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Öğe Application of artificial neural network and machine learning algorithms for modeling the in vitro regeneration of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(Springer, 2022) Kirtis, Arife; Aasim, Muhammad; Katirci, RamazanIn vitro whole plant regeneration protocol of desi chickpea was established followed by generating the model prediction using different machine learning algorithms. Surface sterilized seeds with 5% bleach (NaOCl) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with six different concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 3.00 mg/L) of Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Thidiazuron or Kinetin (KIN). BAP and KIN enriched medium produced normal shoots and relatively high shoot induction frequency (%) was recorded 98.14-100%. Application of TDZ induced medium generated five and sevenfold more shoot counts than BAP and KIN respectively. Maximum shoot length was recorded as 10.67 cm and 9.90 cm on medium containing 0.25 mg/L BAP or 0.50 mg/L KIN respectively. Regenerated shoots were rooted on medium containing IBA. The establishment of plantlets were done in growth chamber adjusted to 24 +/- 1 degrees C, 60% relative humidity and 16 h light photoperiod where plant established flowering and set seeds. Machine learning algorithms of support vector regression, gaussian process regression, XGBoost, random forest (RF) models and multilayer perceptron neural network were used to predict the shoot count and length. It was found that the RF model indicated the highest performance to predict the outputs. To confirm the validity of the models, Leave-One-Out cross validation was used. The evaluation was performed using the parameters of R-2 (coefficient of determination and MSE (mean squared error) scores. In our study, The R-2 and MSE scores of RF model were 0.99 and 2.86 for shoot count, 0.98 and 0.29 for shoot length respectively.Öğe Artificial intelligence-based approaches to evaluate and optimize phytoremediation potential of in vitro regenerated aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L.(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Aasim, Muhammad; Ali, Seyid Amjad; Aydin, Senar; Bakhsh, Allah; Sogukpinar, Canan; Karatas, Mehmet; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodWater bodies or aquatic ecosystem are susceptible to heavy metal accumulation and can adversely affect the environment and human health especially in underdeveloped nations. Phytoremediation techniques of water bodies using aquatic plants or macrophytes are well established and are recognized as eco-friendly world over. Phytoremediation of heavy metals and other pollutants in aquatic environments can be achieved by using Ceratophyllum demersum L. - a well-known floating macrophyte. In vitro regenerated plants of C. demersum (7.5 g/L) were exposed to 24, 72, and 120 h to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L of cadmium (CdSO4 & BULL;8H(2)O) in water. Results revealed significantly different relationship in terms of Cd in water, Cd uptake by plants, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and Cd removal (%) from water. The study showed that Cd uptake by plants and BCF values increased significantly with exposure time. The highest BCF value (3776.50) was recorded for plant samples exposed to 2 mg/L Cd for 72 h. Application of all Cd concentrations and various exposure duration yielded Cd removal (%) between the ranges of 93.8 and 98.7%. These results were predicted through artificial intelligence-based models, namely, random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The tested models predicted the results accurately, and the attained results were further validated via three different performance metrics. The optimal regression coefficient (R-2) for the models was recorded as 0.7970 (Cd water, mg/L), 0.9661 (Cd plants, mg/kg), 0.9797 bioconcentration factor (BCF), and 0.9996 (Cd removal, %), respectively. These achieved results suggest that in vitro regenerated C. demersum can be efficaciously used for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated aquatic environments. Likewise, the proposed modeling of phytoremediation studies can further be employed more comprehensively in future studies aimed at data prediction and optimization.Öğe Cadmium and lead bioaccumulation potentials of an aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L.: A laboratory study(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2018) Dogan, Muhammet; Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, MuhammadCadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollutions caused by industrial activities are one of the most serious threats to aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study is to investigate the Cd and Pb bioaccumulations and diverse physiological and biochemical properties of Ceratophyllum demersum L. exposed to different concentrations of Cd (0.5-2.0 mg/L) and Pb (25-100 mg/L) in aqueous media for 1, 3 and 5 days. Cd and Pb accumulations increased with increase in the exposure times and concentrations, and the highest accumulation values of Cd and Pb were recorded at 2 mg/L (2668.33 mg/kg dw) and 100 mg/L (22,504.10 mg/kg dw), respectively, after 5 days. However, higher bioconcentration factors (BCF) were calculated as 645.43 at 25 mg/L Pb and as 1357.92 at 1 mg/L Cd after 5 days. The results showed that photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) and protein contents of the plants exposed to Cd and Pb toxicities decreased with increasing metal concentration and exposure time, whereas their malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased. Additionally, the single and synergistic effects of duration and metal concentration on the fresh and dry weights of the plant were determined. The results of this study reveal that C. demersum, propagated by tissue culture technique, can be used effectively in the phytoremediation of aquatic environments contaminated by Cd and Pb. This study will also make a positive contribution to the progression of new phytotechnologies on the purpose of the remediation of wastewater by plants in future.Öğe DETERMINATION OF IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS FROM IN VITRO PROPAGATED Ceratophyllum demersum L.(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Karatas, Mehmet; Dogan, Muhammet; Emsen, Bugrahan; Aasim, MuhammadThe study presents multiple shoot regeneration of Ceratophyllum demersum L. from shoot tip meristem explants culturing on liquid MS medium 0.05-0.40 mg/L Kinetin (KIN). Thereafter, free radical scavenging activities with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) of aqueous and methanol extracts of C. demersum were also investigated. The highest number of shoots per explants (74.53) and the highest shoot length (4.93 cm) were obtained on MS medium containing 0.20 mg/L Kinetin. Extracts from C. demersum were effective in the following order: water > methanol. DPPH scavenging activities of treatments with maximum concentration (10 mg/ml) of water and methanol extracts were 68.91 and 51.22%, respectively. It was shown that there was high positive correlation between DPPH scavenging activity and concentration for both extracts. At the same time, IC50 values of water and methanol extracts showed aqueous as most effective extract with 3.689 mg/ml.Öğe Development of Transgenic Potato Lines Expressing Ecdysone Receptor Gene of Colorado Potato Beetle(Springer, 2018) Bakhsh, Allah; Hussain, Tahira; Aasim, Muhammad; Pirlak, Ugur; Aksoy, Emre; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin[Abstract Not Availabe]Öğe Development of transgenic tobacco lines with pyramided insect resistant genes(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2018) Bakhsh, Allah; Dinc, Tolga; Hussain, Tahira; Demirel, Ufuk; Aasim, Muhammad; Caliskan, Mehmet EminInsect pests are among the major constraints rendering drastic decreases in crop yield. 'I he expression of stacked insecticidal genes in crops can lead to resistance durability and can delay the development of resistance in target insect pests. The present study was designed to introduce an insect resistance trait in locally cultivated Turkish tobacco cultivars (Basma and Nail) with pyramided insecticidal genes. Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harboring plasmid pKGH4 with cry1Ac and cry2A genes under the control of 35S promoter was used to infect leaf discs of both cultivars; plasmid also contained uidA within the T-DNA region for earlier screening of putative transformants. The overall transformation efficiency was calculated as 30.7% and 18.8% in Basma and Nail, respectively. PCR results confirmed the integration of cry1Ac, cry2A, uidA, and nptII genes in 40 plants of Basma and 16 plants of Nail. ELISA results showed variation in expression of cry1Ac protein among transgenic plants varying from 0.017 to 0.607 mu g/g of fresh tissue. Bioassay results with potato tuber moth (Phthorimea operculella Zeller) showed significant mortality of the targeted pest on primary transfonnants. Furthermore, T1 transgenic progeny exhibited the inheritance of T-DNA in Mendelian as well as non-Mendelian fashion. The results revealed that lines can serve as a source of germplasm in tobacco breeding programs.Öğe Effect of gibberellic acid on in vitro flowering from stem node explant of Anubias barteri var. Nana(Research Journal Biotechnology, 2019) Surendra, Barpete; Aasim, Muhammad; Fatih, Ozcan Sancar; Sebahattin, OzcanAnubias barteri is a commercially important aquatic ornamental plant that has low multiplication rate and in vitro regeneration difficulties. Therefore, lack of scientific information is available. To increase the knowledge and function of plant growth regulators on Anubias regeneration, stem nodes explants were cultured in half and full-strength Murashige and Skoog media containing Gibberellic acid (GA(3)), Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The used plant growth regulators significantly (p <= 0.05) affected number of axillary shoots induction, shoot length, flower induction and number of flowers per explant. The growth pattern of in vitro regenerated axillary shoots was indicated from the shoot base of the stem node. Maximum number of axillary shoots (4.25 +/- 0.38), shoots length (2.63 +/- 0.21) and flowers (4.0) per explants were achieved on full strength MS medium supplemented with 1.00 mg L-1 GA(3), 0.10 mg L-1 BAP, 0.10 mg L-1 NAA and 2 g L-1 activated charcoal. The MS medium without growth regulators did not induce flower that showed the necessity of growth regulators for in vitro flowering. The root induction was statistically similar on half and full-strength MS medium containing different combination of applied growth regulators. The maximum root induction (91.66%) was noted on MS medium containing 0.25 mg L-1 GA(3), 0.10 mg L-1 BAP and 0.10 mg L-1 NAA. All regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized in tap water filled aquarium. The present results showed importance of plant growth regulators that control growth, morphogenetic processes and micropropagation of Anubias plant.Öğe EFFICACY OF IN VITRO PROPAGATED COONTAIL (CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM L.) ON QUALITY OF DIFFERENT WATER SAMPLES(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, Muhammad; Dogan, MuhammetCoontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) is an important aquatic macrophyte used for phytoremediation of heavy metals. Shoot tip, 1st and 2nd nodal meristem explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.05-0.40 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) + 0.10 mg/L a-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Shoot regeneration frequency ranged 83.33-91.67% and 58.33-83.33% and 50.00-91.67 % respectively for of shoot tip, 1st and 2nd nodal meristem explant. Number of shoots per explant ranged 10.33-29.53, 16.25-26.89 and 12.42-24.66 for shoot tip, 1st and 2nd stem nodes respectively. Maximum number of 29.53 and 26.89 shoots per explant of shoot tip and 1st stem node were obtained from MS medium containing 0.10 mg/L BA+ 0.10 mg/L NAA. Whereas, maximum of (24.66) shoots per explant from 2nd stem node were scored on MS medium with 0.05 mg/L BA+0.10 mg/L NAA. Mean shoot length for shoot tip, 1st and 2nd stem node explants ranged 0.50-1.49 cm, 0.94-1.93 cm and 0.68-1.68 cm respectively. In vitro regenerated plants significantly affected the water quality of water samples. Water conductivity and hardness of dam water increased after 15 and 30 days. While water conductivity and hardness of tap water decreased after 15 and 30 days. Water conductivity of drinking water decreased after 15 and 30 days with no change in hardness. pH of all water samples increased after 15 and 30 days. Only drinking water had high Al, Fe and Cu concentrations and Al concentration decreased from 51.0 mu g/L to below 20 mu g/L, Fe concentration decreased from 372.0 mu g/L standard level of <50.0 mu g/L and Cu concentration in public water was very high (360 mu g/L) and decreased rapidly to below 0.02 mu g/L within 15 days (S2) after culture of in vitro grown plants. The study suggests the possible and efficient use of in vitro grown coontails plants for phytoremediation studies.Öğe Efficacy of Light Emitting diodes (LEDs) Lighting System for In vitro Shoot Regeneration of Medicinal Water hyssop (Bacopa monnieri L. PENNEL)(Ars Docendi, 2018) Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, Muhammad; Dazkirili, MuratEfficacy of different Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on in vitro whole plant regeneration of water hyssop (Bacopa monnieri L. Pennel) was investigated in this study. Shoot tip explants were cultured on MS medium with BA (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mg l(-1)) and incubated under Red: Blue (R:B) LEDs in different combinations (4:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1 R: B and white LEDs) for 10 weeks. Callus induction and shoot regeneration was noted on all explants irrespective of LEDs type or BA concentration. Shoots per explant and shoot length ranged 6.56-10.42 and 0.96-1.71cm respectively. Maximum number of 10.42 shoots with highest shoot length of 1.71 cm was achieved under 1:1 R:B LEDs. Whereas, different BA concentrations generated 4.97-11.98 shoots per explant with shoot length in the range of 0.93-1.35 cm. Maximum shoots per explant (10.35) with more longer shoots (1.31 cm) was achieved on MS medium containing 1.0 mg l(-1) BA. Comparing of BA x LEDs, maximum number of 15.17 shoots per explant was induced under 1.0 mg l(-1) BA x 2:1 R: B LEDs. Whereas, longer shoots (2.68 cm) were scored under 0.5 mg l(-1) BA x 2:1 R: B LEDs. Regenerated shoots were rooted using 1.0 mg l(-1) IBA in four weeks followed by acclimatization in the aquariums provided with tap water. Results revealed that LEDs in combination with BA can be successfully employed for multiple shoot regeneration of water hyssop.Öğe EFFICIENT IN VITRO BULBLET REGENERATION FROM IMMATURE ZYGOTIC EMBRYOS OF FRITILLARIA IMPERIALIS AND F. PERSICA(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Cakmak, Derya; Sancak, Cengiz; Karaoglu, Cuma; Aasim, Muhammad; Parmaksiz, Iskender; Ozcan, SebahattinIn this study in vitro bulblet regeneration potential of immature zygotic embryo explants of Fritillaria imperialis L. and F. persica L. were investigated. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) media supplemented with 0.25-1.0 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.25-0.5 mg/l alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 1.0-4.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5-2.0 mg/l kinetin (kin). Multiple bulblet regeneration from all culture media was recorded after 14 months of culture. The highest bulblet regeneration frequency was recorded on media containing TDZ and NAA combinations from F. imperialis. Maximum bulblets per explants from F. imperialis and F. persica were attained on media containing BAP and NAA, kinetin and NAA or TDZ-NAA respectively. Bulblets subjected to hardening showed longer roots of 8.19 cm in a medium containing agar and activated charcoal (AC) cultured at 23 degrees C and higher number of roots per bulblet in a medium solidified with gelrite. Rooted bulblets were directly transferred to pots and cultured under greenhouse conditions where plants developed new foliage and roots, and acclimatized successfully.Öğe AN EFFICIENT IN VITRO PLANTLET REGENERATION OF Ceratophyllum demersum L., AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL AQUATIC PLANT(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Dogan, Muhammet; Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, MuhammadCeratophyllum demersum L. is an important medicinal plant and has been traditionally used in the treatment of many human illnesses. Also, it is one of the major aquatic plants used for removing heavy metals in water environments. The present study was designed for efficient in vitro propagation of C. dernersum using shoot tip, 1st and 2nd nodal meristem explants. The explants were cultured on liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.05-0.80 mg/L). Comparing the all explants, the 1st nodal explant cultured on MS medium containing 0.40 mg/L TDZ had the most number (138.44) of shoots per explant. In terms of shoot length, shoot tip explant cultured on MS medium containing 0.40 mg/L TDZ was recorded as the most effective explant (1.93 cm). Thereafter, the stem explants (approximate to 2.0 cm long) cut from regenerated shoots were cultured on liquid MS medium containing 0.10-0.80 mg/L GA(3) to investigate the effect of GA3 on shoot elongation. The highest shoot length (16.08 cm) was obtained from MS containing 0.80 mg/L GA(3). Rooting experiments were not done due to naturally rootless of C. demersum. Elongated plants were successfully acclimatized in aquariums (100%).Öğe Evaluation of toxicity levels of micronutrient strengths on regeneration of grass pea under in vitro conditions(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2021) Barpete, Surendra; Aasim, Muhammad; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Ozcan, SebahattinGrass pea is very sensitive to the deficiency or excessive amount of micronutrient elements like Fe, Zn, B, Mo that could disturb metabolic activities of the plants including inhibition in growth and their death. There is lack of information about the influence of these elements increased concentration in grass pea growth under in vitro conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the availability and regeneration capacity of grass pea cv. Gurbuz using 1x (control), 2x, 3x 4x and 5x concentration of Fe, Zn, B and Mo in MS medium containing 1 mg/L thidiazuron and 0.25 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid. The results demonstrated significant variations in regeneration capacity of the cultivar in respective treatments and showed inhibited response to enhanced concentration of Fe, Zn, B, and Mo supplies. All enhanced concentrations of Fe, Zn, B, and Mo treatments in MS medium resulted in poor shoot induction and reduced shoot counts per plants as compared to control. Each increase in concentration of Fe and B significantly increased shoot length, number of nodes/plants and internode lengths. Whereas, significant decrease in same traits were noted on MS medium containing enhanced concentrations of Zn and Mo. Root induction was completely inhibited using enhanced concentration of Fe and B. Whereas, root induction was promoted by Zn and Mo micronutrients in MS medium. The rooted shoots from Fe and Zn micronutrients content induced early flowering and maturity during hardening. The results showed that optimum micronutrient supply are key factors in successful regeneration of grass pea under culture conditions.Öğe HIGH FREQUENCY AXILLARY SHOOTS INDUCTION IN GRASS PEA (LATHYRUS SATIVUS L.)(Bangladesh Botanical Soc, 2017) Barpete, Surendra; Aasim, Muhammad; Ozcan, Sancar Fatih; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Ozcan, SebahattinGrass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is highly recalcitrant and difficult to regenerate under in vitro conditions. An efficient and reliable protocol was developed for induction of effective in vitro regeneration of grass pea using embryos with two cotyledons. The maximum shoot regeneration frequency of 89.80% and number of 15.83 shoots per explant was induced on MS medium containing 2 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l NAA. The mean shoot length decreased proportionately with each increase in TDZ concentration irrespective of the IBA. The regenerated shoots produced roots on MS medium containing 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l IBA. However, rooted plantlets flowered in the rooting media.Öğe IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS FROM SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE FR.(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Emsen, Bugrahan; Kocabas, Aytac; Kaya, Abdullah; Cinar, Seval; Aasim, Muhammad; Sadi, GokhanMushrooms have become attractive materials as a source of physiologically valuable bioactive compounds recently. This study was designed to investigate antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of Schizophyllum commune Fr. which is highly distributed worldwide. Five different extracts of S. commune were obtained with different solvent systems. Their antioxidant potentials were determined by measuring bioactive components (beta-carotene, flavonoids, lycopene and total phenols) in conjunction with radical scavenging and metal chelating activities as well as its reducing powers. Antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanol extract were observed on Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn and Agrobacterium tumefaciens Smith & Townsend. In vitro cytotoxic effects of the extracts against liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines after 48 and 72 h incubation were tested. It was found that acetone extract of S. commune had maximum amount of beta-carotene (22.69 mu g/mg), phenolic (27.66 mu g/mg) and lycopene (8.73 mu g/mg) content and n-hexane extract had maximum amount of flavonoid (3.48 mu g/mg). According to IC50 values, the chloroform extract of S. commune showed the highest DPPH capturing (7.652 mg/ml) and metal chelating (6.590 mg/ml) activities. Furthermore, acetone and n-hexane extracts exerted substantial in vitro cytotoxic effects against liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines after 72 h incubation with IC50 value of 0.825 and 0.316 mg/ml respectively. Results of this study showed that different extracts of investigated mushroom have considerable cytotoxic and antioxidant properties and may be utilized as a promising source of therapeutics.Öğe IN VITRO SCREENING OF PRECONDITIONED PLUMULAR APICES EXPLANTS OF PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEAE) TO DIFFERENT SALTS CONCENTRATION(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Day, Sibel; Aasim, MuhammadHigh salinity level in soil or irrigation water limits the plant growth and yield due to altering the metabolic processes, enzymes contents and activities. Peanut is sensitive plant to salinity and salinity level above EC of 8 dS m(-1) which hindered the germination rate and plant growth. In vitro screening method using plant tissue culture techniques could be employed to identify salt tolerance of explant, cultivar or plant without exposing to soil or climate. In this study, preconditioned plumular apices explants were cultured on agar solidified MS medium suplemented with 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP and 5-20 pS cm(-1) salinity level of NaCl and KCl for two months. 100% callus induction and shoot regeneration frequency was recorded along with browning or necrosis on callus or regnerated shoots on all mediums irrespective of salty type or concentration. Increased salt concentrations significally inhibited the number of shoots and shoot length compared to control. Regenerated shoots (<= 0.5 cm) were rooted on rooting medium enriched with 0.25-2.0 mg l(-1) IBA or 1.0 mg l(-1) IBA with 0.15-0.6% sucrose concentrations. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the pots containing peat moss or coarse sand: peat moss soil mix (1:1) in the growth room. Results revealed that preconditioned plumular explants can be used for modern biotechnological techniques like in vitro selection or genetic transformation studies.Öğe IN VITRO SHOOT REGENERATION FROM SHOOT TIP AND NODAL SEGMENT EXPLANTS OF POGOSTEMON ERECTUS (DALZELL) KUNTZE, A MULTIPURPOSE ORNAMENTAL AQUATIC PLANT(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Dogan, Muhammet; Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, MuhammadPogostemon erectus (Dalzell) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) is an economically important aquatic plant and is widely used as aquarium vegetation due to an attractive appearance. This present study was designed for efficient in vitro multiple shoot regeneration and plant production of P.erectus through shoot tip and nodal segment explants. The explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25-1.25 mg/L Kinetin (KIN) with or without 0.25 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Maximum number of shoots per explant was obtained from shoot tip (22.61) and nodal segment (24.44) explants cultured on MS enriched with 1.00 mg/L KIN + 0.25 mg/L NAA. The highest shoot length was recorded from shoot tip (5.64 cm) and nodal segment (5.13 cm) explants cultured on MS medium containing 1.00 mg/L KIN or 1.25 mg/L KIN respectively. In vitro rooting of regenerated shoots were achieved on MS medium containing different concentrations of IAA (0.25-1.00 mg/L) during 4 weeks and these rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in aquarium. The improved protocol may help to the mass propagation of P. erectus and other aquatic plants for commercial purposes.Öğe IN VITRO WHOLE PLANT REGENERATION OF THE MEDICIAL AQUATIC PLANT-Limnophilla aromatic(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Karatas, Mehmet; Aasim, MuhammadLinmophila aromatica is an important aquatic or semi-aquatic medicinal herb of South East Asia used for curing different diseases and disorders. Shoot tip explants were surface-sterilized with 16% H2O2 (v/v) and inoculated on MS medium having 0.25-2.0 mg/L BA+0 and 0.25 mg/L NAA. 100% shoot regeneration frequency was scored on all culture mediums. Shoots per explants ranged 19.61-44.22 and 14.28-30.72 on MS medium with 0.25-2.0 mg/L BA or 0.25-2.0 mg/L BA+0.25 mg/L NAA. Increased BA concentration with or without resulted in a decreased number of shoots per explant. Shoot length was scored between 1.02-2.60 cm and 1.74-4.23 cm, respectively, for MS medium with 0.25-2.0 BA or 0.25-2.0 mg/L BA+0.25 mg/L NAA. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted 100% on MS medium with 0.25-1.0 mg/L NAA. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in the aquarium provided wih tap water and oxygen.Öğe Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Networks-Based Approach to Model and Optimize Ethyl Methanesulfonate and Sodium Azide Induced In Vitro Regeneration and Morphogenic Traits of Water Hyssops (Bacopa monnieri L.)(Springer, 2023) Mirza, Kubra; Aasim, Muhammad; Katirci, Ramzan; Karatas, Mehmet; Ali, Seyid AmjadApplication of chemical mutagens is used for artificially induced in vitro mutation to develop new cultivars with elite characteristics. However, the optimization of selecting proper mutagen, its concentration, and exposure time is of utmost importance, especially for plants containing noteworthy secondary metabolites. In this study, the effect of sodium azide (NaN3) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in different concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg l(-1)), and treatment time (30, 60, and 120 min) was investigated on Bacopa monnieri; an important medicinal plant. The maximum shoot counts (57.0) were achieved from the combination of 0.10 mg l(-1) EMS x 60 min. Whereas, maximum shoot length (4.07 cm), node numbers (4.97) and leaf numbers (12,23) were achieved from the combination of 0.20 mg l(-1) EMS x 120 min, respectively. Combination of 0.025 mg l(-1) NaN3 x 120 mg/l yielded maximum shoot counts (52.30), shoot length (3.23 cm), node numbers (6.07) and leaf numbers (12.13). The trained model to predict the outputs were designed and calibrated with machine learning (ML) algorithms. Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Gaussian Process (GP), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF) models, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network algorithms were used to discover the best models and their hyperparameters. The RF model gave exceptional results in the prediction of the outputs. F1 scores of the RF were acquired in the range of 0.98-1.00 for different outputs. The other models' F1 scores varied in the range of 0.65 and 0.85. The present work opens the new era of applying ML and artificial neural network (ANN) models in plant tissue culture with the possibility of application for other economic crops.Öğe A Whole Genome DArTseq and SNP Analysis for Genetic Diversity Assessment in Durum Wheat from Central Fertile Crescent(Public Library Science, 2017) Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Shahid, Muhammad Qasim; Ciftci, Vahdettin; de Miera, Luis E. Saenz; Aasim, Muhammad; Nadeem, Muhammad AzharUntil now, little attention has been paid to the geographic distribution and evaluation of genetic diversity of durum wheat from the Central Fertile Crescent (modern-day Turkey and Syria). Turkey and Syria are considered as primary centers of wheat diversity, and thousands of locally adapted wheat landraces are still present in the farmers' small fields. We planned this study to evaluate the genetic diversity of durum wheat landraces from the Central Fertile Crescent by genotyping based on DArTseq and SNP analysis. A total of 39,568 DArTseq and 20,661 SNP markers were used to characterize the genetic characteristic of 91 durum wheat land races. Clustering based on Neighbor joining analysis, principal coordinate as well as Bayesian model implemented in structure, clearly showed that the grouping pattern is not associated with the geographical distribution of the durum wheat due to the mixing of the Turkish and Syrian landraces. Significant correlation between DArTseq and SNP markers was observed in the Mantel test. However, we detected a non-significant relationship between geographical coordinates and DArTseq (r = -0.085) and SNP (r = -0.039) loci. These results showed that unconscious farmer selection and lack of the commercial varieties might have resulted in the exchange of genetic material and this was apparent in the genetic structure of durum wheat in Turkey and Syria. The genomic characterization presented here is an essential step towards a future exploitation of the available durum wheat genetic resources in genomic and breeding programs. The results of this study have also depicted a clear insight about the genetic diversity of wheat accessions from the Central Fertile Crescent.Öğe A Whole Genome DArTseq and SNP Analysis for Genetic Diversity Assessment in Durum Wheat from Central Fertile Crescent(Public Library Science, 2017) Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Shahid, Muhammad Qasim; Ciftci, Vahdettin; de Miera, Luis E. Saenz; Aasim, Muhammad; Nadeem, Muhammad AzharUntil now, little attention has been paid to the geographic distribution and evaluation of genetic diversity of durum wheat from the Central Fertile Crescent (modern-day Turkey and Syria). Turkey and Syria are considered as primary centers of wheat diversity, and thousands of locally adapted wheat landraces are still present in the farmers' small fields. We planned this study to evaluate the genetic diversity of durum wheat landraces from the Central Fertile Crescent by genotyping based on DArTseq and SNP analysis. A total of 39,568 DArTseq and 20,661 SNP markers were used to characterize the genetic characteristic of 91 durum wheat land races. Clustering based on Neighbor joining analysis, principal coordinate as well as Bayesian model implemented in structure, clearly showed that the grouping pattern is not associated with the geographical distribution of the durum wheat due to the mixing of the Turkish and Syrian landraces. Significant correlation between DArTseq and SNP markers was observed in the Mantel test. However, we detected a non-significant relationship between geographical coordinates and DArTseq (r = -0.085) and SNP (r = -0.039) loci. These results showed that unconscious farmer selection and lack of the commercial varieties might have resulted in the exchange of genetic material and this was apparent in the genetic structure of durum wheat in Turkey and Syria. The genomic characterization presented here is an essential step towards a future exploitation of the available durum wheat genetic resources in genomic and breeding programs. The results of this study have also depicted a clear insight about the genetic diversity of wheat accessions from the Central Fertile Crescent.
