Molla Fenârî'nin bilgi ve varlık anlayışı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2014
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Osmanlı düşüncesinin baş mimarlarından olan Molla Fenârî (v. 834/1431), Ekberiye geleneğinin Anadolu'daki önemli temsilcilerinden biridir. Onun Osmanlı düşüncesinde yaptığı tesir, İslâmî ilimlerin hemen hemen tüm sahalarında kaleme aldığı eserleri vasıtasıyla gerçekleşmiştir. Bunlar arasında yer alan Misbâhu'l-üns adlı eseri, onun tasavvufî görüşlerinin tamamını ihtivâ eden tek kitabıdır. Bu kitap, İbn Arabî'nin (v. 638/1240) en meşhur takipçilerinden biri olan Sadreddin Konevî'nin (v. 673/1274) Miftâhu'l-gayb'ının ilk ve en hacimli şerhidir. Molla Fenârî'nin tasavvufî görüşleri, ağırlıklı olarak varlık ve bilgi anlayışı çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Çünkü o da bir çok meseleyi mensubu bulunduğu Ekberî müfekkirler gibi, tasavvufun pratik boyutu üzerinde daha az durup, büyük ölçüde ontolojik ve epistemolojik perspektiften ele almaktadır. Bu noktada onun varlık anlayışı, Hakk'ın varlığının, eşyânın tamamını kapsayan bir mutlak ve yegâne hakîkat olmasına dayanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Hakk'ın varlığı dışında herhangi bir şeyden söz etmek imkânsızdır. Âlemde müşâhede edilen çokluk ise onun esmâ ve sıfâtının birer yansıma mahallinden ibarettir. Fenârî'nin, tamamen birlik esası üzerine kurulmuş olan sisteminde gerçek bilgiye ulaşmanın yöntemi de bu esasa uygun olarak, çokluk hükümlerinin ortadan kaldırılmasına bağlıdır. Gerçek bilgiye, aklî verilere dayalı olan burhan yönteminin yanında, tasavvufî pratiklerden ibaret olan riyâzat ve mücâhede ile elde edilen, müşâhede yöntemi sayesinde ulaşılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, eşyânın hakîkatinin bilgisi, sûfîlerin sistematize ettiği seyr u sülûk yöntemleri yardımıyla elde edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Molla Fenârî'nin hayatı, eserleri, Osmanlı-Tasavvuf düşüncesindeki ve tarihindeki yeri, varlık ve bilgi konusundaki görüşleri incelenmektedir
Molla Fanari (d. 1431) who is one of the main architects of Ottoman thought is leading representative of Akbarian tradition in Anatolia. He has influenced the Ottoman thought by means of his books which he write in all fields of Islamic sciences. Misbah al-Uns is one of these books and is only one which contains his all mystic ideas. Misbah al-Uns is a commentary book of Miftah al-ghayb written by one of the most important and famous follower of Ibn al-Arabi (d. 1240) Sadraddin al-Qunawi (d. 1274). Because Molla Fanari has approached many subjects in terms of ontology and epistemology like other akbarian writers rather than the point of view practical mystic approaches. His mystical ideas are largely about being and knowledge. At this juncture, his thought about being stands on the idea according to which existence of Haqq (wujud al-Haqq) is an absolte and unique fact (haqiqa) that includes all things. Therefore it is impossible to mention any other thing without existence of Haqq. Things which is seen in the universe are reflection places of his names and attributes (al-asma wa'l-sifat). For the reason that Molla Fanari's system has been founded completely on the basic of unity, the method of reaching the real knowledge is in parallel with his system to posses the unity in other words to remove plurality. Real knowledge can be acquired along with the way that basic on mental evidence, by means of the way of witnessing (mushahada) which is achieved with mystical practices like ascetic efforts (riyada and mujahada). Thus the knowledge of the reality of things is acquired through the way sayr wa suluq which has been organized by sufis. In this study, Molla Fanari's life, books, his ideas about being and knowledge, his situation in Ottoman-Sufi thought and history was studied.
Molla Fanari (d. 1431) who is one of the main architects of Ottoman thought is leading representative of Akbarian tradition in Anatolia. He has influenced the Ottoman thought by means of his books which he write in all fields of Islamic sciences. Misbah al-Uns is one of these books and is only one which contains his all mystic ideas. Misbah al-Uns is a commentary book of Miftah al-ghayb written by one of the most important and famous follower of Ibn al-Arabi (d. 1240) Sadraddin al-Qunawi (d. 1274). Because Molla Fanari has approached many subjects in terms of ontology and epistemology like other akbarian writers rather than the point of view practical mystic approaches. His mystical ideas are largely about being and knowledge. At this juncture, his thought about being stands on the idea according to which existence of Haqq (wujud al-Haqq) is an absolte and unique fact (haqiqa) that includes all things. Therefore it is impossible to mention any other thing without existence of Haqq. Things which is seen in the universe are reflection places of his names and attributes (al-asma wa'l-sifat). For the reason that Molla Fanari's system has been founded completely on the basic of unity, the method of reaching the real knowledge is in parallel with his system to posses the unity in other words to remove plurality. Real knowledge can be acquired along with the way that basic on mental evidence, by means of the way of witnessing (mushahada) which is achieved with mystical practices like ascetic efforts (riyada and mujahada). Thus the knowledge of the reality of things is acquired through the way sayr wa suluq which has been organized by sufis. In this study, Molla Fanari's life, books, his ideas about being and knowledge, his situation in Ottoman-Sufi thought and history was studied.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi. YÖK Tez Merkezi No: 364904
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tasavvuf, Metafizik, Molla Fenârî, Sadreddin Konevî, Mutlak Varlık, Gerçek bilgi, Sufism, Metaphysic, Molla Fanārī, Sadraddin al-Qunawi, Absolute Existence, Real knowledge.
