Kuantum fiziği ve geleceği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma, kuantum fiziği dersi alan öğrencilerin felsefeye dikkatini çekmek ve okumalarına başlangıç olacak bir rehber hazırlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Nitel araştırma modeli benimsenerek yapılan bu çalışmada, kuantum fiziğinde felsefenin önemini, kuantum fiziğindeki gelişmelerin düşünce dünyasındaki yankılarını ve bilim devrimini ele almış kitap ve makaleler incelenmiştir. Bunların içerisinden Türkçe basılmış kitap ve makaleler seçilmiştir. Araştırmada, veri toplama yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemi seçilmiştir. İnceleme kapsamına alınan kitap ve makalelerin içerik analizi sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, doğruluğu veya yanlışlığı tartışılmadan verilmiştir. Elde edilen bulguların ortak yönleri saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bilim devrimi öncesinde, bilimin doğa felsefesinden ibaret olduğu görülmektedir. Bu dönemde deney, gözlem ve matematikten uzak bir şekilde mantık yürütme, çıkarımlar yapma, kıyas gibi Aristo Mantığının ilkeleriyle bilim yapılmaktadır. Bu döneme, skolastik felsefe hâkimdir. Skolastik felsefe, okul sistemi demektir. Kilisenin güdümünde olan bu sistemde, filozoflar gerçeği araştıran araştırmacılardan ziyade gerçeğe hâkim olan hocalar olarak görülmektedir. Onlara göre gerçek zaten belliydi ve bunlar Hristiyanlığın dogmalarından ibaretti. Bilim devriminden sonra pozitif bilimlerin içine matematik, deney ve gözlem girmiş olsa bile bilim dünyası Aristo mantığını halen kullanmaktadır. Bilim devrimi sonrasında, Aristo'dan etkilenen, Galileo, Kopernik ve Kepler tarafından geliştirilen ve yine Aristo'dan etkilenen, Newton'la zirveye ulaşan gelişmelerin, insanlığın dünya görüşünü değiştirdiği görülmektedir. Newton, matematik, deney ve gözlemi mükemmel bir şekilde birleştirmiş ve muazzam bir bilimsel yöntem geliştirmiştir. Bu döneme de çok katı bir determinizm hakim olmuştur. Sebep sonuç ilişkisi öyle iyi çalışmaktadır ki, adeta insan aklının çözemeyeceği hiçbir şey kalmamıştır. Bu durum, bilime olan güvene zirve yaptırmış ve ateistler tarafından, bilimin dinin yerini alması gerektiği fikri bile düşünülmeye başlanmıştır. Sonrasında ise kuantum fiziğinin ortaya çıkmasıyla birçok şey tekrardan sorgulanır hale gelmeye başlamıştır. Fizik bilimindeki gelişmeler düşünce dünyasında da derin izler bırakmıştır. Ünlü fizikçilerin pek çoğu aynı zamanda iyi birer filozoftur. Kuantum fiziği ile ilgili felsefi tartışmaların genellikle "Kopenhag Ekolü" nün kabulleri çerçevesinde döndüğü görülmektedir. Fakat her ne kadar "Paris Ekolü" nün tezleri sonuçsuz kalmış gözükse de, bir gün bir matematikçinin her şeyi değiştirebileceği bekleyişinde olan bilim insanlarının sayısı da az değildir. Belki de fizikçilerden felsefi yorumları az duyuyor olmamızın nedeni de bu beklentidir. Kuantum fiziğinin bugün geldiğimiz noktada bir duraksamaya girmesi, ilk çıkış yaptığı yıllardaki ivmesini kaybetmiş olması, yerli-yabancı bütün bilim dünyasınca kabul edilmektedir. Kuantum fiziği dünyası, insanlığa sadece perdesini birazcık aralamıştır hepsi o kadar. Bundan sonra neler olacağını herkes heyecanla beklemektedir. Kuantum fiziğiyle birlikte bilim dünyası ve düşünce dünyası tam bir bunalım içine tekrardan girmiştir. Albert Einstein'ın "Sezgisel akıl kutsal bir hediye iken rasyonel akıl sadık bir hizmetçidir. Öyle bir toplum yarattık ki o toplum hediyeyi unuttu ve sadece hizmetçiyi onurlandırıyor" sözü de sanki kuantum fiziği öncesini anlatıyor. Düşünce dünyası da sanki Einstein'ın söylediği bu iki uç arasında sürekli gidip geliyor.
This study was carried out in order to draw the attention of students taking quantum physics course to philosophy and to prepare a guide to start their reading. In this study, which was carried out by adopting the qualitative research model, books and articles dealing with the importance of philosophy in quantum physics, the repercussions of developments in quantum physics in the world of thought and the scientific revolution were examined. Books and articles published in Turkish were selected among them. In the research, the document analysis method, which is one of the data collection methods, was used. The findings obtained as a result of the content analysis of the books and articles included in the review are given without discussing their accuracy or falsity. The common aspects of the findings were tried to be determined. Before the scientific revolution, it is seen that science consisted of natural philosophy. In this period, science was carried out with the principles of Aristotelian logic such as reasoning, making inferences, and analogy away from experiment, observation and mathematics. This period was dominated by scholastic philosophy. Scholastic philosophy means the school system. In this system, which is under the control of the church, philosophers are seen as teachers who dominate the truth rather than researchers who search for the truth. For them, the truth was already clear and they were just dogmas of Christianity. Even though mathematics, experimentation and observation were included in the positive sciences after the scientific revolution, the scientific world still uses Aristotelian logic. After the scientific revolution, it is seen that the developments developed by Galileo, Copernicus and Kepler, who were influenced by Aristotle, and reached its peak with Newton, who was also influenced by Aristotle, changed the world view of humanity. Newton perfectly combined mathematics, experimentation and observation and developed an enormous scientific method. This period was also dominated by a very strict determinism. The cause-effect relationship worked so well that there is almost nothing left that the human mind cannot solve. This situation peaked the trust in science and even the idea that science should replace religion began to be considered by atheists. Afterwards, with the emergence of quantum physics, many things began to be questioned again. Developments in physics have also left deep traces in the world of thought. Many famous physicists are also good philosophers. It is seen that philosophical discussions about quantum physics generally revolve around the acceptance of the "Copenhagen School". However, although the theses of the "Parisian School" seem inconclusive, the number of scientists who expect that one day a mathematician can change everything is not few. Perhaps the reason why we rarely hear philosophical comments from physicists is this expectation. The fact that quantum physics has come to a standstill at the point we have reached today, and that it has lost its momentum in the first years of its debut, is accepted by all domestic and foreign scientific world. The world of quantum physics has only slightly opened its veil to humanity, that's all. Everyone is eagerly awaiting what will happen next. With quantum physics, the world of science and thought has once again entered into a crisis. Albert Einstein's words, "While the intuitive mind is a sacred gift, the rational mind is a faithful servant. We have created such a society that it has forgotten the gift and honours only the servant", seems to describe the pre-quantum physics. The world of thought seems to be constantly going back and forth between these two extremes that Einstein mentioned.
This study was carried out in order to draw the attention of students taking quantum physics course to philosophy and to prepare a guide to start their reading. In this study, which was carried out by adopting the qualitative research model, books and articles dealing with the importance of philosophy in quantum physics, the repercussions of developments in quantum physics in the world of thought and the scientific revolution were examined. Books and articles published in Turkish were selected among them. In the research, the document analysis method, which is one of the data collection methods, was used. The findings obtained as a result of the content analysis of the books and articles included in the review are given without discussing their accuracy or falsity. The common aspects of the findings were tried to be determined. Before the scientific revolution, it is seen that science consisted of natural philosophy. In this period, science was carried out with the principles of Aristotelian logic such as reasoning, making inferences, and analogy away from experiment, observation and mathematics. This period was dominated by scholastic philosophy. Scholastic philosophy means the school system. In this system, which is under the control of the church, philosophers are seen as teachers who dominate the truth rather than researchers who search for the truth. For them, the truth was already clear and they were just dogmas of Christianity. Even though mathematics, experimentation and observation were included in the positive sciences after the scientific revolution, the scientific world still uses Aristotelian logic. After the scientific revolution, it is seen that the developments developed by Galileo, Copernicus and Kepler, who were influenced by Aristotle, and reached its peak with Newton, who was also influenced by Aristotle, changed the world view of humanity. Newton perfectly combined mathematics, experimentation and observation and developed an enormous scientific method. This period was also dominated by a very strict determinism. The cause-effect relationship worked so well that there is almost nothing left that the human mind cannot solve. This situation peaked the trust in science and even the idea that science should replace religion began to be considered by atheists. Afterwards, with the emergence of quantum physics, many things began to be questioned again. Developments in physics have also left deep traces in the world of thought. Many famous physicists are also good philosophers. It is seen that philosophical discussions about quantum physics generally revolve around the acceptance of the "Copenhagen School". However, although the theses of the "Parisian School" seem inconclusive, the number of scientists who expect that one day a mathematician can change everything is not few. Perhaps the reason why we rarely hear philosophical comments from physicists is this expectation. The fact that quantum physics has come to a standstill at the point we have reached today, and that it has lost its momentum in the first years of its debut, is accepted by all domestic and foreign scientific world. The world of quantum physics has only slightly opened its veil to humanity, that's all. Everyone is eagerly awaiting what will happen next. With quantum physics, the world of science and thought has once again entered into a crisis. Albert Einstein's words, "While the intuitive mind is a sacred gift, the rational mind is a faithful servant. We have created such a society that it has forgotten the gift and honours only the servant", seems to describe the pre-quantum physics. The world of thought seems to be constantly going back and forth between these two extremes that Einstein mentioned.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bilim Devrimi, Kuantum Fiziği, Paris Ekolü, Kopenhag Ekolü, Felsefe, Scientific Revolution, Quantum Physics, Parisian School, Copenhagen School, Philosophy
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Yayla, İ. (2022). Kuantum fiziği ve geleceği. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
