Ebeveynlerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin çocukluk çağı aşılarına karşı tutumlarına etkisinin araştırılması
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amaç: Son yıllarda ülkemizde ve dünyada aşılara karşı olan güvensizlik ve tereddüt giderek artmaktadır. Bu tereddütler nedeniyle aşı reddi yaşanabilmektedir. Özellikle çocukların bağışıklığında etkin olmakla birlikte toplum bağışıklığında büyük rol oynayan çocukluk aşılarının ihmal edilmesi önemli bir sorundur. Bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ise aşılara karşı tereddüdü belirleyebilecek etkenler arasındadır. Çocukluk aşılarına ebeveynlerin karar veriyor olması, ebeveynlerin aşılar hakkında doğru bilgileri edinebilme kapasitesini daha da önemli kılmaktadır. Bu sebepler dolayısıyla, bu çalışmada ebeveynlerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin rutin çocukluk çağı aşılarına karşı olan tutumlarına etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışmaya Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi (NEÜ) Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniğine herhangi bir nedenle başvuran 405 ebeveyn dahil edildi. Literatür doğrultusunda oluşturulan anket formunda; sosyodemografik ve aşılama ile ilgili soruların olduğu bilgi formu, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (SOYÖ) ve Çocukluk Çağı Aşıları Hakkında Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği (ÇAETÖ) yer aldı. SOYÖ, fonksiyonel, interaktif ve eleştirel olmak üzere üç alt boyuttan oluşmakta ve alınan toplam puan arttıkça sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin arttığını göstermektedir. ÇAETÖ, davranış, tutum ve güvenlik-etkililik olarak üç alt boyuttan oluşmakta olup alınan puanlara göre aşı tereddüt varlığını gösteren bir ölçektir. Oluşturulan anket formu Google Forms ile online ve araştırmacı tarafından yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile uygulandı. Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS) 20.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edildi. p<0,05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan ebeveynlerin yaş ortalamaları 35,34±6,55 (min=18, maks=59) yıl olup, %52,6’sı (n=213) 35 yaş ve üzerindeydi. Katılımcıların %76,5’i (n=310) kadın, %94,3’ü (n=382) evli, %51,6’ü (n=205) lise ve altı eğitim durumuna sahip, %52,6’sı (n=213) çalışıyor, %56,5’inin (n=229) geliri giderine denk idi. Katılımcıların %72,3’ünün (n=293) 2 ve altı çocuğu vardı, %49,4’ü (n=200) sağlıkla ilgili konularda bilgi edinme kaynağı olarak en sık sağlık çalışanlarına başvurmaktaydı, %94,3’ü (n=382) çocuğuna ücretsiz çocukluk çağı aşılarının tümünü yaptırmış veya yaptırmayı düşünmekteydi. Kadınların SOYÖ puanı (52,02±9,38) erkeklere göre (49,79±9,39) anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulundu (p=0,044). Üniversite ve üzeri eğitim durumu olan ebeveynlerin lise ve altı eğitim düzeyi olan ebeveynlere göre; 2 ve altı çocuğu olan katılımcıların 3 ve üzeri çocuğu olan katılımcılara göre interaktif alt boyut puanı eleştirel alt boyut puanı ve toplam SOYÖ puanı anlamlı derecede daha yüksek saptandı (p<0,001). Katılımcıların geliri giderinden fazla olanların (53,38±10,23) geliri giderinden az olanlara (49,38±8,92) göre SOYÖ puanı daha yüksekti (p=0,015). Cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, çalışma durumu, gelir durumunun, çocuk sayısının aşı tereddüdü üzerine anlamlı etkisi olmadığı görüldü. Sağlıkla ilgili bilgi edinmek için diğer kaynaklara (internet, yazılı kaynaklar, televizyon) başvuran ebeveynlerin, sağlık çalışanlarına başvuran ebeveynlere göre; aşı tereddüt oranları anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p=0,004). Çocuklarına bazı aşıları yaptırmayan veya yaptırmayı düşünmeyen katılımcıların ise çocuklarına tüm aşıları yaptıran veya yaptırmayı düşünen katılımcılara göre aşı tereddütleri daha yüksek saptandı (p<0,001). SOYÖ fonksiyonel alt boyutu, interaktif alt boyutu ve toplam puanı ile ÇAETÖ tutum alt boyutu puanları arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir korelasyon tespit edildi (sırasıyla r=-0,102, r=-0,164, r=-0,163; sırasıyla p=0,040, p=0,001, p=0,001).
Sonuç: Sunulan çalışmada kadın cinsiyetinin, üniversite ve üzeri eğitim durumunun, 2 ve altı çocuk sahibi olmanın sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyini olumlu yönde etkilediği görüldü. Sağlıkla ilgili bilgi edinmek için sağlık çalışanı dışında internet gibi kaynaklara başvuran ebeveynlerin aşı tereddütlerinin daha yüksek olması dikkat çekiciydi. Sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin aşı tereddüdü konusunda anlamlı bir fark yaratmadığı saptansa da genel olarak aşı tereddüdü olan katılımcıların olmayanlara göre sağlık okuryazarlık puanlarının daha düşük olduğu görüldü. Son yıllarda artan aşı tereddüdünün azaltılabilmesi için sağlık okuryazarlığının daha etkin bir şekilde geliştirilmesi ve sosyal medya ile internet ortamında yayılan yanlış ve yanıltıcı bilgilerin kontrol altına alınması büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Aim: In recent years, mistrust and hesitation against vaccines have been increasing in our country and around the world. Vaccine refusal may occur due to these hesitations. The neglect of childhood vaccines, which are especially effective in children's immunity and play a major role in community immunity, is an important problem. Health literacy levels of individuals are among the factors that may determine hesitancy towards vaccines. The fact that parents decide on childhood vaccinations makes the capacity of parents to obtain accurate information about vaccines even more important. For these reasons, this study aimed to investigate the effect of parents' health literacy level on their attitudes towards routine childhood vaccinations. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 405 parents who applied to Necmettin Erbakan University (NEU) Faculty of Medicine Hospital Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic for any reason were included. The questionnaire form, which was developed in line with the literature, included an information form with sociodemographic and vaccination-related questions, the Health Literacy Scale-14 (HLS-14), and the Parent Attitude Scale on Childhood Vaccines (PACV). The HLS-14 consists of three sub-dimensions as functional, communicative and critical, and the higher the total score, the higher the level of health literacy. PACV consists of three sub-dimensions as behavior, attitude and safety-effectiveness and is a scale that shows the presence of vaccine hesitancy according to the scores obtained. The questionnaire form was administered online with Google Forms and face-to-face interview method by the researcher. It was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS) 20.0 program. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the parents who participated in the study was 35.34±6.55 years (min=18, max=59) and 52.6% (n=213) were 35 years of age or older. 76.5% (n=310) of the participants were female, 94.3% (n=382) were married, 51.6% (n=205) had high school education or less, 52.6% (n=213) were employed, and 56.5% (n=229) had income equivalent to expenses. Among the participants, 72.3% (n=293) had 2 or less children, 49.4% (n=200) most frequently consulted health workers as a source of information on health-related issues, and 94.3% (n=382) had or were planning to have their children receive all free childhood vaccinations. The HLS-14 score of women (52.02±9.38) was significantly higher than that of men (49.79±9.39) (p=0.044). The communicative sub-dimension score, critical sub-dimension score, and total HLS-14 score were found to be significantly higher in parents with university and higher education level than in parents with high school and lower education level, and in participants with 2 or less children than in participants with 3 or more children (p<0.001). Participants whose income was more than their expenses (53.38±10.23) had a higher HLS-14 score than those whose income was less than their expenses (49.38±8.92) (p=0.015). It was observed that gender, age, marital status, educational status, employment status, income status, and number of children had no significant effect on vaccine hesitancy. The vaccine hesitancy rates of parents who consulted other sources (internet, written sources, television) to obtain health-related information were significantly higher than those of parents who consulted healthcare professionals (p=0.004). Participants who did not have or did not plan to have some vaccines for their children had higher vaccine hesitancy than participants who had or did plan to have all vaccines for their children (p<0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between the HLS-14 functional sub-dimension, communicative sub-dimension and total score and PACV attitude sub-dimension scores (r=-0.102, r=-0.164, r=-0.163; p=0.040, p=0.001, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that female gender, university and higher education level, and having 2 or less children positively affected the level of health literacy. It was noteworthy that parents who used sources such as the internet other than healthcare professionals to obtain health-related information had higher vaccine hesitancy. Although it was found that health literacy level did not make a significant difference in vaccine hesitancy, in general, participants with vaccine hesitancy had lower health literacy scores than those without. In order to reduce the increasing vaccine hesitancy in recent years, it is of great importance to improve health literacy more effectively and to control the false and misleading information spread on social media and the internet.
Aim: In recent years, mistrust and hesitation against vaccines have been increasing in our country and around the world. Vaccine refusal may occur due to these hesitations. The neglect of childhood vaccines, which are especially effective in children's immunity and play a major role in community immunity, is an important problem. Health literacy levels of individuals are among the factors that may determine hesitancy towards vaccines. The fact that parents decide on childhood vaccinations makes the capacity of parents to obtain accurate information about vaccines even more important. For these reasons, this study aimed to investigate the effect of parents' health literacy level on their attitudes towards routine childhood vaccinations. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 405 parents who applied to Necmettin Erbakan University (NEU) Faculty of Medicine Hospital Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic for any reason were included. The questionnaire form, which was developed in line with the literature, included an information form with sociodemographic and vaccination-related questions, the Health Literacy Scale-14 (HLS-14), and the Parent Attitude Scale on Childhood Vaccines (PACV). The HLS-14 consists of three sub-dimensions as functional, communicative and critical, and the higher the total score, the higher the level of health literacy. PACV consists of three sub-dimensions as behavior, attitude and safety-effectiveness and is a scale that shows the presence of vaccine hesitancy according to the scores obtained. The questionnaire form was administered online with Google Forms and face-to-face interview method by the researcher. It was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS) 20.0 program. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the parents who participated in the study was 35.34±6.55 years (min=18, max=59) and 52.6% (n=213) were 35 years of age or older. 76.5% (n=310) of the participants were female, 94.3% (n=382) were married, 51.6% (n=205) had high school education or less, 52.6% (n=213) were employed, and 56.5% (n=229) had income equivalent to expenses. Among the participants, 72.3% (n=293) had 2 or less children, 49.4% (n=200) most frequently consulted health workers as a source of information on health-related issues, and 94.3% (n=382) had or were planning to have their children receive all free childhood vaccinations. The HLS-14 score of women (52.02±9.38) was significantly higher than that of men (49.79±9.39) (p=0.044). The communicative sub-dimension score, critical sub-dimension score, and total HLS-14 score were found to be significantly higher in parents with university and higher education level than in parents with high school and lower education level, and in participants with 2 or less children than in participants with 3 or more children (p<0.001). Participants whose income was more than their expenses (53.38±10.23) had a higher HLS-14 score than those whose income was less than their expenses (49.38±8.92) (p=0.015). It was observed that gender, age, marital status, educational status, employment status, income status, and number of children had no significant effect on vaccine hesitancy. The vaccine hesitancy rates of parents who consulted other sources (internet, written sources, television) to obtain health-related information were significantly higher than those of parents who consulted healthcare professionals (p=0.004). Participants who did not have or did not plan to have some vaccines for their children had higher vaccine hesitancy than participants who had or did plan to have all vaccines for their children (p<0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between the HLS-14 functional sub-dimension, communicative sub-dimension and total score and PACV attitude sub-dimension scores (r=-0.102, r=-0.164, r=-0.163; p=0.040, p=0.001, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that female gender, university and higher education level, and having 2 or less children positively affected the level of health literacy. It was noteworthy that parents who used sources such as the internet other than healthcare professionals to obtain health-related information had higher vaccine hesitancy. Although it was found that health literacy level did not make a significant difference in vaccine hesitancy, in general, participants with vaccine hesitancy had lower health literacy scores than those without. In order to reduce the increasing vaccine hesitancy in recent years, it is of great importance to improve health literacy more effectively and to control the false and misleading information spread on social media and the internet.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Aşı tereddüdü, Vaccine hesitancy, Sağlık okuryazarlığı, Health literacy, Ebeveyn, Parents, Çocukluk aşıları, Childhood vaccinations
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Atçeken, B. (2025). Ebeveynlerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin çocukluk çağı aşılarına karşı tutumlarına etkisinin araştırılması. (Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi) Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
