Amasya şehrinin fiziki oluşumunda vakıfların rolü (XIII-XVIII. yüzyıl)
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İslam medeniyetinin en önemli unsurlarından birisi de hiç şüphe yok ki vakıf müessesesidir. Hayırseverler tarafından dinî/hayrî gayelerle tesis edilen vakıflar İslam medeniyetini birçok yönden etkilemiştir. Özellikle Osmanlılar döneminde zirvesini yaşamış olan bu kurum; toplumdaki ekonomik, dini, sosyal, sağlık ve temizlik ihtiyaçları gibi günümüzde karşılanması devlet vazifesi sayılan ihtiyaçların, hayırseverler tarafından yapılan hayrat binalar ya da bu binaların hizmet ve yapılarının devamlılığı için kurulan vakıflar sayesinde giderilmesini sağlamıştır. Vakıflar, yerine getirdikleri bu hizmetlerle beraber kuruldukları yerlerde yeni bir şehrin ortaya çıkmasını sağladıkları gibi şehirlerin genişleme yönünün belirlenmesini de doğrudan etkileyerek fiziki yapının oluşmasında önemli bir faktör olmuşlardır. Nitekim hayırseverlerin gelir getirici unsurlar olarak vakfettikleri iktisadî unsurlar şehirlerin ticarî alanlarını oluştururken, yaptırdıkları hizmet binaları da dinî ve sosyal alanları olarak yerleşme ve genişleme de aslî unsurlar olmuşlardır. Öte yandan vakfedilen yeşil alanlar, temiz su kaynakları ve tahsis edilen temizliki kadroları, vakfın ebediliği ilkesi gereği şehirde yeşil alanların uzun yıllar korunmasını sağlamıştır. Bununla birlikte yapıların bakım-onarımının da yine vakıflar tarafından yerine getirilerek bu müesseselerin birçoğunun günümüze ulaşmasını sağlaması, çağının üzerinde bir çevrecilik anlayışının ürünüdür. Nitekim Amasya şehri 200 yıla yakın bir süre şehzade sancağı olması ve doğuda İran savaşlarında bir sınır şehri olması nedeniyle birçok hanedan üyesi ve üst bürokrasiden kişiler tarafından sayısız hayrat eserin ve bunların ihtiyaçları için gelirlerin vakfedildiği örneklerin görüldüğü bir şehir olmuştur. Arşiv vesikaları ve araştırma kaynaklarından yararlanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada Amasya şehrinin fiziki oluşumunda vakıf kurumunun rolünün çok önemli bir paya sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
There is no doubt that one of the most important elements of Islamic civilization is the waqf institution. Waqfs established by philanthropists for religious/charitable purposes have influenced Islamic civilization in many ways. This waqfs, which has experienced its peak especially during the Ottoman period, has ensured that the needs that are considered the duty of the state to meet today, such as economic, religious, social, health and cleaning needs in society, are met thanks to charitable buildings built by philanthropists or foundations established for the continuity of the services and structures of these buildings. Waqfs, together with these services they perform, have ensured the emergence of a new city in the places where they were established, as well as directly influencing the determination of the direction of expansion of cities, becoming an important factor in the formation of the physical structure. As a matter of fact, while the economic elements that philanthropists have dedicated as income-generating elements constitute the commercial areas of cities, the service buildings they have built have also become the main elements of settlement and expansion as religious and social areas. On the other hand, the green areas donated, clean water resources and allocated cleaning staff have ensured the protection of green areas in the city for many years in accordance with the principle of the perpetuity of the foundation. However, the fact that the maintenance and repair of the structures are also carried out by the foundations and ensure that many of these institutions have reached the present day is the product of an understanding of environmentalism that is above its era. As a matter of fact, Amasya city has been a city where countless charitable works and examples of income have been donated for their needs by many dynasty members and people from the upper bureaucracy due to the fact that it has been the sanjak of the prince for close to 200 years and was a border city during the Iranian wars in the east. In this study, prepared by using archival documents and research resources, it has been seen that the role of the waqf institution has a very important share in the physical formation of the city of Amasya.
There is no doubt that one of the most important elements of Islamic civilization is the waqf institution. Waqfs established by philanthropists for religious/charitable purposes have influenced Islamic civilization in many ways. This waqfs, which has experienced its peak especially during the Ottoman period, has ensured that the needs that are considered the duty of the state to meet today, such as economic, religious, social, health and cleaning needs in society, are met thanks to charitable buildings built by philanthropists or foundations established for the continuity of the services and structures of these buildings. Waqfs, together with these services they perform, have ensured the emergence of a new city in the places where they were established, as well as directly influencing the determination of the direction of expansion of cities, becoming an important factor in the formation of the physical structure. As a matter of fact, while the economic elements that philanthropists have dedicated as income-generating elements constitute the commercial areas of cities, the service buildings they have built have also become the main elements of settlement and expansion as religious and social areas. On the other hand, the green areas donated, clean water resources and allocated cleaning staff have ensured the protection of green areas in the city for many years in accordance with the principle of the perpetuity of the foundation. However, the fact that the maintenance and repair of the structures are also carried out by the foundations and ensure that many of these institutions have reached the present day is the product of an understanding of environmentalism that is above its era. As a matter of fact, Amasya city has been a city where countless charitable works and examples of income have been donated for their needs by many dynasty members and people from the upper bureaucracy due to the fact that it has been the sanjak of the prince for close to 200 years and was a border city during the Iranian wars in the east. In this study, prepared by using archival documents and research resources, it has been seen that the role of the waqf institution has a very important share in the physical formation of the city of Amasya.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Amasya, Şehir, Vakıf, Çevre, Hayrat, Amasya, City, Waqf, Environment, Charity
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Türkmen, Ö. S. (2023). Amasya şehrinin fiziki oluşumunda vakıfların rolü (XIII-XVIII. yüzyıl). (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
