Divan şiirinin söz varlığında “Yalan”
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2014
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Yalan; sözlüklerde uydurma, sahte, kötü söz olarak yer alır. İnsanlar tarafından günah, yasak ya da ayıp kabul edilmesine rağmen söylenmekten vazgeçilememiştir. Hatta çoğu defa yalanları hafifletmek için onlara; küçük, zararsız, pembe, masum gibi sıfatlar yüklenmiş, vicdanlar rahatlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Divan edebiyatının söz varlığında da "yalan"a rastlanılmaktadır. Ancak kelimenin sözlük anlamı ile divan şiirindeki kullanımı arasında zaman zaman farklılıklar olduğu da görülmüştür. Karşıdakini aldatmayı amaçlayan yalan, şiirde bu anlamından ziyade mecazî anlamda söz konusu edilmiştir. Zira divan şairi güzeli arama ve anlatma peşinde koşarken bir hayal dünyasındadır ve bu dünya da yalan olarak değerlendirilir. Divan şiirinde kadının, dünyanın, sabahın bile yalanla ifade edildiği beyitlerde sevgili de aşığa yalan vaatlerde bulunur. Ayrıca, bu kötü davranışa karşı insanlar özellikle nasihat-nâmelerde uyarılır. Ancak eserlerde en dikkat çeken husus şiirinde en -iyi/çok- yalan olan şairin, en iyi şair olarak kabul edilmesi olmuştur. Divan şiirinde, yalan kelimesinin üstlendiği anlamı çağrıştıracak pek çok kelime bulunmaktadır. Bunlar arasında yalana en yakın olan "kandırma" anlamına gelebilecek mekr, hile, firîb, iftira, bühtân...gibi kelimeler de vardır. Ancak çalışmayı sınırlandırmak için şiirlerdeki sadece "yalan, kizb/kâzib, dürûg" kelimeleri taranmış ve şairlerin "yalan"ı nasıl işledikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu makalede esas alınan örnekler Kutadgu Bilig'den başlayarak farklı yüzyıllara ve şairlere ait divan ve mesnevilerden seçilmiştir. Geniş bir tarama sonucunda elde edilen beyitlerin incelenmesiyle alt başlıklar belirlenmiş ve bu konuda en dikkat çeken mısralar söz konusu edilmiştir. Örneklerin çoğaltılması mümkün olmakla birlikte tespit edilen beyitlerle de "yalan" kelimesinin divan şiirinde kullanılışının kavratılmasına çalışılmıştır.
Lie; means false, fake and bad word in dictionaries. Although it is thought as sin, taboo or shame by people, it can not be given up telling. Even, most of the time to alleviate the lies people use adjectives as little, white, pink, innocent and consciences are tried to be relax. In the vocabulary of divan literature “lie” is found. But it was seen that sometimes between the dictionary meaning and the usage in divan poetry of the word can be differences. Lie, which aims to deceive the others, is used metaphorically rather than its real meaning in the poetry. Because while divan poet aims to find and tell the beauty he/she is in an imaginary world and this is thought as lie in the world. In the couplets of the divan poetry, which woman, world, and even morning are expressed with lie, loved gives false promises to the lover. Besides people are always warned against this bad behaviour in nasihat-names. But the most remarkable point in the works is that the poet who uses the lies most is thought as the best poet. In divan poetry there are lots of words that associate with the meaning of the word lie. Among these there are words as mekr, hile, firib, iftira, bühtan… that mean “deception”, which has the closest meaning to the lie, But to limit the study in the poetries the words “lie, kizb/kazib, düruğ” were scanned and dwelled on how poets handled the lie. The examples, which is based on in this article, are selected among the divan and mesnevis that belong to different centuries and poets by starting from the Kutadgu Bilig. By analyzing the couplets, which were obtained as a result of a wide range of survey, subtitles were determined and the most remarkable verses in this subject were mentioned. It is possible that examples can be maximized and with the couplets, which were identified, it is tried to be showed how the word lie is used in divan poetries.
Lie; means false, fake and bad word in dictionaries. Although it is thought as sin, taboo or shame by people, it can not be given up telling. Even, most of the time to alleviate the lies people use adjectives as little, white, pink, innocent and consciences are tried to be relax. In the vocabulary of divan literature “lie” is found. But it was seen that sometimes between the dictionary meaning and the usage in divan poetry of the word can be differences. Lie, which aims to deceive the others, is used metaphorically rather than its real meaning in the poetry. Because while divan poet aims to find and tell the beauty he/she is in an imaginary world and this is thought as lie in the world. In the couplets of the divan poetry, which woman, world, and even morning are expressed with lie, loved gives false promises to the lover. Besides people are always warned against this bad behaviour in nasihat-names. But the most remarkable point in the works is that the poet who uses the lies most is thought as the best poet. In divan poetry there are lots of words that associate with the meaning of the word lie. Among these there are words as mekr, hile, firib, iftira, bühtan… that mean “deception”, which has the closest meaning to the lie, But to limit the study in the poetries the words “lie, kizb/kazib, düruğ” were scanned and dwelled on how poets handled the lie. The examples, which is based on in this article, are selected among the divan and mesnevis that belong to different centuries and poets by starting from the Kutadgu Bilig. By analyzing the couplets, which were obtained as a result of a wide range of survey, subtitles were determined and the most remarkable verses in this subject were mentioned. It is possible that examples can be maximized and with the couplets, which were identified, it is tried to be showed how the word lie is used in divan poetries.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yalan (kizb, dürûg), Şair, Şiir, Dünya, Kadın, Va’d, Da’vâ, Lie, Poet, Poem, World, Woman, Promise, Claim
Kaynak
Turkish Studies (Elektronik)
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
9
Sayı
3
Künye
Akpınar, Ş. (2014). Divan şiirinin söz varlığında “Yalan”. Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 9, 3, 43-78.
