Cezalı çocuk mekanları
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Suç ve ceza kavramlarının tarihçesi ilk insana kadar dayanmaktadır. İnsanoğlu beraber yaşadığı toplumda sözlü veya yazılı koyduğu düzene karşı çıkan bireylerin davranışlarını suç olarak nitelendirmektedir. Suç işlediği kabul edilen bireyler ise cezalandırılmaktadırlar. Suç ve ceza topluma, geleneklere, göreneklere, adetlere, yaşam şekillerine, kanunlara ve zamana göre değişmiştir. Ceza kavramının tarihçesi incelendiğinde tarihi süreç içerisinde cezaların bedensel cezalardan hürriyeti bağlayıcı cezalara geçiş yapıldığı gözlenmektedir. Hürriyeti bağlayıcı cezalarla beraber bireyler kapatılmaya başlanmıştır. Kapatılma eyleminin ilk başlaması yalnızca suçluları değil toplum tarafından kabul görmeyen akıl hastalarını, evsizleri, sokak çocuklarını ve hastaları da kapsamaktadır. Kapatılmanın ilk amacı toplum tarafından kabul görmeyen grubu gözetim altına almakken zaman içerisinde kapatılmanın sebebi suçlu bireyleri topluma geri kazandırmak olmuştur. İlk kapatılma mekanları kaleler, zindanlar gibi suçluların beden cezalarını görmeleri için bekletildikleri geçici mekanlarken, hürriyeti bağlayıcı cezalarla beraber cezaevi kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Cezaevleri on dokuzuncu yüzyılda mahkumların cezalandırılma şekillerine göre biçimlenmiş, yirminci yüzyılda mekanların tipolojilerine göre şekillenmiştir. Türkiye'de yirminci yüzyılla beraber suçluların suçlarına göre harflerle adlandırılan tip projeler tasarlanmıştır. Çocuk ve yetişkinlerin suç işlemeleri aynı kabul edilmemektedir. Yetişkinler suç işlerken çocuklar suça itilmiş kabul edilmektedirler. Bir çocuğun işlediği suç çocuğun değil toplumun suçudur. Çocuklar ceza almak yerine topluma tekrar kazandırılmalıdırlar ve iyileşme süreci içerisinde çocuk haklarından faydalanacakları mekanlarda yaşamaya devam etmelidirler. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye'deki cezaevlerindeki çocuk mekanları tespit edilmiştir. Çocuklar 3 tip cezaevinde kalmaktadır. Bunlar; karışık cezaevlerinde kadın ve çocuk için bölümü olan cezaevleri, çocuk kapalı cezaevleri ve çocuk eğitim evleridir. Literatür araştırmasıyla çocuklara optimum fayda sağlayacak çocuk ceza mekanları tespit edilmiştir. Psikologlar ve suça itilmiş çocuklarla yapılan anket ve görüşmeler sonucu tespit edilen çocuk ceza mekanları sorgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda var olan çocuk cezaevlerinin mekânsal sorgulaması yapılarak olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri tespit edilmiştir.
The history of crime and punishment dates back to the primitive man. Mankind considers the behavior of individuals who oppose the verbal or written order in the society they live with as a crime. People who are considered to have committed a crime are punished. The understanding of crime and punishment has changed based on customs, traditions, practices, modes of living, laws and era. When the history of the concept of crime is examined, it is observed that throughout the historical process, criminal penalties have transitioned from physical punishments to punishments that restrict freedom. People have begun to be imprisoned after the onset of punishments restricting freedom. The early acts of imprisonment included not only criminals, but also mental patients, homeless people, ragamuffins and patients who were not welcomed by the society. While the first objective of imprisonment was to detain the group of people who were not welcomed by the society, the purpose of imprisonment eventually has turned into the reintegration of criminal individuals into the society. While the earliest places of imprisonment were temporary places such as castles and dungeons where criminals were prisoned to serve their sentences as physical punishments, the concept of prison has emerged with the onset of punishments that restrict freedom. In the nineteenth century, prisons were shaped according to the punishment patterns of prisoners, whereas in the twentieth century, they were shaped according to the typologies of places. In Turkey, in the twentieth century, different types of projects were designed, being referred to in letters according to the types of criminal offenses. Crimes committed by children and adults are not considered the same. Adults are considered to commit crimes, whereas children are considered to be criminalized. A crime committed by a child is not the crime of the child, but of the society. Children should be reintegrated to the society rather than punished, and they should continue to live in places where they will benefit from the children's rights during the integration process. In the scope of the study, children's places in prisons in Turkey were identified. Children stayed in 3 types of prison. These were prisons with sections for women and children in mixed prisons, closed juvenile detention centers, and juvenile correctional facilities. Juvenile punishment places that would provide an optimum benefit to children were identified through a literature review. Juvenile punishment places were questioned after they were identified through questionnaires and interviews that were carried out with psychologists and criminalized children. In this context, the spatial questioning of the existing juvenile prisons were carried out, and their pros and cons were determined.
The history of crime and punishment dates back to the primitive man. Mankind considers the behavior of individuals who oppose the verbal or written order in the society they live with as a crime. People who are considered to have committed a crime are punished. The understanding of crime and punishment has changed based on customs, traditions, practices, modes of living, laws and era. When the history of the concept of crime is examined, it is observed that throughout the historical process, criminal penalties have transitioned from physical punishments to punishments that restrict freedom. People have begun to be imprisoned after the onset of punishments restricting freedom. The early acts of imprisonment included not only criminals, but also mental patients, homeless people, ragamuffins and patients who were not welcomed by the society. While the first objective of imprisonment was to detain the group of people who were not welcomed by the society, the purpose of imprisonment eventually has turned into the reintegration of criminal individuals into the society. While the earliest places of imprisonment were temporary places such as castles and dungeons where criminals were prisoned to serve their sentences as physical punishments, the concept of prison has emerged with the onset of punishments that restrict freedom. In the nineteenth century, prisons were shaped according to the punishment patterns of prisoners, whereas in the twentieth century, they were shaped according to the typologies of places. In Turkey, in the twentieth century, different types of projects were designed, being referred to in letters according to the types of criminal offenses. Crimes committed by children and adults are not considered the same. Adults are considered to commit crimes, whereas children are considered to be criminalized. A crime committed by a child is not the crime of the child, but of the society. Children should be reintegrated to the society rather than punished, and they should continue to live in places where they will benefit from the children's rights during the integration process. In the scope of the study, children's places in prisons in Turkey were identified. Children stayed in 3 types of prison. These were prisons with sections for women and children in mixed prisons, closed juvenile detention centers, and juvenile correctional facilities. Juvenile punishment places that would provide an optimum benefit to children were identified through a literature review. Juvenile punishment places were questioned after they were identified through questionnaires and interviews that were carried out with psychologists and criminalized children. In this context, the spatial questioning of the existing juvenile prisons were carried out, and their pros and cons were determined.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cezaevleri, Çocuk cezaevleri, Eğitim evleri, Islahevleri, Suç ve ceza, Suça itilmiş çocuklar, Prisons, Juvenile prisons, Correctional facilities, Detention centers, Crime and punishment, Criminalized children
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Sayar, G. (2018). Cezalı çocuk mekanları. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
