Cahiliye Döneminde Nesir ve Bir Hatip Olarak Eksem b. Sayfî
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Tarih
2018
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İslâm öncesi döneme Kur’ân’da, “Cahiliye” adı verilmektedir. Bu ismin verilmesindeki etken ise okuma-yazma oranının düşüklüğü değil dine karşı takınılan kötü tavırdır. Çünkü her ne kadar Araplar yazma alanında zayıf olsalar da sözlü edebiyat alanında iyi durumdalardı. Ayrıca Cahiliyye adının verilmesi, bu dönemde hiçbir güzelliğin olmadığı anlamına da gelmemektedir. Bu dönemde, tevhid dinine bağlı olan ve güzel ahlâkıyla tanınan insanlara da rastlanmaktadır. Edebiyat, Cahiliye döneminin önemli bir unsuru idi. Öyle ki şairler ödüllendirilirdi ve şiir yarışmaları da yapılırdı. Dereceye giren şiirler de Ka’be duvarına asılırdı. Ayrıca hatipler de itibar görür ve kabile temsilcisi olarak yöneticilerle konuşurken sözcülük görevi yaparlardı. Bu dönemde edebiyat alanındaki yeteneklerini menfaat için sergileyen insanlar olduğu gibi topluma faydalı olma amacında olan kişiler de bulunmaktaydı. Câhiliyye dönemindeki edebî faaliyetlerden bahsedilirken her zaman şiir ön planda olmuştur. Ancak şiir kadar gündeme getirilmeyen nesir de bu dönemde en az şiir kadar revaç bulmuştur. Çünkü sosyal hayatın gereği olan birçok konuşma, nesir türünün içine girmektedir. Eksem b. Sayfi, Cahiliye döneminin tanınan kişilerindendir. Sağlıklı bir bakış açısına sahip olan Eksem, icra ettiği hutbeleriyle, kendi dönemindeki insanlara yol göstermiştir. Cahiliyenin tüm kötülüklerine rağmen o, tevhid inancına sahip bir insan olarak, herkesi tevhide ve güzel ahlaka çağırmıştır. Eksem, konuşmalarında gösterişten kaçınmış ve mümkün olduğu kadar sade konuşmaya çalışmıştır. Bununla birlikte Eksem, bazen edebi sanatları kullanmaktan da geri kalmamıştır.Bu makale; Câhiliyye kavramının analizi, Câhiliyye döneminde nesrin durumu ve önemli bir hatip olan Eksem b. Sayfî’nin edebî kişiliği konularını ele almaktadır. Çünkü İslâm’ın getirdiği güzelliklerin daha iyi anlaşılması için Cahiliyye döneminin tanınması önemlidir. Ayrıca Eksem b. Sayfi de bu dönemin önemli bir şahsiyetidir.
In the Qur'an, the pre-Islamic period is called the "Jahiliyye". The reason for giving this name is not the low rate of literacy, but the bad attitude towards the religion. Because although Arabs were weak in the field of writing, they were good in oral literature. Besides, giving the name of Cahiliyye to this period does not mean that there is no beauty in it. In this period, people who are tied to the religion of monotheism and known for their beautiful morality are also encountered. Literature was an important element of the Jahiliyyah Era. So much so that poets were rewarded and poetry competitions were held. The poems entering the rank were hanged on the Kaaba wall. Speakers also earned a reputation and they acted as advocates while speaking to the administrators as tribal representatives. In this period, there were people those exhibited their talents in the field of literature for their benefit as well as those aimed to be useful for society. Poetry has always been in the foreground when talking about literary activi-ties during the period of Jahiliyye. However, the prose, which is not brought to the agenda as much as poetry, is at least as popular as poetry in this period. Because many conversations that are necessary for social life, fall into prose. One of the people known for the period of the Jahiliyyah was Eksem. Having a healthy perspective, Eksem led the people in his time with his khutbah. Despite all the wickedness of the Jahiliyye, he, as a man of faith in monotheism, invoked everyone to tawhid and good morals. Eksem avoided showing in his speech and he tried to speak as plain as possible. However, sometimes Eksem used the literary arts. This article deals with the subjects as the analysis of the Jahiliyye concept and the status of the prose in the Jahiliyyah era and the literary personality of Eksem b. Sayfi who was an important preacher. For the better recognition of the beauty brought by Islam is important to recognize the period of Jahiliyyah. Also, Eksem b. Sayfi is an important figure in this period.
In the Qur'an, the pre-Islamic period is called the "Jahiliyye". The reason for giving this name is not the low rate of literacy, but the bad attitude towards the religion. Because although Arabs were weak in the field of writing, they were good in oral literature. Besides, giving the name of Cahiliyye to this period does not mean that there is no beauty in it. In this period, people who are tied to the religion of monotheism and known for their beautiful morality are also encountered. Literature was an important element of the Jahiliyyah Era. So much so that poets were rewarded and poetry competitions were held. The poems entering the rank were hanged on the Kaaba wall. Speakers also earned a reputation and they acted as advocates while speaking to the administrators as tribal representatives. In this period, there were people those exhibited their talents in the field of literature for their benefit as well as those aimed to be useful for society. Poetry has always been in the foreground when talking about literary activi-ties during the period of Jahiliyye. However, the prose, which is not brought to the agenda as much as poetry, is at least as popular as poetry in this period. Because many conversations that are necessary for social life, fall into prose. One of the people known for the period of the Jahiliyyah was Eksem. Having a healthy perspective, Eksem led the people in his time with his khutbah. Despite all the wickedness of the Jahiliyye, he, as a man of faith in monotheism, invoked everyone to tawhid and good morals. Eksem avoided showing in his speech and he tried to speak as plain as possible. However, sometimes Eksem used the literary arts. This article deals with the subjects as the analysis of the Jahiliyye concept and the status of the prose in the Jahiliyyah era and the literary personality of Eksem b. Sayfi who was an important preacher. For the better recognition of the beauty brought by Islam is important to recognize the period of Jahiliyyah. Also, Eksem b. Sayfi is an important figure in this period.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Câhiliyye, Nesir, Eksem b. Sayfî, Hitâbet, Mesel, Vasiyet, Jahiliyyah, Prose, Eksem b. Sayfi, Oratory, Parable, Testament
Kaynak
Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
18
Sayı
1
Künye
Yüksel, M. (2018). Cahiliye döneminde nesir ve bir hatip olarak Eksem b. Sayfî. Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18, 1, 391-418.
