Türk Halk Kültürünün Yerel Mimari Mirası “Arı Serenleri”
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Tarih
2014
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tarım, insanoğlunun yerleşik hayata geçiş sürecini başlatan en önemli unsurdur. İnsanoğlu yiyecek ihtiyacını doğadan toplayarak karşıladığı dönemde, bal arısının doğal yuvalarından bal almayı öğrenmiştir. Anadoluda Boğazköy kazıları, MÖ 1300 yıllarında Hititler devrinde arıcılığın önemli bir zirai faaliyet olduğunu göstermiştir. Türklerde göçebelik sürecinde arı ve arı ürünlerinin kullanıldığı, ilaç ve şifalı besin kabul edildiği bilinmektedir. Bal arıları için yapılan barınakların esas amacı doğal etkilerden ve hayvan zararlarından ko- runmak içindir. Araştırma konusu olan arı serenleri yerel mimari öğe olarak özgün bir biçimlenişiyle Antalya İli, Elmalı İlçesi, Söğle Bölgesinde bulunmaktadır. Bu örnekler dışında Anadoluda benzer mimari biçimleniş- ler Torosların bazı bölgelerinde görülmektedir. Arı serenlerinin mimari biçimlenişi birçok araştırmada antik unsurlara (Likya mezar anıtları) dayandırılsa da; biçimsel benzerlik üzerinden kurgulanan bu durumun pek de gerçekçi olmadığı görülmektedir. Araştırmamızda biçimsel, yerel ve sözel kaynaklara dayanarak daha önce literatürde yer almayan mimari belgeleme çalışmalarının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda daha önceki çalışmalarda yer alan biçimsel benzerlik tespitinin doğru olmadığı ve bu biçimlenişin yerel kültürün mimari bir unsuru olduğunu vurgulamak araştırmanın hedeflerindendir. Kurgulanan yöntemde; literatüre ilişkin bilgi ve belge toplama süreci gerçekleştirilmiş, etimolojik açıdan seren kelimesine ilişkin bilgiler toplanmış ve değer- lendirilmiş, daha sonra çalışma alanına gidilerek arı serenlerine ilişkin belgeleme çalışmaları (görüşme, rölöve ve fotoğraf) yapılmış ve mimari biçimleniş bu veriler ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmamız sonucunda arı sereni mimari biçimlenişinin ihtiyaçları karşılamak için yere özgü olarak ortaya çıktığı, Likya mezar anıtlarına benzerliğin objektif bilimsel temellere dayandırılmadığı tespiti yapılmıştır. Ayrıca arı sereni yapım geleneğinin 1960lı yıllarda bittiği bu işle uğraşan yapı ustalarının kalmadığı görülmüştür. Günümüzde kullanılan bir arı sereni dışında diğerlerinin hem biçimsel hem de fonksiyonel olarak yok olmaya yüz tuttuğu tespit edilmiş ve yerel halk kültürüne ait bu mimari biçimlenişin korunması gerekliliği ortaya koyulmuştur.
Agriculture is the most important factor for mankind as it started the transition from sedentary lifestyle to nomadic lifestyle. Humans learned to take honey from the natural haunt of honeybees when they were gatherers. The Boğazköy excavations in Anatolia showed that apiculture was an important agricultural activity during the Hittites in 1300 B.C. It is determined that Turks used honey and honey products and accepted it as medicine and healing food during their nomadic period. The real aim to build shelters for honeybees is attaining protection from natural effects and animal harms. The “Arı Serenleri (Bee Yards)” that have a unique formation as architectural elements are located in Söğle Plateau in Elmalı County of Antalya city in Turkey. Except these examples similar architectural formations are observed in some regions of the Taurus mountains in Anatolia. The architectural formation of bee yards was based on antique facts (Lykia graves), in many researches however this situation determined from the formal similarity does not seem realistic. Every society has its unique architectural formations based on nature. In this study, we have aimed at using previously neglected structural, local and oral sources for making a novel architectural documentation that does not exist in literature. In this context, it is asserted that the structural similarities discussed in earlier studies remain invalis since these structures are architectural elements of local culture. The applied method includes; a comprehensive literature review, gathering and evaluating etymological information on the use of the word “seren”, and documentation work undertaken at the site (interviews, reliefs and photographing) and finally the studying of these architectural formations in view of the gathered data. As a result of our study, it is determined that the architectural formation of bee yards were based on vernacular models for supplying the needs of settlers and the similarities with Lycian tombs were not based on objective, scientific grounds. Moreover, it was also discovered that the tradition of constructing bee yards came to an end during 1960s and there were no builders that build bee yards. It was observed that only one bee yard remained in use and others were both structurally and functionally in very poor condition as well as these architectural elements of vernacular folk culture would be preserved.
Agriculture is the most important factor for mankind as it started the transition from sedentary lifestyle to nomadic lifestyle. Humans learned to take honey from the natural haunt of honeybees when they were gatherers. The Boğazköy excavations in Anatolia showed that apiculture was an important agricultural activity during the Hittites in 1300 B.C. It is determined that Turks used honey and honey products and accepted it as medicine and healing food during their nomadic period. The real aim to build shelters for honeybees is attaining protection from natural effects and animal harms. The “Arı Serenleri (Bee Yards)” that have a unique formation as architectural elements are located in Söğle Plateau in Elmalı County of Antalya city in Turkey. Except these examples similar architectural formations are observed in some regions of the Taurus mountains in Anatolia. The architectural formation of bee yards was based on antique facts (Lykia graves), in many researches however this situation determined from the formal similarity does not seem realistic. Every society has its unique architectural formations based on nature. In this study, we have aimed at using previously neglected structural, local and oral sources for making a novel architectural documentation that does not exist in literature. In this context, it is asserted that the structural similarities discussed in earlier studies remain invalis since these structures are architectural elements of local culture. The applied method includes; a comprehensive literature review, gathering and evaluating etymological information on the use of the word “seren”, and documentation work undertaken at the site (interviews, reliefs and photographing) and finally the studying of these architectural formations in view of the gathered data. As a result of our study, it is determined that the architectural formation of bee yards were based on vernacular models for supplying the needs of settlers and the similarities with Lycian tombs were not based on objective, scientific grounds. Moreover, it was also discovered that the tradition of constructing bee yards came to an end during 1960s and there were no builders that build bee yards. It was observed that only one bee yard remained in use and others were both structurally and functionally in very poor condition as well as these architectural elements of vernacular folk culture would be preserved.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Elmalı ilçesi, Arı serenleri, Bal arısı, Halk mimarisi, Bal, Elmalı, Bee yards, Honeybee, Vernacular architecture, Honey
Kaynak
Milli Folklor Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Q2
Cilt
13
Sayı
102
Künye
Uysal, M., Arat, Y. (2014). Türk Halk Kültürünün Yerel Mimari Mirası “Arı Serenleri”. Milli Folklor Dergisi, 13, 102, 154-167.
