Böhmit Üretimi, Karakterizasyonu ve Endüstriyel Alumina Üretimine Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
Özet
Boksit mineralinden başlanarak metalik alüminyuma kadar üretim yapan entegre tesislerden birisi olan Eti Alüminyum A.Ş Seydişehir işletmesi, cevherden başlayıp saf metal üretimi yapan Dünya'da ender tesislerdendir. Eti Alüminyum A.Ş aynı zamanda ülkemizdeki tek alüminyum hidroksit üreticisi konumundadır ve Türkiye'de çıkarılan böhmitik yapıdaki boksit madenine de sahiptir. Boksit mineralinden elde edilebilen alüminyum hidroksit (Al(OH)3), böhmit (AlOOH), bayerit, diaspor yapılarının kristal yapıları farklı olup üretimi ve kullanım alanları da farklılık göstermektedir. Dünyada önemi giderek artan ve kullanım alanı da oldukça fazla olan böhmitik alüminyum hidroksitin üretimi ülkemizde yapılmamaktadır. Alüminyum tuzlarından ve alüminyum hidroksit gibi kaynaklardan kristallendirme ve hidrotermal proses ile üretimi yapılabilen böhmit; katalizör, cam, absorban, kompozit dolgu maddesi gibi geniş bir uygulama alanına sahiptir. Bu çalışmada gibsitik alüminyum hidroksit kaynağından başlanarak hidrotermal proses ile böhmit sentezi yapılmıştır. Hidrotermal proseste çeşitli sıcaklık, reaksiyon süresi ve ortam pH'ının etkilerinin araştırılması amacıyla çeşitli deneyler gerçekleştirildikten sonra optimum şartlar 200°C, 60 dakika ve pH=7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Deneylerden elde edilen numunelerin safsızlık analizleri X-ışınları floresans (XRF) (Thermo Arl advant'x) spektroskopisi, kristal yapı analizi X-ışınları kırınımı (XRD) (Gnr Explorer) spektroskopisi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca yapısal analizde FTIR (Nicolet iS5 ) ve Raman (Renishaw Invia Reflex Confocal) spektroskopilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Üretilen tozların parçacık boyut analizleri Malvern 2000S cihazıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca morfolojik özelliklerin belirlenmesinde taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) (Leo-Evo 40xVP) kullanılmıştır. Deneyler sonucunda elde edilen böhmit yapısında soda miktarının \%80 oranında azaltılarak saflığı yüksek böhmit elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Sentezlenen böhmit kullanılarak \%99,9 saflıkta düşük sodalı ve yüksek alfa fazında kristallenmiş alümina elde edilmiştir. Böhmit kalsinasyonuyla hazırlanan bu ürün, firmanın hali hazırda ticari olarak ürün listesinde bulunan alfa-alumina ile karşılaştırılarak ürün kalitesindeki değişim araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre böhmit üzerinden hazırlanan alümina \%80 daha az sodalı, \%99,9 saflıktadır. Ayrıca elde edilen ürünün nihai ürüne kadar geçireceği işlemlerin enerji hesaplamaları ve piyasa değeri dikkate alınarak yapılan değerlendirmelerde ürünün ticari değerinin de \%50 oranında arttığı belirlenmiştir.
Eti Aluminum A.Ş Seydişehir facility, which is one of the integrated facilities producing from bauxite mineral to metallic aluminum, is one of the rare facilities in the world that starts from ore and produces pure metal. Eti Aluminum A.Ş is also the only aluminum hydroxide producer in our country and has a boehmitic bauxite mine extracted in Turkey. The crystal structures of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), boehmite (AlOOH), bayerite and diaspore, which can be obtained from bauxite, are different, and their production and usage areas also differ. The production of boehmitic aluminum hydroxide, which is increasingly important in the world and its usage area is quite high, is not made in our country. Bohmite, which can be produced by crystallization and hydrothermal process from aluminum salts and sources such as aluminum hydroxide; It has a wide range of applications such as catalyst, glass, absorbent, composite filler. In this study, boehmite was synthesized by hydrothermal process starting from gibbsitic aluminum hydroxide source. After various experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of various temperatures, reaction times and ambient pH in the hydrothermal process, the optimum conditions were determined as 200°C, 60 minutes and pH=7. The impurity analyzes of the samples obtained from the experiments were performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Thermo Arl advant'x) spectroscopy, crystal structure analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Gnr Explorer) spectroscopy. In addition, FTIR (Nicolet iS5) and Raman (Renishaw Invia Reflex Confocal) spectroscopies were used in structural analysis. Particle size analyzes of the produced powders were carried out with the Malvern 2000S device. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Leo-Evo 40xVP) was used to determine morphological features. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that the amount of soda in the bohmite structure obtained was reduced by 80\% and high purity bohmite was obtained. By using the synthesized boehmite, 99.9\% pure low-sodium and high alpha phase crystallized alumina was obtained. This product, which was prepared with Böhmit calcination, was compared with alpha-alumina, which is currently in the product list of the company, and the change in product quality was investigated. According to the data obtained, the alumina prepared from bohmite has 80\% less soda and 99.9\% purity. In addition, it has been determined that the commercial value of the product has increased by 50\% in the evaluations made by considering the energy calculations of the processes that the obtained product will go through until the final product and market value.
Eti Aluminum A.Ş Seydişehir facility, which is one of the integrated facilities producing from bauxite mineral to metallic aluminum, is one of the rare facilities in the world that starts from ore and produces pure metal. Eti Aluminum A.Ş is also the only aluminum hydroxide producer in our country and has a boehmitic bauxite mine extracted in Turkey. The crystal structures of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), boehmite (AlOOH), bayerite and diaspore, which can be obtained from bauxite, are different, and their production and usage areas also differ. The production of boehmitic aluminum hydroxide, which is increasingly important in the world and its usage area is quite high, is not made in our country. Bohmite, which can be produced by crystallization and hydrothermal process from aluminum salts and sources such as aluminum hydroxide; It has a wide range of applications such as catalyst, glass, absorbent, composite filler. In this study, boehmite was synthesized by hydrothermal process starting from gibbsitic aluminum hydroxide source. After various experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of various temperatures, reaction times and ambient pH in the hydrothermal process, the optimum conditions were determined as 200°C, 60 minutes and pH=7. The impurity analyzes of the samples obtained from the experiments were performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Thermo Arl advant'x) spectroscopy, crystal structure analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Gnr Explorer) spectroscopy. In addition, FTIR (Nicolet iS5) and Raman (Renishaw Invia Reflex Confocal) spectroscopies were used in structural analysis. Particle size analyzes of the produced powders were carried out with the Malvern 2000S device. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Leo-Evo 40xVP) was used to determine morphological features. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that the amount of soda in the bohmite structure obtained was reduced by 80\% and high purity bohmite was obtained. By using the synthesized boehmite, 99.9\% pure low-sodium and high alpha phase crystallized alumina was obtained. This product, which was prepared with Böhmit calcination, was compared with alpha-alumina, which is currently in the product list of the company, and the change in product quality was investigated. According to the data obtained, the alumina prepared from bohmite has 80\% less soda and 99.9\% purity. In addition, it has been determined that the commercial value of the product has increased by 50\% in the evaluations made by considering the energy calculations of the processes that the obtained product will go through until the final product and market value.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Böhmit sentezi, Hidrotermal sentez, Böhmit, Yüksek Saflıkta Alümina, Boehmite synthesis, Hydrothermal synthesis, Boehmite, High Purity Alumina
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Toy, Ö. F. (2021). Böhmit üretimi, karakterizasyonu ve endüstriyel alumina üretimine etkilerinin araştırılması. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
