Zemahşerî’nin Keşşâf Tefsiri'nde İbâdât konusunda mezheplerden bağımsız görüşleri
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Yayıncı
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Arap dili ve belağatının zirve ismi olan ez-Zemahşerî(ö. 538/1144), hem Doğu’da hem Batı’da özellikle tefsir alanında meşhur olmuş bir âlimdir. Ancak onun fakihlik yönü arka planda kalmış ve onun bu özelliğini inceleyen çalışmalara çok az rastlanmaktadır. Mutezilî bir âlim olarak da bilinen Zemahşerî, dirayet tefsiri alanında en iyi örneklerinden biri olarak kabul edilen “Keşşâf Tefsîri”nde inançla ilgili ayetleri, mensup olduğu itikadî ekolün prensiplerine göre yorumlarken, ahkâma dair ayetleri ise mezhep taassubu gütmeden ve Arapça kaidelerinin yardımıyla detaylı fıkhî izahlar yapar. Çünkü o, ayetteki hükümleri sadece mensubu olduğu Hanefî mezhebi esaslı ele almaz aynı zamanda diğer mezhep imamlarının görüşlerine de yer verir. Nitekim Mezhepler üstü/non-confessional bir yaklaşımla gerek mezhep imamları, gerekse sahabe, tâbiîn ya da tebe-i tabiûn âlimlerinin görüşlerine başvurarak rivayet metodunu kullanır. Bununla birlikte bizzat kendisi de hüküm istinbatında bulunur ve şahsî izahlarını kendisine has “فإن قلت/قلت ” "...dersen-derim ki" üslubuyla açıklar ve görüşlerini lügat, sarf, nahiv ve belağat gibi Arap dili unsurlarına ya da Câhiliye şiirlerine dayandırdığı dirayet metodunu kullanarak ifade eder. Her ne kadar Keşşâf tefsiri, kısmen i’tizâlî görüşler içermesi nedeniyle özellikle sünnî kesim tarafından itirazedilmiş ise de onun fıkhî açıklamaları, Razî, Beydâvî, Nesefî, Ebu’s-Suûd ve Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır gibi kendisinden sonra gelen birçok müfessir’in eserlerine kaynaklık etmiştir. Bu çalışmada Zemahşerî'nin hayatı ve ahkâm ayetlerini yorumlama metodu hakkında kısa bilgi verildikten sonra onun ibadetler konusunda mezheplere muhalif olarak kendi dirayetiyle elde ettiği bazı örnekler sunulmaya gayret edilecektir.
Abūal-Qāsım Maḥmūd b. ʽUmar al-Zamakhsharī(d. 538/1144), the peak name of Arabic language and eloquence, became famous both in the East and in the West, especially in the field of exegesis, but his jurisprudential (fiqh) perspective remained in the background and no studies were conducted to reveal its characteristics. Al-Zamakhshari, also known as a Muʽtazilī scholar, interprets the verses according to the basic principles of the creed in al-Kashshaaf, which is accepted as one of the best examples in the field of dirayat at-tafsir; however, he makes detailed fiqh explanations on the verses of the ahkām without any sectarian commitment. Because, he does not deal with the provisions of the verse solely on the basis of the Hanafī sect, al-Zamakhshari also includes the views of other sect imams. As a matter of fact, he employs the narrative method with a non-confessional approach by referring to the opinions of both sect imams and aṣ-ṣaḥabah, Tabi‘in or tabi‘ al-tabi‘īn. Moreover, he also produces judgment and explores his personal explanations in his unique style of “فإن قلت / قلت” "if you say-I say". He expresses his views by utilizing the dirayah method which he bases on ancient-Arabic poems or Arabic language elements such as vocabulary, grammar, syntax and rhetoric. In addition, although the exegesis of Al-Kashshaaf has been excommunicated especially by the Sunnī scholars due to involving i’tizālī ideas, his jurisprudential explanations have been a source of books of many successors such al-Rāzī, al-Bayḍāwī, al-Nasafī, Abū al-Suʿūd and Elmalili Hamdi Yazır. In this article, after giving brief information about al-Zamakhsharī's life and method of interpreting the rule verses, it will be tried to present some examples of his worship, which he obtained as opposed to sects.
Abūal-Qāsım Maḥmūd b. ʽUmar al-Zamakhsharī(d. 538/1144), the peak name of Arabic language and eloquence, became famous both in the East and in the West, especially in the field of exegesis, but his jurisprudential (fiqh) perspective remained in the background and no studies were conducted to reveal its characteristics. Al-Zamakhshari, also known as a Muʽtazilī scholar, interprets the verses according to the basic principles of the creed in al-Kashshaaf, which is accepted as one of the best examples in the field of dirayat at-tafsir; however, he makes detailed fiqh explanations on the verses of the ahkām without any sectarian commitment. Because, he does not deal with the provisions of the verse solely on the basis of the Hanafī sect, al-Zamakhshari also includes the views of other sect imams. As a matter of fact, he employs the narrative method with a non-confessional approach by referring to the opinions of both sect imams and aṣ-ṣaḥabah, Tabi‘in or tabi‘ al-tabi‘īn. Moreover, he also produces judgment and explores his personal explanations in his unique style of “فإن قلت / قلت” "if you say-I say". He expresses his views by utilizing the dirayah method which he bases on ancient-Arabic poems or Arabic language elements such as vocabulary, grammar, syntax and rhetoric. In addition, although the exegesis of Al-Kashshaaf has been excommunicated especially by the Sunnī scholars due to involving i’tizālī ideas, his jurisprudential explanations have been a source of books of many successors such al-Rāzī, al-Bayḍāwī, al-Nasafī, Abū al-Suʿūd and Elmalili Hamdi Yazır. In this article, after giving brief information about al-Zamakhsharī's life and method of interpreting the rule verses, it will be tried to present some examples of his worship, which he obtained as opposed to sects.
Açıklama
Makale
Anahtar Kelimeler
Zemahşerî, Keşşâf, İbadet, Ahkâm, İslam Hukuku, Zamakhshari, Kashshaf Worship, Ahkam, Islam law
Kaynak
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
50
Sayı
50
Künye
Solaker, F., Acar, A. (2020). Zemahşerî’nin Keşşâf Tefsiri'nde İbâdât konusunda mezheplerden bağımsız görüşleri. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 50, 50, 102-127.
