Osmanlı Ceza Hukukunda ve Türk Ceza Hukukunda Adil Yargılanma İlkesi
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Tarih
2022
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Adil yargılanmanın gerekliliği insan hakları fikrinin temeline dayanmaktadır. Evrensel nitelik kazanan adil yargılanma hakkının yok olması yahut ihlal edilmesi durumunda diğer tüm haklar da büyük tehlike ile karşı karşıya kalabilecektir. Gerçekten suçlu olan biri için bile adil yargılama yapılması insan haklarının bir gereğidir. Bu hak günümüz modern hukuktaki halini alana kadar çeşitli tarihi süreçlerden geçmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti'nde adaletin tecellisi her zaman önemsenmiştir. Çünkü İslam Hukukunu esas alan Osmanlı Hukukunda dini inançları gereği, adaletle hükmetmek ve zulme karşı durmak her zaman önemli meseleler olmuştur. Türk Ceza Hukukunda var olan ve yazılı metinlerimizle güvence altına alınan adil yargılanmanın ilkeleri Osmanlı Devleti'nde de uygulanmıştır. Bu ilkelere göre kişilerin bağımsız ve tarafsız mahkemelerde hak arama özgürlükleri mevcuttur. Yargılamalar aleni olmalı ve hak kayıplarına sebep olmamak için makul süre içerisinde tamamlanmalıdır. Yargılama sırasında şüpheli veya sanık, "masumiyet karinesinden" ve "şüpheden sanık yararlanır ilkesinden" yararlanmalıdır. İnsan hakları fikrinin doğuşundan itibaren adil yargılanma hakkı devletlerin gündeminde olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti'nde de mevcut olan bu hak, Türk Ceza Hukuku açısından Türkiye'nin de taraf olduğu uluslararası sözleşmelerle güvence altına alınmıştır.
The necessity of a fair trial is based on the idea of human rights. In the event that the universal right to a fair trial is destroyed or violated, all other rights may be faced with great danger. A fair trial is a requirement of human rights, even for someone who is truly guilty. Until this right took its form in modern law, it went through various historical processes. The manifestation of justice has always been considered important in the Ottoman Empire. Because in Ottoman Law, which is based on Islamic Law, ruling with justice and opposing oppression have always been important issues due to their religious beliefs. The principles of a fair trial, which exist in the Turkish Criminal Law and which are guaranteed by our written texts, were also applied in the Ottoman Empire. According to these principles, individuals have the right to legal remedies in independent and impartial courts. The proceedings should be public and completed within a reasonable time so as not to cause loss of rights. During the trial, the suspect or the accused should make use of "the presumption of innocence" and "in dubio pro reo". Since the naissance of the idea of human rights, the right to a fair trial has been on the agenda of states. This right, which is also present in the Ottoman State, is guaranteed by international conventions such as Turkish Criminal Law, to which Turkey is a party.
The necessity of a fair trial is based on the idea of human rights. In the event that the universal right to a fair trial is destroyed or violated, all other rights may be faced with great danger. A fair trial is a requirement of human rights, even for someone who is truly guilty. Until this right took its form in modern law, it went through various historical processes. The manifestation of justice has always been considered important in the Ottoman Empire. Because in Ottoman Law, which is based on Islamic Law, ruling with justice and opposing oppression have always been important issues due to their religious beliefs. The principles of a fair trial, which exist in the Turkish Criminal Law and which are guaranteed by our written texts, were also applied in the Ottoman Empire. According to these principles, individuals have the right to legal remedies in independent and impartial courts. The proceedings should be public and completed within a reasonable time so as not to cause loss of rights. During the trial, the suspect or the accused should make use of "the presumption of innocence" and "in dubio pro reo". Since the naissance of the idea of human rights, the right to a fair trial has been on the agenda of states. This right, which is also present in the Ottoman State, is guaranteed by international conventions such as Turkish Criminal Law, to which Turkey is a party.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Adalet, Adil Yargılanma Hakkı, Osmanlı Yargılaması, Tanzimat, İlkeler, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi, Justice, Fair Trial, Right to a Fair Trial, The Ottoman Trial, The Tanzimat, Principles, European Convention on Human Rights
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Künye
Duran, F. N. (2022). Osmanlı Ceza Hukukunda ve Türk Ceza Hukukunda Adil Yargılanma İlkesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Kamu Hukuku Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
