İslam ceza hukukunda eşitlik
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İslâm ceza hukukunda eşitlik konusunun işlendiği bu çalışma, eşitlik ve adalet ilişkisini kişiler açısından irdelemiştir. Bu tezin başlığı olan “İslâm Ceza Hukukunda Eşitlik” konusu aynı suçu işleyen farklı şahıslara, kişisel özellikleri ve toplumsal statüleri itibarıyla farklı cezalar verilebilmesini merkeze almıştır. Suçluya verilecek cezanın suçun ağırlığı ile orantılı olmasına odaklanan suç ve ceza denkliği ana konu değildir. Temelde İslâm, yaratılış bakımından insanları eşit görmüş, sınıf farklılıklarını ortadan kaldırmayı ilke edinmiştir. Prensip olarak cezaların uygulanacağı kişiler arasında da imtiyazlı grup kabul edilmemiştir. Fakat bu durum, işlediği suçun etkisi ve toplumsal sonuçları bakımından herkesin aynı olduğu anlamına da gelmemiştir. Bu tezde, suçu işleyen failin durumuna göre, cezanın değişmesinin eşitlik ile bağdaşmasa da adalet ile uyumlu olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Adaletin tesis edilmesinde eşitlik önemli bir unsur olsa da bununla çoğu zaman mutlak ve şematik bir eşitlik değil her açıdan aynı olanlara eşit davranılmasını öngören nispi eşitlik kast edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, İslâm hukukunda adalet ve kamu yararı için durum ve şartlara göre bazı ayrımların meşru sayıldığını, haklı bir nedene dayalı olması gereken ayrım kriterlerinin ise, İslâm ceza hukukunda genel olarak din, cinsiyet ve hürriyet farkına göre belirlendiğini göstermiştir. Bu etkenlerin kısas, diyet ve had cezalarına yansımaları, İslâm hukuk literatürü incelenerek çeşitli örnekler ve delilleriyle ele alınmıştır.
This study, which addresses the topic of equality in Islamic criminal law, has examined the relation between justice and equality from the perspective of individuals. The topic of Equality in Islamic Law, which is the title of this thesis has centered on different individuals who commit the same crime are treated differently based on their personal characteristics and social status. Equivalence of crime and punishment which focus on the punishment given to the offender should be proportional to the severity of the crime is not the main subject. At its core, Islam has regarded people as equal terms of their creation and has made it a principle to eliminate class distinctions. As a principle, no privileged group has been recognized among those to whom the punishments will be applied. However, this situation does not mean that everyone is the same in terms of the impact of the crime committed and its social consequences. In the thesis, depending on the circumstances of the offender who committed the crime, has been attempted to be presented the change of the punishment that is consistent with justice although it may not be in line with equality. Although equality is an important element in the establishment of justice what is often meant by this is not an absolute and schematic equality, but a relative equality that prescribes equal treatment for those who are the same in every respect. This study has demonstrated that, in Islamic law, certain distinctions based on circumstances and conditions are considered legitimate for the sake of justice and public interest, and that the criteria for such distinctions, which should be based on justifiable reasons, are generally determined in Islamic criminal law according to differences in religion, gender, and freedom. The reflections of these factors on qiṣāṣ, diyah, and ḥadd penalties have been addressed with various examples and evidence by examining Islamic legal literature.
This study, which addresses the topic of equality in Islamic criminal law, has examined the relation between justice and equality from the perspective of individuals. The topic of Equality in Islamic Law, which is the title of this thesis has centered on different individuals who commit the same crime are treated differently based on their personal characteristics and social status. Equivalence of crime and punishment which focus on the punishment given to the offender should be proportional to the severity of the crime is not the main subject. At its core, Islam has regarded people as equal terms of their creation and has made it a principle to eliminate class distinctions. As a principle, no privileged group has been recognized among those to whom the punishments will be applied. However, this situation does not mean that everyone is the same in terms of the impact of the crime committed and its social consequences. In the thesis, depending on the circumstances of the offender who committed the crime, has been attempted to be presented the change of the punishment that is consistent with justice although it may not be in line with equality. Although equality is an important element in the establishment of justice what is often meant by this is not an absolute and schematic equality, but a relative equality that prescribes equal treatment for those who are the same in every respect. This study has demonstrated that, in Islamic law, certain distinctions based on circumstances and conditions are considered legitimate for the sake of justice and public interest, and that the criteria for such distinctions, which should be based on justifiable reasons, are generally determined in Islamic criminal law according to differences in religion, gender, and freedom. The reflections of these factors on qiṣāṣ, diyah, and ḥadd penalties have been addressed with various examples and evidence by examining Islamic legal literature.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
İslam Ceza Hukuku, Adalet, Eşitlik, Hadler, Kısas, Diyet, Suç-Ceza Denkliği, Islamic Criminal Law, Justice, Equivalent, Punishment (Hudūd), Retaliation (Qişāş), Consempation (Diyah), Crime Penal Equivalence
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Ceyhan, H. (2024). İslam ceza hukukunda eşitlik. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Temel İslam Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
