Sebepleri ve sonuçları açısından Hendek Gazvesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hendek Savaşı, Hz. Peygamber'in Bedir ve Uhud savaşlarından sonraki üçüncü büyük savaşıdır. Savaşın tarafları açısından, savaşta kullanılan taktikler bakımından, tarafların kayıpları yönünden diğer savaşlardan farklılıkları dikkat çekmektedir. Savaş 3 bin kişilik İslâm ordusuyla 10 bin kişilik Müşrik-Yahudi-Münafık müttefik ordusu arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Daha önceki ve daha sonraki savaşlardan farklı olarak Medine, şehrin etrafına hendek kazılarak korunmuş, sonuçta kalabalık sayıdaki orduların 20 günü aşkın mücadelesine rağmen her iki taraftan yaklaşık 14 kişi ölmüştür. Kuşatma, hicretin 5. yılı Şevvâl ayının 7. günü (1 Mart 627 Pazar) başlayıp Şevvâl ayının 27. günü (21 Mart 627 Cumartesi) sona ermiş, hendek kazım ve müttefik kuvvetlerin Medine'ye intikal süresi hariç yaklaşık 21 gün sürmüştür. Savaşın azmettiricisi Yahudilerdir. Antlaşmaya ihanetleri sebebiyle Medine'den sürülen Yahudiler, Mekkeli Müşriklerle ve diğer Müşrik kabilelerle, Medine içinde de Benî Kurayza Yahudileri ve Münafıklarla ittifak yapmışlardır. Müttefik kuvvetleri savaşa iten sebepler siyasî, dinî ve ekonomik endişelerken, Müslümanların savaşma sebebi meşru müdafaadır. Savaşın hem İslâm ordusu hem de müttefik kuvvetler açısından siyasî, askerî, dinî, sosyal ve ekonomik anlamda önemli sonuçları olmuştur. Bu savaş Müslümanların son savunma savaşıdır. Devam eden süreçte Müslümanlar otoritelerini kabul ettirmiş, müttefikler mağlup olup itibar kaybetmişlerdir. Savaşın gidişatını belirleyen Hz. Peygamber'dir. Kullandığı ve müttefiklerin de uymak zorunda kaldıkları hendek kazma taktiği, soğuk savaş, safları bölme gibi taktikler savaşta az sayıda kişinin ölmesini sağlamıştır. Hz. Peygamber istişareye dayalı, disiplinli, planlı bir şekilde mücadele etmiş, savaş için gerekli bütün imkânlarını seferber etmiş, bulduğu her fırsatta yaptığı dualarla Cenâb-ı Allah'tan yardım istemiş ve dilediği yardıma nâil olmuştur. Bu zafer bir anlamda kulun irade ve gayretiyle, Allah'ın yardımının birleşmesinin ürünüdür. Müttefik orduların mağlubiyetlerinde ordunun çok başlılığı, disiplinsizliği, farklı grupların amaçlarının bire bir örtüşmemesi etkili olmuştur. Neticede İslâmiyet'i tamamen ortadan kaldırmak amaç ve idealiyle Medine'ye saldıran müttefik kuvvetlerin ordusu beklemedikleri bir şekilde hezimete uğramışlar, siyasî, askerî, dinî, sosyal ve ekonomik anlamda ağır bedel ödemişler, bir daha Müslümanlara saldırma cesareti gösterememişlerdir. Müslümanlar ise hemen her alanda önemli kazanımlar elde etmişlerdir.
The Battle of the Trench is the third major battle of the Prophet Muhammad (saw) after the Battles of Badr and Uhud. In terms of the sides of the war, in terms of the tactics used in the war, the differences from other wars in terms of the losses of the parties draw attention. It was carried out with the Islamic army of 3000 people and the army of the allied polytheists-Jews-hypocrites of 10,000 people. Unlike the previous and later wars, Medina was protected by digging a trench around the city, and as a result, despite the large number of armies fighting for more than 20 days, approximately 14 people from both sides died. The siege started on the 7th day of Shawwal (Sunday, March 1, 627) in the 5th year of the Migration and ended on the 27th day of Shawwal (Saturday, March 21, 627), and lasted for approximately 21 days, excluding the time of digging the trench and the arrival of the allied forces to Medina. The instigators of the war are the Jews. The Jews who were expelled from Medina due to their betrayal of the treaty made alliances with the Meccan polytheists and other polytheist tribes, and with the Banu Qurayza Jews and hypocrites in Medina. While the reasons pushing the Allied forces to war are political, religious and economic concerns, the reason for Muslims to fight is self-defense. The war had important political, military, religious, social and economic consequences for both the Islamic army and the allied forces. This war is the last defensive war of the Muslims. In the ongoing process, the Muslims made their authority accepted, the allies were defeated and lost their reputation. It is the Prophet Muhammad (saw) who determined the course of the war. Tactics such as digging trenches, the cold war, and splitting the ranks, which he used and which the allies had to follow, ensured that few people died in the war. The Prophet Muhammad (saw) fought in a consultative, disciplined and planned manner, mobilized all the means necessary for the war, sought help from Allah Almighty with his prayers at every opportunity he could find, and attained the help he wished. In a sense, this victory is the product of the union of the will and effort of the servant with the help of Allah. In the defeat of the allied armies, the army's multi-headedness, indiscipline, and incompatibility of the aims of the different groups were effective. As a result, the army of the allied forces, which attacked Medina with the aim and ideal of eliminating Islam completely, was defeated in an unexpected way, they paid a heavy price in political, military, religious, social and economic terms, and they could not show the courage to attack Muslims again. Muslims, on the other hand, have achieved significant gains in almost every field.
The Battle of the Trench is the third major battle of the Prophet Muhammad (saw) after the Battles of Badr and Uhud. In terms of the sides of the war, in terms of the tactics used in the war, the differences from other wars in terms of the losses of the parties draw attention. It was carried out with the Islamic army of 3000 people and the army of the allied polytheists-Jews-hypocrites of 10,000 people. Unlike the previous and later wars, Medina was protected by digging a trench around the city, and as a result, despite the large number of armies fighting for more than 20 days, approximately 14 people from both sides died. The siege started on the 7th day of Shawwal (Sunday, March 1, 627) in the 5th year of the Migration and ended on the 27th day of Shawwal (Saturday, March 21, 627), and lasted for approximately 21 days, excluding the time of digging the trench and the arrival of the allied forces to Medina. The instigators of the war are the Jews. The Jews who were expelled from Medina due to their betrayal of the treaty made alliances with the Meccan polytheists and other polytheist tribes, and with the Banu Qurayza Jews and hypocrites in Medina. While the reasons pushing the Allied forces to war are political, religious and economic concerns, the reason for Muslims to fight is self-defense. The war had important political, military, religious, social and economic consequences for both the Islamic army and the allied forces. This war is the last defensive war of the Muslims. In the ongoing process, the Muslims made their authority accepted, the allies were defeated and lost their reputation. It is the Prophet Muhammad (saw) who determined the course of the war. Tactics such as digging trenches, the cold war, and splitting the ranks, which he used and which the allies had to follow, ensured that few people died in the war. The Prophet Muhammad (saw) fought in a consultative, disciplined and planned manner, mobilized all the means necessary for the war, sought help from Allah Almighty with his prayers at every opportunity he could find, and attained the help he wished. In a sense, this victory is the product of the union of the will and effort of the servant with the help of Allah. In the defeat of the allied armies, the army's multi-headedness, indiscipline, and incompatibility of the aims of the different groups were effective. As a result, the army of the allied forces, which attacked Medina with the aim and ideal of eliminating Islam completely, was defeated in an unexpected way, they paid a heavy price in political, military, religious, social and economic terms, and they could not show the courage to attack Muslims again. Muslims, on the other hand, have achieved significant gains in almost every field.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
İslâm Tarihi, Hendek Savaşı, Ahzâb Savaşı, Benî Nadîr, Benî Kurayza, History of Islam, Battle of the Trench, Battle of Ahzab, Banu Nadir (Nadirogullari), Banu Qurayza (Kurayzaogullari)
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Sayı
Künye
Güzel, M. N. (2023). Sebepleri ve sonuçları açısından hendek gazvesi. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
