Üniversite Hastanesine Başvuranların İletişim Yeterliliğinin Sağlıkta İletişim Sorunları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amaç: Sağlık iletişimi ve sağlıkta iletişim sorunları günümüzün koşullarında gittikçe daha çok önem kazanmaktadır. Bir tarafta kitleler ile kurulan ve sağlık okur-yazarlığı ile ilgili konular sağlık iletişimi kapsamına girerken diğer tarafta sağlık personeli ile hasta arasında gerçekleşen ve en özel konuların konuşulduğu iletişim türü de bu kapsamda değerlendirilir. Sağlıkta iletişimi etkileyen birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Sunulan çalışmada hastaneye başvuran kişilerin iletişim yeterliliğinin sağlıkta iletişime etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan araştırmada, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesine herhangi bir nedenle başvurmuş 18-65 yaş aralığındaki hasta veya hasta yakınları ile yüz yüze görüşme sağlandı ve gönüllük temelinde anket formunu dolduran katılımcılar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışmaya %5 hata payı, %95 güven aralığı ile en az 377 kişi dâhil edilmesi gerektiği hesaplandı. Örneklem büyüklüğüne yaklaşık üç ayda (01 Şubat 2023-30 Nisan 2023) ulaşıldı. Anket formu; sosyodemografik bilgi formu, İletişim Yeterlilik Ölçeği Kısa Formu (İYÖ-KF) ve Hasta Merkezli İletişim Engelleri Ölçeği (HMİEÖ)’den oluşmaktaydı. İYÖ-KF’i sekiz alt boyutu (1-Sosyal Davranış Yeterliliği 2-İletişimde Bireysel Yönler 3-Empati Yeterliliği 4-Uyum Yeterliliği 5-Duyarlılık Yeterliliği 6-İletişime Teşvik 7-İnsan İlişkileri 8-Dinleme Yeterliliği), HMİEÖ’nün ise yedi alt boyutu (1-Korku ve Endişe 2-Merak ve Bilgi İhtiyacı 3- İlgi İhtiyacı 4- Önyargı 5- Güvensizlik 6- Güvenlik Personeli 7-Bekleme Süresi) bulunmaktadır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 33,76±12,05 (min=18, maks=65) yıldı ve %50,7’si (n=203) 30 yaş ve altındaydı. Çalışmaya katılanların %50,5’i (n=202) kadın, %56,0’ı (n=224) evli ve %63,2’si (n=253) üniversite mezunu idi. Anketi cevaplayanların %56’sı (n=224) gelir getiren bir işte çalışmakta iken %52,3’ünün (n=209) geliri giderine denk idi ve %91,0’ı (n=364) kentsel bölgede yaşamaktaydı. Katılımcıların %4,8’i (n=19) iletişim kabiliyetinin yetersiz olduğunu belirtirken, %62,0’ı (n=248) ise daha önceki sağlık merkezi başvurularında iletişim sorunu yaşadığını belirtti.
İletişim yeterlilik toplam puanı, evlilerde (118,45±15,3) , bekâr (115,30±16,3) olanlara göre (p=0,048), kentsel bölgede (117,93±14,6) ikamet edenlerde ise kırsal bölgede (108,25±23,5) yaşayanlara göre yüksekti (p<0,001). Daha önceki sağlık merkezi başvurularında iletişim sorunu yaşamayanların iletişim puanı (120,09±15,5), yaşadığını belirtenlere (115,20±15,7) göre yüksek bulundu (p=0,003). Hiçbir kişilik bozukluğu grubuna dâhil edilmeyenlerin iletişim puanı (120,84±12,9), C tipi kişilik bozukluğu grubundakilerin puanına (113,03±16,1) göre yüksek saptandı (p=0,004).
Diğer kişilerle iyi iletişim kurduğunu belirtenlerin hasta merkezli iletişim engelleri ölçeği toplam puanı (107,40±12,0), diğer kişilerle iletişimini iyi olmadığı belirtenlere (100,52±9,3) göre daha yüksek bulundu (p=0,033). HMİEÖ alt boyutlarını incelediğimizde, katılımcılardan 30 yaş ve altı olanların, merak ve bilgi ihtiyacı alt boyut puanı (16,92±2,7), yaşı 30’un üzerinde olanlara göre (16,25±3,0) daha yüksekti (p=0,022). Bekleme süresi alt boyut puanı erkeklerde (11,24±3,0), kadınlara (10,37±3,2) göre (p=0,006), evlilerde ise (11,22±3,0), bekârlara (10,27±3,1) göre daha yüksekti (p=0,003). Daha önce sağlık hizmeti alırken iletişim sorunu yaşadığını beyan edenlerin bekleme süresi alt boyut puanı (11,28±2,8), yaşamadığını belirtenlere (10,02±3,4) göre daha yüksek tespit edildi (p<0,001). Ön yargı alt boyut puanı, kadınlarda (14,42±3,5), erkeklere (13,48±3,8) göre (p=0,012), 30 yaş ve altı katılımcıların puanı (14,44±3,5), yaşı 30’un üzerinde (13,45±3,8) olanlara göre (p=0,008), bekârların (14,62±3,5) ise, evlilere (13,43±3,8) göre daha yüksekti (p=0,002). İYÖ-KF toplam puanı ile HMİEÖ toplam puanı arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde bir korelasyon olduğu görüldü (r=0,332) (p<0,001). Sonuç: Sunulan çalışmada evlilerin bekârlara, erkeklerin kadınlara karşı bazı iletişim engellerine daha duyarlı olduğu görüldü. Katılımcıların daha önce kurduğu sağlık iletişimi süreçlerinde problem yaşayanların iletişimi daha yetersiz bulundu. Hiçbir kişilik bozukluğu grubuna dâhil edilmeyen bireylerin iletişiminin daha iyi olduğu sonucu bulundu. Yaşı daha genç, eğitim düzeyi yüksek, internet erişiminin daha yüksek olduğu merkezi bir konumda yaşayan katılımcıların, sağlık ile ilgili konularda daha meraklı ancak bir o kadar da ön yargılı olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı.
Purpose: Health communication and communication problems in health are becoming more and more important in today's conditions. On the one hand, issues established with the masses and related to health literacy are included in the scope of health communication, while on the other hand, the type of communication between the healthcare personnel and the patient, where the most private issues are discussed, is also evaluated within this scope. There are many factors that affect communication in health. The presented study aimed to evaluate the effect of the communication competence of people applying to the hospital on health communication. Materials and methods: In the descriptive and cross-sectional study, face-to-face interviews were held with patients or their relatives between the ages of 18-65 who applied to Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine Hospital for any reason, and participants who filled out the questionnaire on a voluntary basis were included in the study. It was calculated that at least 377 people should be included in the study with a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval. The sample size was reached in approximately three months (01 February 2023-30 April 2023). Survey form; The sociodemographic information form consisted of the Communication Competence Scale Short Form (İYÖ-CF) and the Patient-Centered Communication Barriers Scale (HMİEÖ). HS-CF has eight sub-dimensions (1-Social Behavior Competence 2-Individual Aspects in Communication 3-Empathy Competence 4-Adaptation Competence 5-Sensitivity Competence 6-Encouragement to Communication 7-Human Relations 8-Listening Competence), HMİEÖ has seven sub-dimensions. It has sub-dimensions (1-Fear and Anxiety 2-Curiosity and Need for Information 3- Need for Attention 4- Prejudice 5- Distrust 6- Security Personnel 7-Waiting Time). vii Results: The average age of the participants was 33.76±12.05 (min=18, max=65) years and 50.7% (n=203) were 30 years old or younger. Of the participants in the study, 50.5% (n=202) were women, 56.0% (n=224) were married, and 63.2% (n=253) were university graduates. While 56% (n=224) of those who answered the survey were working in an income-generating job, 52.3% (n=209) had an income equal to their expenses, and 91.0% (n=364) lived in an urban area. While 4.8% (n=19) of the participants stated that their communication skills were insufficient, 62.0% (n=248) stated that they had communication problems in their previous health center applications. The communication proficiency total score was higher in married people (118.45±15.3) than in single people (115.30±16.3) (p=0.048), and in rural areas (117.93±14.6) in urban areas (117.93±14.6). (108.25±23.5) was higher than the living ones (p<0.001). The communication score of those who did not have communication problems in their previous health center applications (120.09±15.5) was found to be higher than those who stated that they did (115.20±15.7) (p=0.003). The communication score of those who were not included in any personality disorder group (120.84±12.9) was found to be higher than the score of those in the type C personality disorder group (113.03±16.1) (p=0.004). The patient-centered communication barriers scale total score (107.40±12.0) of those who stated that they communicated well with others was found to be higher than those who stated that they did not communicate well with others (100.52±9.3) (p=0.033). When we examined the HMİES sub-dimensions, the curiosity and need for information sub-dimension score (16.92±2.7) of the participants aged 30 and under was higher than that of those over 30 (16.25±3.0) (p = 0.022). Waiting time sub-dimension score was higher for men (11.24±3.0) than for women (10.37±3.2) (p=0.006), for married people (11.22±3.0) and for single people (10.27). ±3.1) (p=0.003). The waiting time subscale score (11.28±2.8) of those who stated that they had previously experienced communication problems while receiving health services was found to be higher than those who stated that they had not (10.02±3.4) (p<0.001). Prejudice subscale score was higher in women (14.42±3.5) than in men (13.48±3.8) (p=0.012), the score of participants aged 30 and under (14.44±3.5), It was higher among those aged over 30 (13.45±3.8) (p=0.008), and among single (14.62±3.5) than married individuals (13.43±3.8) (p= 0.002). It was observed that there was a moderate positive correlation between the IAS-CF total score and the HMİEÖ total score (r=0.332) (p<0.001). Conclusion: In the presented study, it was seen that married people were more sensitive to some communication barriers than single people, and men were more sensitive to women. The communication of those who had problems in the previous health communication processes of the participants was found to be less adequate. It was found that individuals who were not included in any personality disorder group had better communication skills. It was concluded that participants who were younger, had higher education levels, and lived in a central location with higher internet access were more curious but also prejudiced about health-related issues.
Purpose: Health communication and communication problems in health are becoming more and more important in today's conditions. On the one hand, issues established with the masses and related to health literacy are included in the scope of health communication, while on the other hand, the type of communication between the healthcare personnel and the patient, where the most private issues are discussed, is also evaluated within this scope. There are many factors that affect communication in health. The presented study aimed to evaluate the effect of the communication competence of people applying to the hospital on health communication. Materials and methods: In the descriptive and cross-sectional study, face-to-face interviews were held with patients or their relatives between the ages of 18-65 who applied to Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine Hospital for any reason, and participants who filled out the questionnaire on a voluntary basis were included in the study. It was calculated that at least 377 people should be included in the study with a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval. The sample size was reached in approximately three months (01 February 2023-30 April 2023). Survey form; The sociodemographic information form consisted of the Communication Competence Scale Short Form (İYÖ-CF) and the Patient-Centered Communication Barriers Scale (HMİEÖ). HS-CF has eight sub-dimensions (1-Social Behavior Competence 2-Individual Aspects in Communication 3-Empathy Competence 4-Adaptation Competence 5-Sensitivity Competence 6-Encouragement to Communication 7-Human Relations 8-Listening Competence), HMİEÖ has seven sub-dimensions. It has sub-dimensions (1-Fear and Anxiety 2-Curiosity and Need for Information 3- Need for Attention 4- Prejudice 5- Distrust 6- Security Personnel 7-Waiting Time). vii Results: The average age of the participants was 33.76±12.05 (min=18, max=65) years and 50.7% (n=203) were 30 years old or younger. Of the participants in the study, 50.5% (n=202) were women, 56.0% (n=224) were married, and 63.2% (n=253) were university graduates. While 56% (n=224) of those who answered the survey were working in an income-generating job, 52.3% (n=209) had an income equal to their expenses, and 91.0% (n=364) lived in an urban area. While 4.8% (n=19) of the participants stated that their communication skills were insufficient, 62.0% (n=248) stated that they had communication problems in their previous health center applications. The communication proficiency total score was higher in married people (118.45±15.3) than in single people (115.30±16.3) (p=0.048), and in rural areas (117.93±14.6) in urban areas (117.93±14.6). (108.25±23.5) was higher than the living ones (p<0.001). The communication score of those who did not have communication problems in their previous health center applications (120.09±15.5) was found to be higher than those who stated that they did (115.20±15.7) (p=0.003). The communication score of those who were not included in any personality disorder group (120.84±12.9) was found to be higher than the score of those in the type C personality disorder group (113.03±16.1) (p=0.004). The patient-centered communication barriers scale total score (107.40±12.0) of those who stated that they communicated well with others was found to be higher than those who stated that they did not communicate well with others (100.52±9.3) (p=0.033). When we examined the HMİES sub-dimensions, the curiosity and need for information sub-dimension score (16.92±2.7) of the participants aged 30 and under was higher than that of those over 30 (16.25±3.0) (p = 0.022). Waiting time sub-dimension score was higher for men (11.24±3.0) than for women (10.37±3.2) (p=0.006), for married people (11.22±3.0) and for single people (10.27). ±3.1) (p=0.003). The waiting time subscale score (11.28±2.8) of those who stated that they had previously experienced communication problems while receiving health services was found to be higher than those who stated that they had not (10.02±3.4) (p<0.001). Prejudice subscale score was higher in women (14.42±3.5) than in men (13.48±3.8) (p=0.012), the score of participants aged 30 and under (14.44±3.5), It was higher among those aged over 30 (13.45±3.8) (p=0.008), and among single (14.62±3.5) than married individuals (13.43±3.8) (p= 0.002). It was observed that there was a moderate positive correlation between the IAS-CF total score and the HMİEÖ total score (r=0.332) (p<0.001). Conclusion: In the presented study, it was seen that married people were more sensitive to some communication barriers than single people, and men were more sensitive to women. The communication of those who had problems in the previous health communication processes of the participants was found to be less adequate. It was found that individuals who were not included in any personality disorder group had better communication skills. It was concluded that participants who were younger, had higher education levels, and lived in a central location with higher internet access were more curious but also prejudiced about health-related issues.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İletişim, Communication, iletişim yeterliği, communication competence, iletişim engelleri, communication barriers, sağlık iletişimi, health communication
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Ünsaçan, M. E. (2024). Üniversite Hastanesine Başvuranların İletişim Yeterliliğinin Sağlıkta İletişim Sorunları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. (Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi) Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
