended seminars, conferences, etc. related to their field of interest, and 36.8% (n:147) had hobbies. When the educational status of the participants and the scores obtained from the HLS-SF were compared, the score obtained by the university/college graduate group (33.66 ± 8.07) was significantly higher than the scores obtained by the primary school graduate group (29.93 ± 8.79), the secondary school graduate group (26.72 ± 6.75) and the high school graduate group (29.93 ± 8.16) (p=0.004, p<0.001, p=0.002, respectively). The scores of the employed participants on the sub-dimensions and the whole scale were significantly higher than the scores of the non-employed participants on the sub-dimensions and the whole scale (p<0.05). The university/college graduate group's score (21.01 ± 3.46) on the change sub-dimension of the SAS was significantly higher than the primary school graduate group's score (19.58 ± 4.39) and the secondary school graduate group's score (18.75 ± 4.42) (p=0.033, p=0.004, respectively). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the total scores obtained from the HLS-SF and the participants' perceived health status, chronic disease status, medication status, and diagnosed psychiatric disorders. The score obtained from the healthy lifestyle sub-dimension (8.87 ± 1.79) and the total score (53.43 ± 10.92) of the SAS in those without chronic disease was significantly higher than the score obtained from the healthy lifestyle sub-dimension (8.41 ± 1.74) and the total score (51.09 ± 10.79) of the SAS in those with chronic disease (p=0.012, p=0.035, respectively). The scores obtained by the group who always paid attention to adequate and balanced nutrition were significantly higher than the scores obtained by the group who paid some attention to adequate and balanced nutrition and the group who never paid attention to adequate and balanced nutrition (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the scores obtained from all of the sub-dimensions of the SAS and its subscales and the participants' status of receiving training, seminars, etc. related to their field of interest, hobby status, quality of life and life satisfaction status. The scores of the group who always met with their friends were higher than the scores of the group who met with their friends occasionally (p=0.007, p=0.046, p=0.011, respectively). There was a positive and moderately significant correlation between the "HLS-SF" and the "SAS" (r=0.425, p<0.001). There was also a moderately significant positive correlation between "HLSSF" and "HLAS" (r=0.464, p<0.001). Conclusion: In the study, it was observed that gender difference, cohabitants and having children did not affect health literacy, successful aging and awareness of healthy living. There was a positive relationship between education level and health literacy score. Increasing education level increased individuals' awareness of healthy living and successful aging both independently and by increasing health literacy. Participants who perceived their health status as very good and good had higher levels of health literacy and successful aging than participants who perceived their health status as fair and poor. There was a positive relationship between health literacy, healthy living awareness and successful aging scores of individuals who engaged in physical activity and paid attention to their nutrition. Individuals who were socially active, had hobbies, rated their quality of life as good and were satisfied with life had higher levels of successful aging. There are many factors that affect successful and healthy ageing. Every part of society has a role in this issue. Physicians are also in an important position in this regard. In particular, family physicians can follow individuals' health screenings, social and cultural life, physical activity and nutritional status, bad habits, mental state, and family characteristics before they become ill, in addition to the disease and treatment process. In relation to these factors, which are also necessary for successful and healthy aging, they can guide and counsel individuals.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sağlık okuryazarlığı, Health literacy, başarılı yaşlanma, successful aging, sağlıklı yaşam, healthy living, yaşlılık, old age
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Soytürk, F. Y. (2024). Yetişkinlerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığı ve başarılı yaşlanma üzerine etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi) Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
