Muhammed İkbâl'de irade hürriyeti
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İrade hürriyeti problemi, düşünce tarihinde öteden beri genelde felsefenin özelde de din felsefesi ve ahlak felsefesinin problemlerinden biridir. İnsanı gerek felsefe gerekse din açısından bu kadar meşgul eden irade hürriyeti filozofumuzun da üzerinde felsefe yaptığı konulardandır. Çağdaş felsefe ve bilimin ışığında Muhammed İkbâl, kendi dönemindeki felsefi tartışmalardan yola çıkarak klasik İslam kaynaklarına dayanan irade hürriyetine dair özgün düşünceler geliştiren bir düşünürdür. Özgürlük insan için önemli bir problemdir. İnsanın eylemlerinden sorumlu olması için irade özgürlüğüne sahip olması gerekir. İkbâl'in düşüncesinde irade özgürlüğü hususu önemli bir yere sahiptir. Muhammed İkbâl'in hayatı, kişiliği ve eserleri hakkında öncelikle bilgi verilmiştir. Ardından irade, özgürlük ve irade özgürlüğü kavramlarına ve felsefe tarihinde bu konuda öne sürülen düşünceler incelenmiştir. İkbâl'in düşüncelerinden hareketle, evrendeki en küçük atomlardan insana, oradan "Mutlak Ego" olan Allah'a kadar uzanan bir hiyerarşide irade özgürlüğünün nasıl ortaya çıktığı değerlendirilmiştir. İnsanın özgür benliğini güçlendiren iradi unsurlar ile benliği zayıflatan ve yok eden iradi unsurlar konuya uygun şekilde analiz edilmiştir. İnsanın yeryüzünde halife olduğu vurgulanarak, özgürlüğü bağlamında sorumluluğuna da dikkat çekilmiştir. Tanrı'nın kendi kudretini sınırlamasından doğan özgürlük alanında insanın, benliğindeki güçleri harekete geçirerek kendine özgü bir kader yaratma yetisiyle özgürlüğünü ve gücünü nasıl paylaştığı tespit edilerek analiz edilmiştir. İkbâl'in tevhid anlayışı, iman ve ibadet bağlamında irade hürriyeti açısından değerlendirilmiştir. İkbâl'e göre Tanrı-insan ilişkisi bağlamında Tanrı'nın mutlak birliği (Tevhid–Mutlak Ego), ilmi, iradesi, kudreti ve yaratma fiilinin insan özgürlüğü üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. İkbâl'in irade özgürlüğü üzerinden kötülük problemi ve ölümsüzlük düşüncesine yaklaşımı da çalışmamızda çözümlemelerle ele alınmıştır.
The problem of free will has been one of the longstanding issues in the history of thought, generally within philosophy and specifically in the philosophy of religion and ethics. Free will, which has occupied humanity from both philosophical and religious perspectives, is among the subjects on which our philosopher has also reflected philosophically. In light of contemporary philosophy and science, Muhammad Iqbal, starting from the philosophical debates of his time and relying on classical Islamic sources, developed original ideas concerning free will. Freedom is an essential problem for humanity. For a person to be held responsible for their actions, they must possess free will. In Iqbal's thought, the issue of free will holds a significant place. The life, personality, and works of Muhammad Iqbal have been initially discussed. Subsequently, the concepts of will, freedom, and free will, along with the ideas proposed in the history of philosophy on these topics, have been examined. Based on Iqbal's thoughts, an evaluation has been made of how free will emerges within a hierarchy extending from the smallest atoms in the universe to humans and then to God, the "Absolute Ego." Volitional elements that strengthen the individual's free self and those that weaken or annihilate it have been analyzed appropriately. By emphasizing the human role as a vicegerent on Earth, attention has also been drawn to their responsibility in the context of freedom. Within the sphere of freedom derived from God's self-limitation of His omnipotence, an analysis has been conducted on how humans, by activating the powers within their selves, share their freedom and strength through their unique ability to create a destiny. Iqbal's understanding of tawhid (monotheism) has been evaluated in the context of free will, faith, and worship. In the context of the God-human relationship, Iqbal's examination of God's absolute unity (Tawhid–Absolute Ego), knowledge, will, power, and act of creation in relation to human freedom has been analyzed. Additionally, Iqbal's approach to the problem of evil and the concept of immortality through the lens of free will has been addressed with detailed analyses in this study.
The problem of free will has been one of the longstanding issues in the history of thought, generally within philosophy and specifically in the philosophy of religion and ethics. Free will, which has occupied humanity from both philosophical and religious perspectives, is among the subjects on which our philosopher has also reflected philosophically. In light of contemporary philosophy and science, Muhammad Iqbal, starting from the philosophical debates of his time and relying on classical Islamic sources, developed original ideas concerning free will. Freedom is an essential problem for humanity. For a person to be held responsible for their actions, they must possess free will. In Iqbal's thought, the issue of free will holds a significant place. The life, personality, and works of Muhammad Iqbal have been initially discussed. Subsequently, the concepts of will, freedom, and free will, along with the ideas proposed in the history of philosophy on these topics, have been examined. Based on Iqbal's thoughts, an evaluation has been made of how free will emerges within a hierarchy extending from the smallest atoms in the universe to humans and then to God, the "Absolute Ego." Volitional elements that strengthen the individual's free self and those that weaken or annihilate it have been analyzed appropriately. By emphasizing the human role as a vicegerent on Earth, attention has also been drawn to their responsibility in the context of freedom. Within the sphere of freedom derived from God's self-limitation of His omnipotence, an analysis has been conducted on how humans, by activating the powers within their selves, share their freedom and strength through their unique ability to create a destiny. Iqbal's understanding of tawhid (monotheism) has been evaluated in the context of free will, faith, and worship. In the context of the God-human relationship, Iqbal's examination of God's absolute unity (Tawhid–Absolute Ego), knowledge, will, power, and act of creation in relation to human freedom has been analyzed. Additionally, Iqbal's approach to the problem of evil and the concept of immortality through the lens of free will has been addressed with detailed analyses in this study.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Benlik Felsefesi, Kader, Ölümsüzlük, Özgür İrade, Sorumluluk, Tevhid, Philosophy of Self, Destiny, Immortality, Free Will, Responsibility, Tawhid
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Yılmaz, A. (2025). Muhammed İkbâl'de irade hürriyeti. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
