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    Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha -238G/A and -308G/A Promotor Polymorphisms with Clearance of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Turkish Population
    (2019) İnkaya, Ahmet Çağkan; Türk Arıbaş, Emel; Erayman, İbrahim; Kandemir, Bahar; Acar, Hasan; Bitirgen, Mehmet
    Objectives: Acute viral hepatitis B may lead to chronic hepatitis in 6% of adultpopulation. We compared the frequency of Tumor necrosis factor alpha promotor polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis B patients and people with natural immunity against hepatitis B.Materials and Methods: Chronic hepatitis B patients and age matched control cases with natural immunity to hepatitis B virus were recruited 1:1 in this study. Tumornecrosis factor alpha -238G/A and -308G/A polymorphisms were studied withPCR-RFLP. ?2 test was performed in statistical analysis.Results: A total of 101 volunteers enrolled in two study groups. Thirty-eight menand 12 women constituted the chronic hepatitis B patient group and 40 men and11 women recruited in natural immunity group. Frequency of -238G allele was87.5% and 97% in chronic hepatitis B and natural immunity groups, respectively.Frequency of -308G allel was 93% and 92.1% in chronic hepatitis B and natural im-munity groups, respectively. Frequencies of polymorphisms at positions -238 and-308 in the promotor of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene were not different be-tween chronic hepatitis B and natural immunity groups.Discussion: Tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphisms at -238 and-308 positions do not effect the outcome hepatitis B infection in Turkish population. Clearance of hepatitis B virus infection is multifactorial. Thus, further studiesneeded to identify genetic predisposition to chronic hepatitis B infection.
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    In vitro study of the toxic and teratogenic effects of prednisolone, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetile on embryological development of rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Fazliogullari, Zeliha; Karabulut, Ahmet Kagan; Unver Dogan, Nadire; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Acar, Hasan
    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the glucocorticoid prednisolone, the mycophenolic acid prodrug, azathioprine, and the fungi fermentation end product, mycophenolate mofetile on the embryological development of rats. Nine day-old rat embryos were cultured in rat serum containing prednisolone at varying concentrations (5-30 mu g/ml) for 48 h. The test groups were cultured separately in rat serum containing 0.3-10 mu g/ml azathioprine and 1-10 mu g/ml mycophenolate mofetile. Embryonic development parameter effects of both drugs in combination with prednisolone (20 mu g/ml) were studied using morphological methods, with special attention given to the incidence of malformations. The genotoxic effects of agents evaluated with the TUNEL test revealed that prednisolone is not a cause of developmental toxicity. The maximum safe dose of prednisolone that could be used in combination with other immunosuppressive agents was determined to be 20 mu g/ml. Azathioprine was found to be toxic and teratogenic for the rat embryos beginning at a dose of 1 mu g/ml. Dose-dependent toxic and teratogenic effects of mycophenolate mofetile were detected at doses lower than normal clinical ones.
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    Investigation of the interchromosomal effects in male carriers with structural chromosomal abnormalities using FISH
    (Aves, 2020) Balasar, Ozgur; Acar, Hasan
    Objective: The interchromosomal effect (ICE) refers to the uncertainty during meiosis where the rearrangement of the chromosomes affects the segregation of the chromosomes that are not involved in the structural chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of this study is to investigate the existence of ICE in the sperm nuclei of the males who have structural chromosomal abnormalities. Material and methods: Nine male individuals who are the carriers of the structural chromosomal abnormalities (patient group) and 14 male individuals who did not have any chromosomal abnormalities (control group) were diagnosed by the classical cytogenetic analysis. The aneuploidy of chromosomes 2, 3, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, X, and Y in the sperm nuclei was investigated using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method in these individuals. The patient group included 5 Robertsonian translocation (ROB) carriers, 3 reciprocal translocation (RCP) carriers, and 1 inversion carrier. Results: A total of 51921 sperm nuclei were analyzed (19484 from the patient group and 32437 from the control group). While ICE was determined in 4 of 5 patients who were the carriers of ROB and an inversion carrier patient, it was not determined in the patient carrier of RCP. Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is ICE in the male carriers with a structural chromosomal abnormality, which appears to be translocation, breakpoint, chromosome, and patient dependent.
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    Male infertility associated with de novo pericentric inversion of chromosome 1
    (2017) Balasar, Özgür; Zamani, Ayşe Gül; Balasar, Mehmet; Acar, Hasan
    Inversion occurs after two breaks in a chromosome have happened and the segment rotates 180 before reinserting.Inversion carriers have produced abnormal gametes if there is an odd number crossing- over betweenthe inverted and the normal homologous chromosomes causing a duplication or deletion. Reproductive riskssuch as infertility, abortion, stillbirth and birth of malformed child would be expected in that case. A 54-year- old male patient was consulted to our clinic for primary infertility. The routine chromosome study wereapplied using peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures and analyzed by giemsa-trypsin-giemsa (GTG) banding,and centromer banding (C-banding) stains. Y chromosome microdeletions in the azoospermia factor (AZF) regionswere analyzed with polymerase chain reaction. Additional test such as fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) was used to detect the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY). Semen analysis showedazoospermia. A large pericentric inversion of chromosome 1 46,XY, inv(1) (p22q32) was found in routinechromosome analysis. No microdeletions were seen in AZF regions. In our patient the presence of SRY regionwas observed by using FISH technique with SRY-specific probe. Men who have pericentric inversion of chromosome1, appear to be at risk for infertility brought about by spermatogenic breakdown. The etiopathogenicrelationship between azoospermia and pericentric inversion of chromosome 1 is discussed.
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    Selection of reliable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis on head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
    (Scientific Publishers India, 2017) Yigin, Aysel Kalayci; Cora, Tulin; Acar, Hasan; Kurar, Ercan; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Colpan, Bahar; Ozturk, Kayhan
    The choice of reliable reference genes as an internal control is inevitable to obtain accurate results. Here we present an assessment of 7 reference genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ACTB, GAPDH, TUBA1, YWHAZ, and SDHA) to normalize gene expression data in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCCs). We attempted to determine a reliable set of reference genes to use in the normalization of gene expression data in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCCs) and normal mucosal tissues. Malignant and non-malignant tissue samples were collected from 12 patients with primary untreated HNSCC. geNorm and NormFinder software packages were used for data evaluations. Results obtained by geNorm indicated that average expression stability values (M) of all candidates genes were smaller than 1.5 (accepted M value for geNorm), showing that all the evaluated genes can be employed as HKGs, although GAPDH and ACTB were reported to be the most stable. Similarly, NormFinder results were in agreement with geNorm's results. GAPDH and ACTB are considered to be most suitable reference genes to evaluate novel gene expression in the tissues several of HNSCCs.