65-74 arası yaş grubu bireylerin COVID-19 pandemi süreciyle ilgili algı-davranış-tutumları ve ilişkili faktörler
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2022
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Hubei eyaleti Wuhan kentinden başlayıp, pandemi şeklinde tüm dünyada yayılan COVID-19'un farklı seyreden klinik prognozu, başlangıçta tam olarak bilinemeyen bulaşma şekli, görüldüğü yaş grupları ve hızla yayılımı hastalığın halk sağlığı açısından olumsuz pek çok etkisi olabileceğini göstermiştir. Yaşlıların kronik hastalıklar gibi sebeplerle daha fazla risk altında olmaları ve olumsuz klinik sonuçlara duyarlı olmaları sebebiyle değerlendirme ve tedavileri daha zordur. Bu durum onların pandeminin başlangıcından itibaren koruma altına alınmalarını mecburi kılmıştır. Bulaşın önlenmesi amacıyla alınan kısıtlama tedbirlerinde 65 yaş üstüne öncelik verilmiştir. Araştırmamızda pandemi sürecinde her yönden zor zamanlar ve mağduriyetler yaşayan 65-74 yaş arası bireylerin COVID-19 hastalığına karşı olan algı ve tutumlarının tespiti ile ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kesitsel tipte olup, yüzyüze anket yöntemiyle Konya İli Selçuklu İlçesi'nde 65-74 yaş arası 396 genç yaşlı birey ile yapılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılan anketin birinci bölümünde "kişisel bilgilerin" sorgulandığı bilgi formu bulunmaktadır. İkinci bölümde mutluluk ölçeği, üçüncü bölümde ise "Koronavirüs (COVİD-19) Salgınına Yönelik Algı ve Tutumları Değerlendirme Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Veri analizleri bilgisayar ortamında IBM SPSS 27.0 programında yapılmıştır. Veri analizinde Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan 396 bireyin %56,6'sı (n=224) kadın olup, %%55,3'ü (n=219) en az bir kronik hastalığa sahipti. Katılımcılardan %33,5'i (n=133) COVİD-19 hastalığı geçirmişti ve %95,2'si aşı olmuştu. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik özelliklerine göre pandemiye karşı edindikleri algılar incelendiğinde; cinsiyet ile nedenler algısı ve kaçınma davranışları arasında (sırasıyla p=0,047; p<0,001); kronik hastalık varlığı ile kontrol algısı ve kaçınma davranışları arasında (sırasıyla p<0,001; p=0,027) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edildi. COVİD-19 hastalığı geçirme durumu ile de hastalık algısı, nedenler algısı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edildi (sırasıyla p=0,047; p<0,001). Eğitim durumu ile nedenler algısı ve kaçınma davranışları arasında (sırasıyla p<0,001; p<0,001); aşı olma durumu ile de hastalık algısı alt ölçeği puan ortancası arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardı (p=0,011). COVİD-19 pandemisi sürecinde 65-74 yaş grubu genç yaşlıların yaşadıkları sorunların bilinmesi ve sürece yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesinin, bu gruba daha sonra verilecek hizmetlerin planlaması ve kanıta dayalı stratejilerin geliştirilmesi açısından faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Its clinical prognosis that progressed in a distinct way, its mode of transmission that was not fully known at the beginning, the age groups it was observed in, and its rapid spread indicated that COVID-19, which started in the city of Wuhan, the province of Hubei in China in December 2019 and spread all over the world in the form of a pandemic, might have many negative effects on public health. As the elderly are at a higher risk and are susceptible to negative clinical outcomes for reasons such as chronic diseases, their evaluation and treatment are more difficult. This has made it mandatory for them to be taken under protection since the beginning of the pandemic. In the restriction measures taken to prevent transmission, priority is given to those over the age of 65. The aim of our research was to determine the perceptions and attitudes of individuals aged 65-74 who have experienced difficult times and grievances in many aspects of life during the pandemic period, and to determine the factors affecting this situation. The research is a cross-sectional study and was conducted with 396 early elderly people between the ages of 65-74 through questionnares conducted in person in Selçuklu District in the province of Konya. In the first part of the questionnaire, there is an information form which was used as a data collection tool and in which "personal information" is collected. In the second part, the "happiness scale" developed by Demirci and Ekşi (2018) consisting of one dimension and six items, was used. In the third part, "Perceptions and Attitudes Towards the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic Assessment Scale", which consists of three sub-scales including disease perception, perception of causes and avoidance behaviors, was used. In total 56.6% (n=224) of the 396 individuals participating in the study were female, 55.3% (n=219) had at least one chronic disease, 33.5% (n=133) of the participants had previously contracted COVID-19 and 95.2% were vaccinated. When the perceptions of the participants against the pandemic according to their sociodemographic characteristics are examined; between gender and perception of reasons and avoidance behaviors (p=0.047; p<0.001, respectively); A statistically significant difference was found between the presence of chronic disease and the perception of control and avoidance behaviors (p<0.001; p=0.027, respectively). A statistically significant difference was found between the status of having COVID-19 disease and the perception of the disease and the perception of causes (p=0.047; p<0.001, respectively). Between educational status and perception of reasons and avoidance behaviors (p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively); there was a statistically significant difference between vaccination status and the median score of the disease perception subscale (p=0.011). It is thought that it will be useful to know the health and other problems experienced by early elderly in the 65-74 age group during the COVID-19 pandemic period and to evaluate their approach to the process in terms of planning the services to be provided to this group and developing evidence-based strategies.
Its clinical prognosis that progressed in a distinct way, its mode of transmission that was not fully known at the beginning, the age groups it was observed in, and its rapid spread indicated that COVID-19, which started in the city of Wuhan, the province of Hubei in China in December 2019 and spread all over the world in the form of a pandemic, might have many negative effects on public health. As the elderly are at a higher risk and are susceptible to negative clinical outcomes for reasons such as chronic diseases, their evaluation and treatment are more difficult. This has made it mandatory for them to be taken under protection since the beginning of the pandemic. In the restriction measures taken to prevent transmission, priority is given to those over the age of 65. The aim of our research was to determine the perceptions and attitudes of individuals aged 65-74 who have experienced difficult times and grievances in many aspects of life during the pandemic period, and to determine the factors affecting this situation. The research is a cross-sectional study and was conducted with 396 early elderly people between the ages of 65-74 through questionnares conducted in person in Selçuklu District in the province of Konya. In the first part of the questionnaire, there is an information form which was used as a data collection tool and in which "personal information" is collected. In the second part, the "happiness scale" developed by Demirci and Ekşi (2018) consisting of one dimension and six items, was used. In the third part, "Perceptions and Attitudes Towards the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic Assessment Scale", which consists of three sub-scales including disease perception, perception of causes and avoidance behaviors, was used. In total 56.6% (n=224) of the 396 individuals participating in the study were female, 55.3% (n=219) had at least one chronic disease, 33.5% (n=133) of the participants had previously contracted COVID-19 and 95.2% were vaccinated. When the perceptions of the participants against the pandemic according to their sociodemographic characteristics are examined; between gender and perception of reasons and avoidance behaviors (p=0.047; p<0.001, respectively); A statistically significant difference was found between the presence of chronic disease and the perception of control and avoidance behaviors (p<0.001; p=0.027, respectively). A statistically significant difference was found between the status of having COVID-19 disease and the perception of the disease and the perception of causes (p=0.047; p<0.001, respectively). Between educational status and perception of reasons and avoidance behaviors (p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively); there was a statistically significant difference between vaccination status and the median score of the disease perception subscale (p=0.011). It is thought that it will be useful to know the health and other problems experienced by early elderly in the 65-74 age group during the COVID-19 pandemic period and to evaluate their approach to the process in terms of planning the services to be provided to this group and developing evidence-based strategies.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yaşlı, COVID-19, Pandemi, Elderly, Pandemic
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WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Künye
Karabacak, V. (2022). 65-74 arası yaş grubu bireylerin COVID-19 pandemi süreciyle ilgili algı-davranış-tutumları ve ilişkili faktörler. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
