İslam hukukunda hava durumu ve iklimin taharet ve namazla ilgili hükümlere etkisi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İslam dini, insanların her yaş ve çağda ihtiyaç duyduğu ahlakî ilkelerle Müslümanların ibadet, muamelat ve ukûbâta dair eylemlerini ilgilendiren hukukî prensipler içerir. Bu hukuk sistemi, Kur'an-ı Kerim ve Sünnet üzerine teşri edilmesi sebebiyle ilahî vasfa sahip olsa da fukahânın farklı usullere, coğrafyaya, zaman ve bakış açılarına sahip olmaları sebebiyle de farklı fıkıh mezhepleri adı altında derinleştirildiğinden beşerî özelliğe de sahiptir. İslam hukuku coğrafya ve içinde bulunulan zamana göre esneklik göstermesi sebebiyle de doğma değil, esnekliğe sahip özelliklere sahip bir hukuk sistemidir. Öte yandan İslam hukukunda ibadetler ve muamelat hükümleri bakımından mükelleflerin yaşı ve dönemi gibi kişisel şartlarla çevre ve iklim şartları gibi bazı haricî etkenler bazı hükümlerin geçici, bazen de kısmen ya da daimî olarak terkedilmesi imkânı da sağlayan özelliklere sahiptir. İnsan iradesi ve gücü dışında cereyan eden bu haricî etkenlerden ikim şartları ile çevresel bazı semavî ve arazî faktörlerin hayatımızı etkilemesi kaçınılmazdır. Hava durumu ve iklim şartları gibi doğal değişkenler; ister ibadetler, ister muamelattan günlük yaşamın pratiklerine kadar birçok alanı etkileyebilir. Bu nedenle, İslam hukukunun uygulanmasında, iklim şartlarının dikkate alınması zorunluluktur. Bu araştırmada, hava durumu ve iklim şartlarının fert ve cemaat halinde icra edilen ibadetlerle ilgili dinî hükümlere olan etkileri anlaşılmaya çalışılmış ve fıkhî hükümlerdeki geçici ya da daimî değişim, mezheplere göre kapsamlı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu analiz, mevcut İslam hukuku kaynaklarının titizlikle incelenmesi ve fıkıh kitaplarında dağınık vaziyetteki hava durumu ve iklimle bağlantılı farklı hükümlerle uygulamaların bir araya getirilmesi suretiyle gerçekleştirilmeye gerçekleştirilmiştir.
The religion of Islam contains moral principles that people need in every age and age, and legal principles that concern the actions of Muslims in worship, transactions, and judgement. Although this legal system has a divine characteristic because it is based on the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah, it also has a human characteristic because it is deepened under the name of different fiqh sects due to the different methods, geography, time and perspectives of the jurists. Since Islamic law is flexible according to geography and time, it is a legal system that is not born but has flexible features. On the other hand, personal conditions such as the age and period of the taxpayers and some external factors such as the environment and climatic conditions in terms of the provisions of worship and transaction in Islamic law have features that allow some provisions to be temporarily, sometimes partially or permanently abandoned. It is inevitable that some of these external factors, such as climatic conditions and environmental, celestial and terrestrial factors, which are beyond human will and power, affect our lives. Natural variables such as weather and climatic conditions can affect many areas from worship and transactions to the practices of daily life. Therefore, it is imperative to consider climatic conditions in the application of Islamic law. In this study, the effects of weather and climatic conditions on religious rulings related to individual and congregational acts of worship have been tried to be understood and the temporary or permanent changes in jurisprudential rulings have been analysed comprehensively according to the sects. This analysis has been carried out by meticulously examining the existing Islamic law sources and bringing together different provisions and practices related to weather and climate, which are scattered in fiqh books.
The religion of Islam contains moral principles that people need in every age and age, and legal principles that concern the actions of Muslims in worship, transactions, and judgement. Although this legal system has a divine characteristic because it is based on the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah, it also has a human characteristic because it is deepened under the name of different fiqh sects due to the different methods, geography, time and perspectives of the jurists. Since Islamic law is flexible according to geography and time, it is a legal system that is not born but has flexible features. On the other hand, personal conditions such as the age and period of the taxpayers and some external factors such as the environment and climatic conditions in terms of the provisions of worship and transaction in Islamic law have features that allow some provisions to be temporarily, sometimes partially or permanently abandoned. It is inevitable that some of these external factors, such as climatic conditions and environmental, celestial and terrestrial factors, which are beyond human will and power, affect our lives. Natural variables such as weather and climatic conditions can affect many areas from worship and transactions to the practices of daily life. Therefore, it is imperative to consider climatic conditions in the application of Islamic law. In this study, the effects of weather and climatic conditions on religious rulings related to individual and congregational acts of worship have been tried to be understood and the temporary or permanent changes in jurisprudential rulings have been analysed comprehensively according to the sects. This analysis has been carried out by meticulously examining the existing Islamic law sources and bringing together different provisions and practices related to weather and climate, which are scattered in fiqh books.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
İslam Hukuku, Zaruret Hali, İklim, Hava Durumu, Taharet, Namaz, Islamic Law, State of Necessity, Climate, Weather, Taharah, Prayer
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Altveş, A. (2024). İslam hukukunda hava durumu ve iklimin taharet ve namazla ilgili hükümlere etkisi. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Temel İslam Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
