İngiliz oryantalistlerinden Sir William Muir'in Hz. Osman dönemi hakkındaki değerlendirmeleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hz. Peygamber'in vefatı ile Müslümanların karşı karşıya kaldıkları ilk mesele "hilafet" meselesidir. Sırasıyla Hz. Ebû Bekir, Hz. Ömer, Hz. Osman ve Hz. Ali'nin halifelik yaptıkları döneme Hulefâ-yi Râşidîn dönemi denmektedir. Hz. Ebû Bekir ve Hz. Ömer'in halifelikleri; İslâm'ın farklı coğrafyalara yayıldığı, sistemini tesis etme noktasında devletin ilerleme kaydettiği ve umumiyetle İslâm ve Müslümanlar adına müspet gelişmelerin yaşandığı devirler olmuştur. Hz. Ömer'in ardından halife olarak biat alan Hz. Osman'ın hilafet devri ise günümüzde dahi menfî tesirleri müşahede edilen ve pek çok nedenin eşlik ettiği hadiselere tanık olmuştur. Müslüman müverrihlerin eserlerine erken tarihlerden itibaren konu olan Hz. Osman halifeliği dönemi, Hristiyan Batı dünyasının uhdesinde çalışmalar yürüten oryantalistler tarafından da araştırma konusu edilmiştir. Şarkiyatçılığının yanı sıra misyoner hüviyeti ile de temayüz eden Sir William Muir de bunlardan birisidir. O, İslâm'a dair pek çok çalışma yapmakla birlikte Hz. Peygamber ve onun halefleri hakkında da telifatta bulunmuş; bu anlamda Annals of Early Caliphate ve The Caliphate Its Rise, Decline and Fall adlı eserlerinde Hz. Osman dönemi üzerinde durmuştur. Adı geçen eserlerinde yazar; ilk dönem İslâm Tarihi kaynaklarından faydalanmak suretiyle Hz. Osman döneminin tasvîrî anlatımını bazı değerlendirmeler eşliğinde sunmuştur. Müellifin bunu yaparken ortaya koyduğu akademik ve ilmî tavır ise 19. yüzyılın baskın şarkiyatçı yaklaşımından izler taşımaktadır. İslâm Tarihi araştırmacısı olarak biz de Sir William Muir'in "Üçüncü Râşid Halife" hakkındaki nakil ve değerlendirmelerini ilim dünyasına kazandırmayı ve bunların akademik kritiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlıyoruz.
The first issue that Muslims faced after the death of the Prophet Muhammad was the issue of "Caliphate". The period in which Abu Bakr, Omar, Uthman and Ali became caliphs is called the period of "al-Khulafā' al-Rāshidūn". The caliphates of Abu Bakr and Omar were periods in which Islam spread to different geographies, the state made progress in establishing its system, and generally positive developments were experienced on behalf of Islam and Muslims. On the other hand, the caliphate of Uthman, who took the oath of allegiance as caliph after Omar, witnessed events whose negative effects are observed even today and were accompanied by many reasons. The period of the caliphate of Uthman, which has been the subject of the works of Muslim historians from early on, has also been the subject of research by orientalists working under the auspices of the Christian Western world. Sir William Muir, who distinguished himself as a missionary as well as an orientalist, was one of them. In addition to his many studies on Islam, he also wrote about the Prophet Muhammad and his successors; in this sense, in his works Annals of Early Caliphate and The Caliphate Its Rise, Decline and Fall, he also focused on the period of Uthman. In the mentioned works, the writer; by making use of early Islamic history sources, he presented the descriptive narrative of the Uthman period to the reader by making some evaluations. The author's academic and scholarly attitude in doing so is in line with the dominant orientalist approach of the 19th century.
The first issue that Muslims faced after the death of the Prophet Muhammad was the issue of "Caliphate". The period in which Abu Bakr, Omar, Uthman and Ali became caliphs is called the period of "al-Khulafā' al-Rāshidūn". The caliphates of Abu Bakr and Omar were periods in which Islam spread to different geographies, the state made progress in establishing its system, and generally positive developments were experienced on behalf of Islam and Muslims. On the other hand, the caliphate of Uthman, who took the oath of allegiance as caliph after Omar, witnessed events whose negative effects are observed even today and were accompanied by many reasons. The period of the caliphate of Uthman, which has been the subject of the works of Muslim historians from early on, has also been the subject of research by orientalists working under the auspices of the Christian Western world. Sir William Muir, who distinguished himself as a missionary as well as an orientalist, was one of them. In addition to his many studies on Islam, he also wrote about the Prophet Muhammad and his successors; in this sense, in his works Annals of Early Caliphate and The Caliphate Its Rise, Decline and Fall, he also focused on the period of Uthman. In the mentioned works, the writer; by making use of early Islamic history sources, he presented the descriptive narrative of the Uthman period to the reader by making some evaluations. The author's academic and scholarly attitude in doing so is in line with the dominant orientalist approach of the 19th century.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
İslâm Tarihi, Oryantalizm, William Muir, Hilafet, Hz. Osman, Islamic History, Orientalism, William Muir, Caliphate, Uthman
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Sayı
Künye
Göçer, A. (2024). İngiliz oryantalistlerinden Sir William Muir'in Hz. Osman dönemi hakkındaki değerlendirmeleri. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İslam Tarihi ve Sanatları Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
