Kapitalist iktisadi düzene bir eleştiri: İslami ekonomi ve finansal alternatifler
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bugün yaşadığımız tüm ekonomik buhranların ve bu buhranların yarattığı sosyal problemlerin temeli, bütün kurumları, ahlakı ve zihniyeti ile önce iktisadi yapıya ve sonra bireyden topluma tüm hücrelerimize kadar işlemiş olan kapitalizmdir. Kapitalizm, kitle üretim anlayışı ile güçlenmiş ve ihtiyaç sınırlarını aşan bu üretimin, tüketimin pompalanması yoluyla piyasada emilmesi, tüketim toplumunun ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. İhtiyacın sınırlı olduğu, tüketimin de israf kavramı ile sınırlandırıldığı, faizin olmadığı ve zekatın bir adil bölüşüm mekanizması olarak sisteminde yer bulduğu İslam iktisadı, sözü edilen ekonomik ve sosyal problemlerin çözümünü kendi özünde barındırmaktadır. İslam ekonomisinde, adil bölüşüm, felaha erme, verimliliği ve üretkenliği artırma, birey ve toplum çıkarları arasında dengeye ulaşma gibi birtakım politika amaçları mevcuttur. Söz konusu politika hedeflerine ulaşırken bir politika aracı olan İslami finans, ribanın olmadığı, İslam'ın haram olarak nitelediği yollardan edinilmemiş kazançlardan oluşan, spekülasyon, bahis ve kumara dayanmayan, ticari bir işlemi içeren finansal ağ yapılarıyla sınırlıdır. İslami finans sektörü ise, günümüz ekonomik şartlarında, bir İslam ekonomisinin varlığını sürdürebilmesi için hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bu öneme atfen, dünya ve Türkiye örnekleminde faizsiz finansa ilişkin mevcut konjonktür ele alınmıştır. Türkiye'de katılım bankacılığına ilişkin SWOT Analizi yapılarak, katılım bankalarının güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ile, kendilerine dönük fırsat ve tehditler değerlendirilmiştir. Katılım bankaları, reel varlıklar üzerinden işlemlerini yürütmekle, daha riskten uzak bir yapı sergilerken, müşterilere bu nedenle daha az finansal enstrüman ve daha fazla bürokratik işlem sunmaktadır. Kendi alanlarına özgü akademik çalışmalar ve alan eğitimi ile işgücüne dahil olan mezunlar açısından da dezavantajlı bir konumdadırlar. İnançları gereği kendilerine başvurmuş KOBİ ağırlıklı, sadakatli müşteri yapıları ise en önemli güçlü yönlerinden biridir.
The basis of the economic depressions we are experiencing today and the social problems created by these depressions is capitalism, which, with all its institutions, morals and mentality, has first worked into the economic structure and then from the individual to society to all our cells. Capitalism has been strengthened by the understanding of mass production and the absorption of this production, which exceeds the limits of need, in the market through the pumping of consumption, has led to the emergence of a consumer society. Islamic economics, in which the need is limited, consumption is limited by the concept of waste, there is no interest, and zakat finds a place in its system as a fair distribution mechanism, contains the solution of the aforementioned economic and social problems at its core. In the Islamic economy, there are a number of policy objectives such as fair distribution, achieving success, increasing productivity, achieving a balance between the interests of the individual and society. Islamic finance, which is a policy tool in achieving these policy goals, is limited to financial network structures that include a commercial transaction in which there is no riba, consisting of earnings not acquired in ways that Islam considers haram, not based on speculation, betting and gambling. The Islamic finance sector, on the other hand, is of vital importance for the survival of an Islamic economy in today's economic conditions. With reference to this importance, the current conjuncture related to interest-free finance has been considered in the example of the world and Türkiye. By conducting a SWOT Analysis on participation banking in Türkiye, the strengths and weaknesses of participation banks, as well as opportunities and threats facing them, were evaluated. Participation banks exhibit a more risk-free structure by conducting their transactions on real assets, while offering customers fewer financial instruments and more bureaucratic transactions for this reason. They are also at a disadvantage in terms of graduates who are included in the workforce with their own field-specific academic studies and field education. SME-dominated, loyal customer structures that have applied to them in accordance with their beliefs are one of their most important strengths.
The basis of the economic depressions we are experiencing today and the social problems created by these depressions is capitalism, which, with all its institutions, morals and mentality, has first worked into the economic structure and then from the individual to society to all our cells. Capitalism has been strengthened by the understanding of mass production and the absorption of this production, which exceeds the limits of need, in the market through the pumping of consumption, has led to the emergence of a consumer society. Islamic economics, in which the need is limited, consumption is limited by the concept of waste, there is no interest, and zakat finds a place in its system as a fair distribution mechanism, contains the solution of the aforementioned economic and social problems at its core. In the Islamic economy, there are a number of policy objectives such as fair distribution, achieving success, increasing productivity, achieving a balance between the interests of the individual and society. Islamic finance, which is a policy tool in achieving these policy goals, is limited to financial network structures that include a commercial transaction in which there is no riba, consisting of earnings not acquired in ways that Islam considers haram, not based on speculation, betting and gambling. The Islamic finance sector, on the other hand, is of vital importance for the survival of an Islamic economy in today's economic conditions. With reference to this importance, the current conjuncture related to interest-free finance has been considered in the example of the world and Türkiye. By conducting a SWOT Analysis on participation banking in Türkiye, the strengths and weaknesses of participation banks, as well as opportunities and threats facing them, were evaluated. Participation banks exhibit a more risk-free structure by conducting their transactions on real assets, while offering customers fewer financial instruments and more bureaucratic transactions for this reason. They are also at a disadvantage in terms of graduates who are included in the workforce with their own field-specific academic studies and field education. SME-dominated, loyal customer structures that have applied to them in accordance with their beliefs are one of their most important strengths.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kapitalist Ahlak, İslam İktisadı, İslami Finans, Katılım Bankacılığı, Capitalist Morality, Islamic Economics, Islamic Finance, Participation Banking
Kaynak
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Sayı
Künye
Küçüksucu, M. (2023). Kapitalist iktisadi düzene bir eleştiri: İslami ekonomi ve finansal alternatifler. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
