Neuroprotective Effects of Milrinone on Experimental Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Rat Model

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dc.contributor.authorArac, Densel
dc.contributor.authorErdi, Mehmet Fatih
dc.contributor.authorKeskin, Fatih
dc.contributor.authorKenan, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorCuce, Gokhan
dc.contributor.authorAydemir, Fatma H. Y.
dc.contributor.authorGuney, Onder
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-23T14:16:29Z
dc.date.available2024-02-23T14:16:29Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentNEÜen_US
dc.description.abstractOBJECTIVE: Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts nerve axons with devastating neurological consequences, but there is no effective clinical treatment. The secondary damage mechanism is a mainstay process, and it starts within a few minutes after trauma. We aim to investigate the neuroprotective effects of milrinone on the SCI model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 36 Wistar albino rats, each weighing 300-400 g, were randomly split into 4 groups that received different treatments: in group 1 (sham) (n = 9) control, only a laminectomy was performed; in group 2 (SCI) (n = 9), SCI was imitated after laminectomy; in group 3 (SCI + saline) (n = 9), physiological saline solution was injected intraperitoneally immediately after the SCI; and in group 4 (SCI + milrinone), milrinone was administered intraperitoneally on lateral decubitus position immediately after the SCI. Spinal cord contusion was established by the weight-drop technique after laminectomy. Neurological examination scores were recorded, and rats were killed 72 hours later. Serum and spinal cord tissue glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, 8-hydroxiguanosine, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels, histopathological spinal cord damage score, and apoptotic index were examined and compared between groups. RESULTS: Neurological examination scores were significantly better in the milrinone-treated group compared with groups 2 and 3. SCI significantly increased serum and spinal cord tissue glutathione peroxidase, total oxidant status, 8- hydroxiguanosine, and interleukin-6 levels that were successfully reduced with milrinone treatment. Interleukin-10 and total antioxidant status levels decreased as a result of SCI increased with milrinone treatment. Increased histopathological spinal cord damage score and apoptotic index in groups 2 and 3 significantly decreased in group 4. CONCLUSIONS: Milrinone could reduce apoptosis and increase anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mediators, thus playing a protective role in secondary nerve injury after SCI in rats.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.021
dc.identifier.endpageE233en_US
dc.identifier.issn1878-8750
dc.identifier.issn1878-8769
dc.identifier.pmid33316484en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85099358766en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpageE225en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.021
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/12674
dc.identifier.volume147en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000626743400026en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Science Incen_US
dc.relation.ispartofWorld Neurosurgeryen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectExperimentalen_US
dc.subjectMilrinoneen_US
dc.subjectRaten_US
dc.subjectSpinal Cord Injuryen_US
dc.titleNeuroprotective Effects of Milrinone on Experimental Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Rat Modelen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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